CN112365274B - High-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data, which relates to the field of multi-source data collection and comprises the steps of obtaining a high-resolution satellite image of an integral water area and extracting an image of the area of the water area; establishing a water quality inversion model according to the water area image and the water quality index concentrations detected by all detection stations in the whole water area, and acquiring the water quality index of each position in the water area; calculating the discharge position of pollutants and the average value of the corresponding discharge amount as an initial value according to the water quality model; and establishing an error equation according to the initial value and the actual water quality data in the water area, and solving the optimal solution of the pollutant discharge position and the pollutant discharge amount according to a least square method. The method aims at tracing the water pollution of the whole water area, avoids the subjective limitation that the polluted water area is extracted manually and then the water pollution is traced, and greatly reduces the workload; and the optimal estimation method based on least square reduces the true value of the data to the maximum extent, and realizes the quick and accurate positioning of the water pollution source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-source data collection, and particularly relates to a high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data.
Background
In recent years, under the influence of various factors, the ecological environment of water resources is in danger, and water pollution accidents are frequent. The existing water pollution tracing usually adopts a manual method as a main method, and specifically comprises the steps of combining ground actual measurement data monitored by setting conventional monitoring sections on the coastal ground of rivers and lakes, carrying out on-site visit and investigation on a pollution source, establishing a pollution sample database aiming at different pollution discharge enterprises and sources, and obtaining the pollution source by comparing on-site sampling with the database.
The manual method for troubleshooting consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources to a certain extent, wastes a large amount of time, causes the monitoring result to have no timeliness, can only carry out 'point' shaped monitoring by manual means, has a small monitoring range, and has a large workload if the manual method is used for troubleshooting in a large range. Moreover, the manual method has strong subjectivity, and the phenomenon of interference of human factors is inevitable in the monitoring process.
With the development and application of the remote sensing technology, a new concept is established for the water quality monitoring and water pollution tracing field, and a new idea is widened. The satellite remote sensing technology has the advantages of wide range, high speed, low cost, convenience for long-term dynamic monitoring and the like in water environment monitoring. The water pollution source tracing method based on the satellite not only carries out the investigation in a large space scale range under the condition of greatly reducing manpower and material resources, but also can realize the rapid and accurate source tracing of pollutants through an optimization estimation method based on modeling so as to achieve the purpose of three-dimensional dynamic monitoring of water pollution.
Although the related patent application with the application number of 201911252755.X relates to monitoring water pollution by means of satellite remote sensing, the method selection and the specific implementation level still have some defects, the water pollution tracing method in the application needs to artificially extract the polluted water area first and then trace the source, the polluted water area is extracted under the condition of large area of the water area, the workload is large, and meanwhile, the influence of human subjective factors can be brought.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data, which is used for tracing the water pollution of the whole water area, extracting each water quality index by combining a high-resolution satellite image and actual monitoring data, weighting various water quality indexes to obtain a water pollution result, and greatly improving the precision of tracing the water pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a high-resolution satellite image of the whole water area, and extracting a water area image according to the satellite image;
establishing a water quality inversion model according to the water area image and the water quality index concentrations detected by all detection stations in the whole water area, and acquiring the water quality index of each position in the water area;
calculating the discharge position of pollutants and the average value of the corresponding discharge amount as an initial value according to the water quality indexes of the positions and the water quality model;
and establishing an error equation according to the initial value and the actual water quality data in the area of the water area, and solving the optimal solution of the discharge position and the discharge amount of the pollutants according to a least square method.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the acquiring a high resolution satellite image of an entire water area and extracting a water area image according to the satellite image includes:
acquiring a high-resolution satellite image of the whole water area through satellite remote sensing;
and preprocessing the satellite image to obtain a satellite image with real apparent reflectivity, and further acquiring an image of the water area.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the obtaining of the average value of the discharge position and the corresponding discharge amount of the pollutant according to the water quality index and the water quality model at each position as an initial value includes:
randomly selecting 3N groups of water quality sample data in the water area, wherein each group of water quality sample data comprises randomly selected discharge position coordinates (x) i ，y i ) And water quality index C (x) at the position i ，y i )；
Introducing sample data into a water quality model, wherein the formula of the water quality model is as follows:
in the formula:
x 0 ，y 0 longitudinal and transverse directions corresponding to the initial discharge position of the pollutantTo the coordinate;
W 0 is (x) 0 ，y 0 ) The total amount of pollutants discharged is kg;
h is water depth and the unit is m;
E y is the diffusion coefficient in the transverse direction and has the unit of m 2 /s；
Mu is the average speed of the longitudinal section of the water area, and the unit is m/s;
xi and yi are the longitudinal and lateral coordinates of the sample point;
C(x i ，y i ) Is (x) i ，y i ) The concentration of the pollutants at the coordinates is in mg/L;
wherein x is 0 ，y 0 And W 0 If the number is unknown, a simultaneous equation of three groups of water quality sample data is brought in to obtain a group of solutions, and N groups of solutions are obtained according to 3N sample data;
calculate the average of the N solutions as
As a further improvement of the present invention, the establishing an error equation according to the initial value and the actual water quality data in the water area includes:
the actual water quality data in the water area is (x) 0i ，y 0i ，W 0i ) The initial value is
The error equation is established as follows:
as a further improvement of the present invention, the finding of the optimal solution of the pollutant discharge position and discharge amount according to the least square method comprises:
and establishing an equation to obtain the least square sum of the error equation, wherein the equation is as follows:
randomly selecting m groups of water quality sample data in the area of the water area again, and solving the minimum sum of squares (min);
according to the minimum sum of squares min correction initial value, the optimal solution of pollutant discharge position and discharge amount can be obtained
As a further improvement of the present invention, the finding of the least squares sum further includes:
randomly selecting m groups of sample data (x) in water area 0i ，y 0i ，W 0i )；
Calculating v for the first sample 1 ，r 1 ，s 1 Sum of squares: v. of 1 2 +r 1 2 +s 1 2 ＝min；
Calculating v for the ith sample i ，r i ，s i Sum of squares: v. of i 2 +r i 2 +s i 2 ＝min i ，i＝2，3，4，5，……m；
Judgment of min i Whether the time is less than min or not;
if yes, making min equal to min i If not, keeping the min unchanged until all the m groups are calculated, and obtaining min;
randomly extracting the (m + 1) th group of sample data (x) 0m+1 ，y 0m+1 ，W 0m+1 ) Calculating v of the m +1 th sample m+1 ，r m+1 ，s m+1 Sum of squares v m+1 2 +r m+1 2 +s m+1 2 ＝min m+1 ；
Judging whether min is less than min m+1 If yes, min is the least square sum.
As a further improvement of the invention, the judgment whether min is less than min or not is carried out m+1 If not, the sample data is selected again in the area of the water area, and the min minimum value is continuously obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has innovations in the selection of data sources and the selection of a method, and the data source selection is to trace the water pollution source by acquiring the water area of the whole water area based on the high-resolution satellite data; the method combines the high-resolution satellite remote sensing image with the actual monitoring data to perform water quality index inversion, so that the result of the water quality index concentration is more accurate; and finally, in the process of tracing the water pollution, further simplifying the original tracing process, and greatly improving the accuracy of tracing the water pollution by adopting an optimal estimation method.
Compared with the traditional water pollution tracing method, the method avoids the subjective limitation of artificially extracting the polluted water area and then tracing the water pollution source, and greatly reduces the workload.
The method is mainly an optimization estimation method based on least square, the least square method can reduce the true value of data to the maximum extent, and the method can be used for realizing the rapid and accurate positioning of the water pollution source.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a high-precision water pollution tracing method for multi-source data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a resolution satellite image of the whole water area, and extracting a water area image according to the satellite image;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
acquiring a high-resolution satellite image of the whole water area through satellite remote sensing;
and preprocessing the satellite image, including radiation correction, atmospheric correction, image registration, image fusion, image mosaic, image cutting and the like, to finally obtain the satellite image with real apparent reflectivity and further obtain the image of the water area.
S2, establishing a water quality inversion model according to the water area image and the water quality index concentrations detected by all detection stations in the whole water area, and acquiring the water quality indexes of all positions in the water area;
wherein, the water quality index is the pollutant concentration at the corresponding position.
S3, randomly selecting 3N groups of water quality sample data in the area of the water area to be brought into a water quality model, and calculating N groups of pollutant discharge positions and data corresponding to discharge amount;
the water quality sample data comprises randomly selected discharge position coordinates (x) i ，y i ) And the water quality index C (x) at the position i ，y i )；
The 3N groups of water quality sample data are as follows:
((x 1 ，y 1 ，C(x 1 ,y 1 ))，(x 2 ，y 2 ，C(x 2 ,y 2 ))，……，(x 3n ，y 3n ，C(x 3n ，y 3n ))；
the water quality model formula is as follows:
in the formula:
x 0 ，y 0 longitudinal and transverse coordinates corresponding to an initial discharge position of the pollutant;
W 0 is (x) 0 ，y 0 ) The total amount of pollutants discharged is kg;
h is water depth, and the unit is m;
E y is the diffusion coefficient in the transverse direction (y-direction) and has the unit of m 2 /s；
Mu is the average cross-sectional velocity of the water area in the longitudinal direction (x direction) and the unit is m/s;
xi and yi are the longitudinal and lateral coordinates of the sample point;
C(x i ，y i ) Is x i ，y i The concentration of the contaminant at the coordinates in mg/L;
wherein, h, E y Where μ is known data acquired by the inspection site, x 0 ，y 0 And W 0 Is unknown, and a set of solution can be obtained by substituting three sets of water quality sample data simultaneous equations. And obtaining N groups of solutions by using 3N sample data.
S4, calculating the emission positions of the N groups of pollutants and the average value of the corresponding emission amount as an initial value;
obtain an average value, i.e. an initial value of
S5, establishing an error equation according to the initial value and the actual water quality data in the water area;
wherein, the error equation is established and comprises:
the actual water quality data in the water intake area is (x) 0i ，y 0i ，W 0i ) The initial value is
Then the error equation is established as:
s6, randomly selecting m groups of water quality sample data in the area of the water area, and solving the minimum square sum min of error values;
further, the least squares sum equation is:
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps:
calculating v of the i (i-2, 3, 4, 5, … … m) th sample i ，r i ，s i Sum of squares v i 2 +r i 2 +s i 2 ＝min i ；
Judgment of min i Whether the time is less than min or not;
if yes, making min equal to min i If not, keeping the min unchanged until all the m groups are calculated, and obtaining min;
s7, judging whether the minimum sum of squares of the error values reaches the minimum;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
randomly extracting the (m + 1) th set of sample data (x) 0m+1 ，y 0m+1 ，W 0m+1 ) Calculating v of the m +1 th sample m+1 ，r m+1 ，s m+1 Sum of squares v m+1 2 +r m+1 2 +s m+1 2 ＝min m+1 ；
S8, judging whether min is less than min m+1 If yes, the min is the minimum sum of squares, if not, sample data is selected again in the area of the water area, and the min minimum value is continuously obtained;
s9, correcting the initial value according to the least square sum min, and obtaining the optimal solution of the pollutant discharge position and the pollutant discharge amount
I.e. the coordinates of the pollution source are
The discharge amount of the pollution source is
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) innovations are made in the selection of data sources and the selection of a method, and the data sources are selected based on high-resolution satellite data to obtain the water area of the whole water area for tracing water pollution; the method combines the high-resolution satellite remote sensing image with the actual monitoring data to perform water quality index inversion, so that the result of the water quality index concentration is more accurate; and finally, in the process of tracing the water pollution, further simplifying the original tracing process, and greatly improving the accuracy of tracing the water pollution by adopting an optimal estimation method.
(2) Compared with the existing traditional water pollution tracing method, the subjective limitation that the polluted water area is extracted manually and then water pollution tracing is carried out is avoided, and the workload is greatly reduced.
(3) The method is based on the least square optimization estimation method, the least square method can restore the true value of the data to the maximum extent, and the method can realize the rapid and accurate positioning of a single pollution source in a water area.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a high-resolution satellite image of the whole water area, and extracting a water area image according to the satellite image;
establishing a water quality inversion model according to the water area image and the water quality index concentrations detected by all detection stations in the whole water area, and acquiring the water quality index of each position in the water area;
calculating the discharge position of pollutants and the average value of the corresponding discharge amount as an initial value according to the water quality indexes of the positions and the water quality model; the method comprises the following steps: randomly selecting 3N groups of water quality sample data in the water area, wherein each group of water quality sample data comprises randomly selected discharge position coordinates (x) i ，y i ) And water quality index C (x) at the position i ，y i ) (ii) a Introducing sample data into a water quality model, wherein the formula of the water quality model is as follows:
in the formula:
x 0 ，y 0 longitudinal and transverse coordinates corresponding to an initial discharge position of the pollutant;
W 0 is (x) 0 ，y 0 ) The total amount of pollutants discharged is kg;
h is water depth, and the unit is m;
E y is the diffusion coefficient in the transverse direction, and has the unit of m 2 /s；
Mu is the average speed of the longitudinal section of the water area, and the unit is m/s;
xi and yi are the longitudinal and lateral coordinates of the sample point;
C(x i ，y i ) Is x i ，y i The concentration of the contaminant at the coordinates in mg/L;
wherein x is 0 ，y 0 And W 0 If the number is unknown, a simultaneous equation of three groups of water quality sample data is brought in to obtain a group of solutions, and N groups of solutions are obtained according to 3N sample data;
calculate the average of the N solutions as
And establishing an error equation according to the initial value and the actual water quality data in the area of the water area, and solving the optimal solution of the pollutant discharge position and the pollutant discharge amount according to a least square method.
2. The high-precision water pollution tracing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the acquiring of the high-resolution satellite image of the whole water area and the extracting of the water area image according to the satellite image comprise:
acquiring a high-resolution satellite image of the whole water area through satellite remote sensing;
and preprocessing the satellite image to obtain the satellite image with real apparent reflectivity and further obtain the water area image.
3. The high-precision water pollution tracing method according to claim 1, wherein: the error equation is established according to the initial value and the actual water quality data in the water area, and the error equation comprises the following steps:
the actual water quality data in the water area is (x) 0i ，y 0i ，W 0i ) The initial value is
The error equation is established as follows:
4. the high-precision water pollution tracing method according to claim 3, wherein the obtaining of the optimal solution of the pollutant discharge position and discharge amount according to the least square method comprises:
and establishing an equation to obtain the least square sum of the error equation, wherein the equation is as follows:
randomly selecting m groups of water quality sample data in the area of the water area again, and solving the minimum sum of squares (min);
correcting the initial value according to the minimum sum of squares (min), and obtaining the optimal solution of the discharge position and the discharge amount of pollutants
5. The high-precision water pollution tracing method according to claim 4, wherein: the least squares summation further comprises:
randomly selecting m groups of sample data (x) in water area 0i ，y 0i ，W 0i )；
Calculating v of the first sample 1 ，r 1 ，s 1 Sum of squares: v. of 1 2 +r 1 2 +s 1 2 ＝min；
Calculating v for the ith sample i ，r i ，s i Sum of squares: v. of i 2 +r i 2 +s i 2 ＝min i ，i＝2，3，4，5，……m；
Judgment of min i Whether the time is less than min or not;
if yes, making min equal to min i If not, keeping the min unchanged until all the m groups are calculated, and obtaining min;
randomly extracting the (m + 1) th group of sample data (x) 0m+1 ，y 0m+1 ，W 0m+1 ) Calculating v of the m +1 th sample m+1 ，r m+1 ，s m+1 Sum of squares v m+1 2 +r m+1 2 +s m+1 2 ＝min m+1 ；
Judging whether min is less than min m+1 If yes, min is the least square sum.
6. The high-precision water pollution tracing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: judging whether min is less than min m+1 If not, the sample data is selected again in the area of the water area, and the min minimum value is continuously obtained.
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| 基于最小二乘支持向量机的渭河水质定量遥感监测研究;谢屹鹏;《CNKI中国知网》;20110315(第03期);第1-66页 * |
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