CN108503362B - Preparation method of nano graphite-based grinding material - Google Patents
Preparation method of nano graphite-based grinding material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a nano graphite-based grinding material, belonging to the technical field of inorganic chemical materials. Firstly, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, stirring at constant temperature to prepare nano graphite dispersion liquid, then carrying out ultrasonic mixing on the nano graphite dispersion liquid, sodium fluoride and nano iron powder uniformly, dropwise adding a precursor diluent, dropwise adding an ethanol solution, carrying out stirring reaction at constant temperature, standing, filtering and drying to obtain a dried material; and (2) heating the dried material under the protection of argon gas for high-temperature reaction, cooling to obtain a blank, washing the blank with hydrofluoric acid, washing with water, drying to obtain abrasive particles, mixing the abrasive particles, a ceramic binder and water, performing injection molding, drying, demolding, sintering and cooling to obtain the nano graphite-based grinding material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a preparation method of a nano graphite-based grinding material, belonging to the technical field of inorganic chemical materials.
Background
With the rapid development of high-tech and network information, aerospace, integrated circuit and national defense army have been developed since the new century
The surface processing technology of instruments used in the fields of industry and the like is inevitably developed towards ultraprecision. Therefore, the development of the ultra-precision machining technology not only represents the development level of a high-end technology in China, but also has entered various fields of people's life and national economy, and has extremely important research significance. In order to adapt the instruments applied to the top-end science and technology field to the rapid development of science and technology, the surface processing quality, the production efficiency, the cost and other directions of the instruments pose serious challenges, and particularly the surface processing quality is required to achieve mirror surface level smoothness without surface damage and residual stress. However, for the conventional multiple and complex manufacturing techniques, such as milling, polishing and polishing, because of uncertain material removal and existence of a sub-surface damaged layer caused by free abrasive particle grinding and corrosion, it is difficult to ensure the higher surface precision of the instrument, and increase the difficulty of subsequent polishing treatment, the material composition tends to have diversified components, and the factors such as particle size control and chemical composition of the multi-component powder greatly influence the microstructure and macroscopic performance of the material, and the conventional powder synthesis method is difficult to meet the requirement of rapidly synthesizing a large amount of high-purity uniform multi-component powder. Therefore, new processes and technical researches for powder synthesis are receiving more and more attention. The existing powder synthesis technology mainly comprises a solid phase method, a gas phase method and a liquid phase method. Wherein, the solid phase method has simple and convenient process and is easy for mass production, but the reaction condition is harsh, and the uniformity of the obtained powder is poor; the gas phase method is generally used for preparing non-oxide superfine powder such as metal, nitride, carbide and the like which are difficult to prepare by a liquid phase method, although the prepared powder has high purity and good dispersibility; in the process of preparing the powder by the liquid phase method, the reaction condition is easy to control, the product is uniform, but the cost of the organic raw material is higher, and the industrial production is difficult. The ultra-precision machining technology comprehensively applies advanced technologies such as computers, microelectronics, automatic control and the like, and aims to improve and perfect the current macro-manufacturing, thereby realizing the micro-manufacturing suitable for the future industrial development. The traditional nano abrasive material has the defects of high thermal expansion coefficient and difficult further improvement of grinding performance, thereby influencing the use effect.
Therefore, how to improve the defects of high thermal expansion coefficient and difficult further improvement of the grinding performance of the traditional nano grinding material to obtain higher comprehensive performance is a problem to be researched and solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems that: aiming at the defects of high thermal expansion coefficient and difficult further improvement of grinding performance of the traditional nano grinding material, the invention provides a preparation method of a nano graphite-based grinding material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a nano graphite-based grinding material comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1) mixing nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-1: 15, after ultrasonic dispersion, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.2-0.4 times of that of the nano graphite, after ultrasonic dispersion, stirring at constant temperature to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1: 5-1: 7, ultrasonically mixing the precursor with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain precursor diluent;
(3) taking 60-80 parts of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 80-100 parts of precursor diluent, 10-20 parts of ethanol solution, 4-5 parts of sodium fluoride and 2-5 parts of nano iron powder in sequence by weight, firstly, ultrasonically mixing the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder uniformly, then, dropwise adding the precursor diluent, adjusting the pH to 7.6-7.8, then, dropwise adding the ethanol solution, stirring and reacting at constant temperature, standing, filtering and drying to obtain a dried material;
(4) placing the obtained dry material into a tubular furnace, heating to 1500-1600 ℃ under the protection of argon, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 3-5 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a blank;
(5) washing the obtained blank with hydrofluoric acid, then washing with deionized water, and then drying to constant weight to obtain abrasive particles;
(6) according to the weight parts, 30-60 parts of abrasive particles, 40-80 parts of ceramic bond, 8-10 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 10-20 parts of water are sequentially taken, uniformly stirred and mixed, and then subjected to injection molding, drying, demolding, sintering and cooling to obtain the nano graphite-based grinding material.
And (3) the precursor in the step (2) is any one of methyl orthosilicate and ethyl orthosilicate.
The ceramic bonding agent in the step (6) is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of boron oxide, 4-6 parts of aluminum oxide, 2-4 parts of zirconium oxide, 50-60 parts of sodium silicate and 10-20 parts of calcium silicate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the technical scheme of the invention adopts nano graphite as matrix abrasive particles, firstly, absolute ethyl alcohol is adopted as a dispersing medium, ultrasonic treatment is adopted to open soft agglomeration among the nano graphite, polyvinylpyrrolidone is added to enable the nano graphite to be well adsorbed on the surface of the nano graphite, re-agglomeration of the nano graphite in the subsequent treatment process is avoided, then nano graphite dispersion liquid and precursor diluent are mixed, and silicon dioxide generated by hydrolysis of the precursor is utilized to be adsorbed and coated on the surface of the nano graphite, on one hand, the silicon dioxide can catalyze the silicon dioxide to carry out chemical reaction with carbon in the graphite under the catalysis of sodium fluoride and nano iron powder, so that Si-C bonds are formed at the interface bonding part of the graphite and the silicon dioxide, chemical bonding is formed between the nano graphite and the silicon dioxide, and the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon carbide formed by the reaction of the silicon dioxide and the silicon dioxide is closer to that of the graphite, therefore, cracking caused by large difference of thermal expansion coefficients in the subsequent sintering process and the use process of the product can be effectively avoided, the service life of the product is effectively prolonged, and meanwhile, the lower thermal expansion coefficient can ensure higher processing precision in the use process; on the other hand, the silicon dioxide can fill surface defects and microcracks generated in the thinning process of the nano graphite and can be converted into silicon carbide in the subsequent reaction process, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the silicon carbide is close to that of the graphite, so that the silicon carbide filled in the microcracks can effectively avoid further expansion of the microcracks on the graphite surface in the use process, the grinding performance of the product is effectively maintained, and meanwhile, the service life is effectively prolonged;
(2) according to the technical scheme, the blank is washed by hydrofluoric acid, so that redundant silicon dioxide in the blank is removed, a communicated pore structure is formed in the blank, and after the ceramic bonding agent is sintered and formed, the pore structure can be beneficial to the ceramic bonding agent to permeate and diffuse into the blank in the sintering process, so that the ceramic bonding agent and the blank are effectively bonded, the abrasive particles are prevented from being stripped in the grinding process to cause blockage, meanwhile, the communicated pores are beneficial to chip removal and heat dissipation in the grinding process, the blockage and burning of workpieces are avoided, and the grinding efficiency of the product is improved.
Detailed Description
According to the mass ratio of 1: 10-1: mixing nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, ultrasonically dispersing the mixture for 30-60 min under the ultrasonic frequency of 45-60 kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.2-0.4 times of that of the nano graphite into the No. 1 beaker, continuously ultrasonically dispersing the mixture for 20-40 min under the ultrasonic frequency of 55-60 kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and stirring and mixing the mixture for 2-4 h at constant temperature and at the rotating speed of 300-500 r/min at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ to obtain a nano graphite dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 5-1: 7, pouring the precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 30-45 min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 45-50 kHz to obtain precursor diluent; according to the weight parts, sequentially taking 60-80 parts of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 80-100 parts of precursor diluent, 10-20 parts of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 55-60%, 4-5 parts of sodium fluoride and 2-5 parts of nano iron powder, firstly pouring the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder into a three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonically mixing for 45-60 min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 40-50 kHz, then moving the three-neck flask into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, dropwise adding the precursor diluent into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature of 40-45 ℃ and under the condition that the rotating speed is 300-500 r/min, controlling the acceleration rate of the precursor diluent to be 4-8 mL/min, adjusting the pH of the material in the three-neck flask to be 7.6-7.8 after the precursor diluent is dropwise added, then dropwise adding the ethanol solution, controlling the rate of the ethanol solution to be 6-9 nL/min, after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, continuously stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 6-8 h, pouring the materials in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 2-4 h at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with deionized water for 3-5 times, transferring the washed filter cake into a drying oven, and drying at 105-110 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a dried material; then, the obtained dried material is moved into a tubular furnace, argon is introduced into the furnace at a speed of 60-80 mL/min, the temperature is programmed to 1500-1600 ℃ at a speed of 8-10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, the material is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation reaction for 3-5 h, a blank is obtained, the obtained blank is soaked and washed for 45-60 min by hydrofluoric acid with a mass fraction of 8-10%, then washed for 4-6 times by deionized water, then the blank washed by the deionized water is transferred into an oven, and dried to constant weight at a temperature of 105-110 ℃ to obtain abrasive particles; according to the weight parts, 30-60 parts of abrasive particles, 40-80 parts of ceramic bond, 8-10 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 10-20 parts of water are poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed at the rotating speed of 600-800 r/min for 2-4 hours, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demoulded, sintered for 8-10 hours at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and cooled to obtain the nano graphite-based grinding material. The precursor is any one of methyl orthosilicate or ethyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of boron oxide, 4-6 parts of aluminum oxide, 2-4 parts of zirconium oxide, 50-60 parts of sodium silicate and 10-20 parts of calcium silicate.
Example 1
According to the mass ratio of 1: 15, mixing the nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, ultrasonically dispersing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.4 time of that of the nano graphite into the No. 1 beaker, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 40min under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display speed measurement constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and stirring and mixing for 4h at constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 7, pouring the precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz to obtain precursor diluent; according to the weight portion, sequentially taking 80 portions of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 100 portions of precursor diluent, 20 portions of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60%, 5 portions of sodium fluoride and 5 portions of nano iron powder, firstly pouring the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder into a three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonically mixing for 60min under the ultrasonic frequency of 50kHz, then moving the three-neck flask into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, dropwise adding the precursor diluent into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, controlling the acceleration rate of the precursor diluent to be 8mL/min, after the dropwise addition of the precursor diluent is finished, adjusting the pH value of the material in the three-neck flask to be 7.8, then dropwise adding the ethanol solution, controlling the dropwise adding rate of the ethanol solution to be 9nL/min, after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 8 hours, pouring the materials in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 4 hours at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 5 times by using deionized water, transferring the washed filter cake into an oven, and drying to constant weight at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain a dried material; then the obtained dried material is moved into a tubular furnace, argon is introduced into the furnace at the speed of 80mL/min, the temperature is programmed to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, the furnace is cooled to room temperature after 5 hours of heat preservation reaction, a blank is obtained after discharging, the obtained blank is soaked and washed for 60 minutes by hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10 percent, then the blank is washed for 6 times by deionized water, the blank washed by the deionized water is transferred into a drying oven, and the blank is dried to constant weight under the temperature of 110 ℃, so that abrasive particles are obtained; according to the weight portion, 60 portions of abrasive particles, 80 portions of ceramic bond, 10 portions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 20 portions of water are sequentially poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demolded, sintered for 10 hours at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and cooled, and the nano graphite-based grinding material is obtained. The precursor is methyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of boron oxide, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 parts of zirconium oxide, 60 parts of sodium silicate and 20 parts of calcium silicate.
Example 2
According to the mass ratio of 1: 15, mixing nano diamond powder and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.4 time of that of the nano diamond powder into the No. 1 beaker, continuing carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 40min under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display speed measurement constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and carrying out constant-temperature stirring and mixing for 4h under the conditions that the temperature is 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain nano diamond powder alkene dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 7, pouring the precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz to obtain precursor diluent; according to the weight portion, sequentially taking 80 portions of nano diamond powder dispersion, 100 portions of precursor diluent, 20 portions of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60%, 5 portions of sodium fluoride and 5 portions of nano iron powder, firstly pouring the nano diamond powder dispersion, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder into a three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonically mixing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, then moving the three-neck flask into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, dropwise adding the precursor diluent into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min, controlling the acceleration rate of the precursor diluent to be 8mL/min, after the dropwise addition of the precursor diluent is finished, adjusting the pH value of materials in the three-neck flask to be 7.8, then dropwise adding the ethanol solution, controlling the dropwise adding rate of the ethanol solution to be 9nL/min, after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 8 hours, pouring the materials in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 4 hours at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 5 times by using deionized water, transferring the washed filter cake into an oven, and drying to constant weight at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain a dried material; then the obtained dried material is moved into a tubular furnace, argon is introduced into the furnace at the speed of 80mL/min, the temperature is programmed to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, the furnace is cooled to room temperature after 5 hours of heat preservation reaction, a blank is obtained after discharging, the obtained blank is soaked and washed for 60 minutes by hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10 percent, then the blank is washed for 6 times by deionized water, the blank washed by the deionized water is transferred into a drying oven, and the blank is dried to constant weight under the temperature of 110 ℃, so that abrasive particles are obtained; according to the weight portion, 60 portions of abrasive particles, 80 portions of ceramic bond, 10 portions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 20 portions of water are sequentially poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demolded, sintered for 10 hours at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and cooled, and the nano diamond powder-based grinding material is obtained. The precursor is methyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of boron oxide, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 parts of zirconium oxide, 60 parts of sodium silicate and 20 parts of calcium silicate.
Example 3
According to the mass ratio of 1: 15, mixing the nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, ultrasonically dispersing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.4 time of that of the nano graphite into the No. 1 beaker, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 40min under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display speed measurement constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and stirring and mixing for 4h at constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 7, pouring tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz to obtain tetrabutyl titanate diluent; according to the weight portion, 80 portions of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 100 portions of tetrabutyl titanate diluent, 20 portions of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60%, 5 portions of sodium fluoride and 5 portions of nano iron powder are taken in turn, the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder are poured into a three-neck flask, the three-neck flask is placed into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonic mixing is carried out for 60min under the ultrasonic frequency condition of 50kHz, the three-neck flask is moved into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, tetrabutyl titanate diluent is dripped into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, the acceleration rate of the dripping of the tetrabutyl titanate diluent is controlled to be 8mL/min, the pH of the material in the three-neck flask is adjusted to be 7.8 after the dripping of the tetrabutyl titanate diluent is finished, the ethanol solution is dripped, the dripping rate of the ethanol solution is controlled to be 9nL/min, after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 8 hours, pouring the materials in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 4 hours at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 5 times by using deionized water, transferring the washed filter cake into a drying oven, and drying to constant weight at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain a dried material; then the obtained dried material is moved into a tubular furnace, argon is introduced into the furnace at the speed of 80mL/min, the temperature is programmed to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, the furnace is cooled to room temperature after 5 hours of heat preservation reaction, a blank is obtained after discharging, the obtained blank is soaked and washed for 60 minutes by hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10 percent, then the blank is washed for 6 times by deionized water, the blank washed by the deionized water is transferred into a drying oven, and the blank is dried to constant weight under the temperature of 110 ℃, so that abrasive particles are obtained; according to the weight portion, 60 portions of abrasive particles, 80 portions of ceramic bond, 10 portions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 20 portions of water are sequentially poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demolded, sintered for 10 hours at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and cooled, and the nano graphite-based grinding material is obtained. The precursor is methyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of boron oxide, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 parts of zirconium oxide, 60 parts of sodium silicate and 20 parts of calcium silicate.
Example 4
According to the mass ratio of 1: 15, mixing the nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, ultrasonically dispersing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.4 time of that of the nano graphite into the No. 1 beaker, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 40min under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display speed measurement constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and stirring and mixing for 4h at constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 7, pouring the precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz to obtain precursor diluent; according to the weight portion, sequentially taking 80 portions of nano-graphite dispersion liquid, 100 portions of precursor diluent and 20 portions of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60%, pouring the nano-graphite dispersion liquid into a three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonically mixing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, moving the three-neck flask into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, dropwise adding the precursor diluent into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min, controlling the acceleration rate of the precursor diluent to be 8mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the material in the three-neck flask to 7.8 after the dropwise addition of the precursor diluent is finished, dropwise adding the ethanol solution again, controlling the dropwise adding rate of the ethanol solution to be 9nL/min, continuing stirring at the constant temperature for 8h after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, pouring the material in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 4h at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with deionized water for 5 times, transferring the washed filter cake into an oven, and drying at 110 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a dried material; then the obtained dried material is moved into a tubular furnace, argon is introduced into the furnace at the speed of 80mL/min, the temperature is programmed to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, the furnace is cooled to room temperature after 5 hours of heat preservation reaction, a blank is obtained after discharging, the obtained blank is soaked and washed for 60 minutes by hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10 percent, then the blank is washed for 6 times by deionized water, the blank washed by the deionized water is transferred into a drying oven, and the blank is dried to constant weight under the temperature of 110 ℃, so that abrasive particles are obtained; according to the weight portion, 60 portions of abrasive particles, 80 portions of ceramic bond, 10 portions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 20 portions of water are sequentially poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demolded, sintered for 10 hours at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and cooled, and the nano graphite-based grinding material is obtained. The precursor is methyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of boron oxide, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 parts of zirconium oxide, 60 parts of sodium silicate and 20 parts of calcium silicate.
Example 5
According to the mass ratio of 1: 15, mixing the nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, ultrasonically dispersing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.4 time of that of the nano graphite into the No. 1 beaker, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 40min under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display speed measurement constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and stirring and mixing for 4h at constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 7, pouring the precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz to obtain precursor diluent; according to the weight portion, sequentially taking 80 portions of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 100 portions of precursor diluent, 20 portions of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60%, 5 portions of sodium fluoride and 5 portions of nano iron powder, firstly pouring the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder into a three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonically mixing for 60min under the ultrasonic frequency of 50kHz, then moving the three-neck flask into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, dropwise adding the precursor diluent into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, controlling the acceleration rate of the precursor diluent to be 8mL/min, after the dropwise addition of the precursor diluent is finished, adjusting the pH value of the material in the three-neck flask to be 7.8, then dropwise adding the ethanol solution, controlling the dropwise adding rate of the ethanol solution to be 9nL/min, after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 8 hours, pouring the materials in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 4 hours at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 5 times by using deionized water, transferring the washed filter cake into an oven, and drying to constant weight at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain a dried material; then transferring the obtained dried material into a tubular furnace, introducing argon into the furnace at a rate of 80mL/min, carrying out temperature programming to 1600 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, discharging to obtain a blank, soaking and washing the obtained blank for 60 minutes by using hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, washing for 6 times by using deionized water, transferring the blank washed by the deionized water into an oven, and drying to constant weight at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain abrasive particles; according to the weight portion, 60 portions of abrasive particles, 80 portions of ceramic bond, 10 portions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 20 portions of water are sequentially poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demolded, sintered for 10 hours at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and cooled, and the nano graphite-based grinding material is obtained. The precursor is methyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of boron oxide, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 parts of zirconium oxide, 60 parts of sodium silicate and 20 parts of calcium silicate.
Example 6
According to the mass ratio of 1: 15, mixing the nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol, pouring the mixture into a No. 1 beaker, moving the No. 1 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, ultrasonically dispersing for 60min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.4 time of that of the nano graphite into the No. 1 beaker, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 40min under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz, moving the No. 1 beaker into a digital display speed measurement constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and stirring and mixing for 4h at constant temperature under the conditions that the temperature is 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid; according to the volume ratio of 1: 7, pouring the precursor and absolute ethyl alcohol into a No. 2 beaker, moving the No. 2 beaker into an ultrasonic dispersion instrument, and ultrasonically mixing for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz to obtain precursor diluent; according to the weight portion, sequentially taking 80 portions of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 100 portions of precursor diluent, 20 portions of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60%, 5 portions of sodium fluoride and 5 portions of nano iron powder, firstly pouring the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder into a three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonically mixing for 60min under the ultrasonic frequency of 50kHz, then moving the three-neck flask into a digital display speed measurement constant temperature magnetic stirrer, dropwise adding the precursor diluent into the three-neck flask while stirring at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, controlling the acceleration rate of the precursor diluent to be 8mL/min, after the dropwise addition of the precursor diluent is finished, adjusting the pH value of the material in the three-neck flask to be 7.8, then dropwise adding the ethanol solution, controlling the dropwise adding rate of the ethanol solution to be 9nL/min, after the dropwise addition of the ethanol solution is finished, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 8 hours, pouring the materials in the three-neck flask into a No. 3 beaker, standing for 4 hours at room temperature, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake for 5 times by using deionized water, transferring the washed filter cake into an oven, and drying to constant weight at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain a dried material; then the obtained dried material is moved into a tubular furnace, argon is introduced into the furnace at the speed of 80mL/min, the temperature is programmed to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of argon, the furnace is cooled to room temperature after 5 hours of heat preservation reaction, a blank is obtained after discharging, the obtained blank is soaked and washed for 60 minutes by hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10 percent, then the blank is washed for 6 times by deionized water, the blank washed by the deionized water is transferred into a drying oven, and the blank is dried to constant weight under the temperature of 110 ℃, so that abrasive particles are obtained; according to the weight portion, 60 portions of abrasive particles, 80 portions of ceramic bond, 10 portions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 20 portions of water are sequentially poured into a stirrer, stirred and mixed for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then the materials in the stirrer are injected into a mold, dried and molded, demolded, sintered for 10 hours at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and cooled, and the nano graphite-based grinding material is obtained. The precursor is methyl orthosilicate. The ceramic bond is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of boron oxide, 4 parts of zirconium oxide, 60 parts of sodium silicate and 20 parts of calcium silicate.
Comparative example:
the nano graphite-based abrasive materials obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative example products were subjected to performance tests, which were specifically performed as follows:
coefficient of thermal expansion: the thermal expansion coefficients of the test bars were tested using a DIL402C thermal expansion analyzer from Netzsch, Germany. And (3) testing conditions are as follows: an air atmosphere; the heating rate is 5 ℃/min; the testing temperature range is 30-520 ℃.
Breaking strength: the flexural strength of the test strip is measured by a material surface and interface performance testing machine, and the span L is measured
16mm, load rate 0.5mm/min, ten tests per formulation sample, and the final results averaged.
And (3) detecting apparent porosity: the DXR type apparent porosity volume weight tester is adopted, the principle is the same as that of the archimedes drainage method, each sample is tested at least three times, and the average value of the results is taken. The surface of the test sample strip to be tested is required to be clean and free from scratch crack
Drying in a muffle furnace to obtain a grain with a volume of not less than 10cm3The vacuum degree is not lower than 0.09 MPa.
Specific detection results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 specific test results for nano-graphite-based abrasive materials
As can be seen from the detection results in Table 1, the nano graphite-based abrasive material prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has the characteristics of low thermal expansion coefficient and good grinding performance, and has wide prospects in the development of inorganic chemical material industry.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a nano graphite-based grinding material is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) mixing nano graphite and absolute ethyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-1: 15, after ultrasonic dispersion, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass of 0.2-0.4 times of that of the nano graphite, after ultrasonic dispersion, stirring at constant temperature to obtain nano graphite dispersion liquid;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1: 5-1: 7, ultrasonically mixing the precursor with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain precursor diluent; the precursor is any one of methyl orthosilicate or ethyl orthosilicate;
(3) taking 60-80 parts of nano graphite dispersion liquid, 80-100 parts of precursor diluent, 10-20 parts of ethanol solution, 4-5 parts of sodium fluoride and 2-5 parts of nano iron powder in sequence by weight, firstly, ultrasonically mixing the nano graphite dispersion liquid, the sodium fluoride and the nano iron powder uniformly, then, dropwise adding the precursor diluent, adjusting the pH to 7.6-7.8, then, dropwise adding the ethanol solution, stirring and reacting at constant temperature, standing, filtering and drying to obtain a dried material;
(4) placing the obtained dry material into a tubular furnace, heating to 1500-1600 ℃ under the protection of argon, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 3-5 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a blank;
(5) washing the obtained blank with hydrofluoric acid, then washing with deionized water, and then drying to constant weight to obtain abrasive particles;
(6) according to the weight parts, 30-60 parts of abrasive particles, 40-80 parts of ceramic bond, 8-10 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 10-20 parts of water are sequentially taken, uniformly stirred and mixed, and then subjected to injection molding, drying, demolding, sintering and cooling to obtain the nano graphite-based grinding material.
2. The preparation method of the nano graphite-based abrasive material according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic bond in the step (6) is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of boron oxide, 4-6 parts of aluminum oxide, 2-4 parts of zirconium oxide, 50-60 parts of sodium silicate and 10-20 parts of calcium silicate.
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