CN108431341A - 声学干墙板 - Google Patents

声学干墙板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108431341A
CN108431341A CN201680074949.3A CN201680074949A CN108431341A CN 108431341 A CN108431341 A CN 108431341A CN 201680074949 A CN201680074949 A CN 201680074949A CN 108431341 A CN108431341 A CN 108431341A
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acoustics
drywall panel
perforation
dry wall
wall structure
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J·塞德尔
D·赫富特
M·菲巴恩
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Ke Naifu Gypsum LP
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Ke Naifu Gypsum LP
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Priority to CN202210714873.3A priority Critical patent/CN114991329A/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
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    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/02—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/08—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
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    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
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    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0867—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having acoustic absorption means on the visible surface

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于应用在干墙结构11、12、13、14的声学干墙板1，声学干墙板1作为未穿孔的板时具有每1mm厚度大于1.2kg/m2的单位表面积质量，其中声学干墙板1包括多个穿孔2，多个穿孔2在声学干墙板1中成形，每个穿孔2延伸穿过声学干墙板1以允许空气的穿透。

Description

声学干墙板
本发明涉及一种声学干墙(drywall)板和一种包括这种声学干墙板的干墙结构。
本发明寻求在声学干墙结构的技术领域中的改进。例如，干墙结构是在建筑物内部布置的墙壁或天花板。特别地，本发明涉及一种用于干墙结构的声学干墙板，能够改善建筑物内部的室内声学。
普通的干墙结构包括子结构，干墙板附接到子结构上。例如，在干墙天花板中，子结构由水平布置的干墙轮廓(即金属梁轮廓)组成，通过吊架连接到原始的天花板(例如混凝土天花板)。干墙板是通过螺钉附接到干墙轮廓上。
室内声学可以通过声吸收得到改善。已知的干墙结构包括声学干墙板，所述声学干墙板具有多个穿孔(perforation)，多个穿孔在声学干墙板中成形，其中每个穿孔从一个表面延伸到相对表面，以便允许空气通过。穿孔可以是圆形的，也可以是方形的，具有不同的穿孔模式(pattern)，如连续模式、整体模式或随机模式(杂散模式)。在一个具体的例子中，干墙板是石膏板，穿孔部分占总表面积约在9-25％之间。
在天花板上，使用特定的技术来安置相邻的干墙板的穿孔，以便在整个天花板表面上提供穿孔图案的连续视觉外观。
由于空气可以穿过所述穿孔，在空气介质中传播的声音可以穿过穿孔的干墙板后面的空间。在房间中传播的声波可以进入所附接的干墙板后面的空间，以在所述干墙板与所述原始的天花板之间的空间中衰减。这允许声吸收，特别是当在所述干墙板和原始的天花板之间设置有声吸收材料(如多孔材料、涤纶仿毛、矿物棉、三聚氰胺树脂泡沫或多孔石膏)的时候。还可以将覆盖羊毛(fleece)材料作为声音可渗透的衬里布置到下表面，以提供视觉上封闭的外观。
用于墙壁的另一种常见的干墙结构是一种面向框架，面向框架具有子结构，子结构具有垂直布置的干墙轮廓，干墙板附接到干墙轮廓上。在具有封闭表面的结构中，一个单开口对隔音性能具有越来越坏的影响。然而，在两层结构的情况下，这样的开口可以改善隔音效果。
对于干墙结构，隔音值[dB]是在从63Hz到4000Hz的频率范围内确定的，这在建筑物内部是声学相关的。隔音特性由共振频率fres和重合频率fgr决定。通过增加单位面积的质量来改善隔音效果，从而降低共振频率fres，使之超出与室内声学有关的范围。能进一步提高隔音效果的原因是增加了石膏板的柔度(flexibility)，从而增加了重合频率fgr。通过增加柔度，可以将重合频率提高到声学上不临界的区域。
隔音石膏板的一个特别例子是产品“Knauf Silentboard”，该产品具有高的单位面积质量17.5kg/m2(厚度12.5mm)，而标准石膏板产品为8.5kg/m2，例如“Knauf GKB”。
与现有技术相关的一个问题是，与包括穿孔板(吸声)的干墙结构相关的优点不能将包括质量增加(声衰减)的声学石膏板的干墙结构的相关优点结合起来，因为所述穿孔将减少单位面积的质量，反过来所述穿孔会对隔音性能产生负面影响。
在石膏板中很难形成穿孔，所述穿孔是通过同时打出多个小孔来实现的。与此相关的问题是相邻穿孔之间的桥接段断裂或穿孔边缘部分断裂。因此，人们只知道在单位面积质量较低(即具有低密度或小厚度)的干墙板上提供穿孔。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种声学干墙板和一种墙结构，所述干墙结构包括这种克服了现有技术中已知的缺点的声学干墙板。特别地，本发明的目的是提供一种声学干墙板，允许通过声吸收以及对撞击声和空气传声的隔音来改善声学效果。
本发明提供一种用于在干墙结构中应用的声学干墙板，所述声学干墙板是作为未穿孔的板时每1mm厚的单位面积质量大于1.2kg/m2(每12mm为12kg/m2)。所述声学干墙板包括多个穿孔，所述穿孔在声学干墙板中形成，每个穿孔通过所述声学干墙板延伸以允许空气的穿透。
所述声学干墙板通过在板上形成穿孔以克服现有技术中已知的缺点，对比布置在吸声干墙结构中的已知穿孔板，所述板具有更高的单位面积质量。这允许提供声吸收以及与关于撞击声和空气传声的隔音相关的方面的改进。令人惊讶的是，所产生的板并没有在穿孔之间的桥接部分或在穿孔本身的边缘处发生断裂。术语“作为未穿孔的板”应理解为未穿孔的板的单位面积质量，即所述干墙板在被打孔前的单位面积质量。
有利地，作为未穿孔的板时单位面积质量是大于12kg/m2每12mm厚或1.2kg/m2每1mm厚，尤其地大于17kg/m2每12mm厚(1.7kg/m2每1.2mm或1.4kg/m2每1mm)。特别地，是每12mm17.5kg/m2是已知的影响隔音的石膏板。
有利地，所述的声学干墙板是石膏板，但也可以是石膏纤维板或水泥板。所述石膏板包括在外侧的纸张层，所述外侧即纸张表面，石膏板中间设置有石膏材料芯层。
根据一个方面，声学干墙板是石膏板，其中石膏材料包括石灰或BaSO4。在石膏板生产过程中加入石灰或BaSO4，增加了石膏板的柔度。这允许在一定程度上增加附接的石膏板的重合频率，以便超出与室内声学相关的范围。
优选地，所述穿孔为方形，每个方形穿孔的边长为5至15mm，且其中相邻的穿孔布置成中心到中心之间的距离为20到30mm。在一个特殊的例子中，所述方形穿孔的边缘长度为12mm，且布置成中心到中心之间的距离为25mm。这些尺寸已表明可以允许良好地生产石膏板。
根据另一优选方案，所述穿孔为圆形，每个圆形穿孔的直径为15至25mm，其中相邻的穿孔布置成中心到中心之间的距离为35到45mm，在一个特殊的例子中，所述圆形穿孔直径为20mm，布置成中心到中心之间的距离为42mm。这些尺寸表现出可以良好地生产石膏板。
另一个有利的实施例涉及由多孔材料填充的穿孔。多孔材料可以在生产干墙板时或在施工现场施工时填充到穿孔中。这允许提供具有封闭表面的声学板，这在视觉方面是优选的。
特别地优选的多孔材料包括作为材料的炭或珍珠岩。这两种材料都是足够多孔的，以允许声音通过那里传播。
本发明的另一个方面涉及包括本文所述的声学干墙板的干墙结构。干墙结构可以是墙结构，也可以是天花板结构。通常，这些结构包括由金属梁干墙轮廓构成的子结构，所述干墙板以一种方式附接到所述子结构上，从而形成一个封闭的表面。特别优选的是，所述干墙轮廓是声学干墙轮廓，其包括在连接法兰部分或柔性法兰部分的网状部分处的皱状(corrugation)(即采用分离切割)。
优选地，所述声学干墙板以形成双层的方式布置，。双层结构使单位面积质量翻一番，以提高隔音能力。另一个有利的方面涉及所述声学干墙板的双层包括不同板的穿孔，所述穿孔以至少部分地彼此连接的方式布置。通过这种方式，由于空气可以通过连接的穿孔因此可以保持所述声吸收。
优选地，形成双层的声学干墙板是通过使用弹性热熔胶相互附接。弹性热熔胶允许在声学地解耦(decoupling)附接的干板。
根据本发明的一个有利方面，所述干墙结构包括声吸收材料。声吸收材料可以是应用于干墙板与建筑的原始的天花板或覆盖部分之间的矿物棉。
根据另一个有利方面，干墙结构包括羊毛材料。羊毛材料允许声音在其中传播，同时防止空气流动。
下面，将参照附图更详细地解释本发明。在所有附图中，相同的附图标记表示相似的特征，附图示出：
图1：根据本发明的声学干墙板。
图2：根据本发明，由四块声学干墙板组成的干墙结构。
图3：具有方形穿孔的声学干墙板。
图4：具有圆形穿孔的声学干墙板。
图5：降低空气传声的示意图。
图6：撞击隔音频率范围示意图。
图1示出了一个应用于干墙结构的声学干墙面板1。声学干墙板1是一块石膏板，作为未穿孔的板时具有单位面积质量为17.5kg/m2和厚度为12mm，在这里是指在穿孔成形(打孔)前进行确定的单位面积质量。声学干墙板1包括多个穿孔2。相邻的穿孔2通过桥接部分3连接。令人惊讶的是，虽然板的原始密度高于常用的石膏板，但是所产生的板在穿孔2之间的桥接部分3和穿孔2的边缘部分处没有断裂。在石膏板1的生产过程中添加了BaSO4，这能允许获得更大的结构柔度。
图2示出了包括图1所示的声学干墙板1的干墙结构。四个声学干墙板11、12、13、14被布置成彼此相邻。在所示的布置中，形成一个延伸到整个干墙结构的表面的连续穿孔2模式。这意味着相邻穿孔2之间的距离在桥接板11、12、13、14上没有变化。
各自的声学干墙板1以形成双层的方式布置，这意味着两块板1可以以类似三明治的方式排列。声学干墙板11、12、13、14的双层包括至少部分地以一种方式布置成相互连接的不同板的穿孔2。这使得空气能够穿透那里，使得声音就可以在那里传播。在本例中，通过使用弹性热熔胶相互连接形成双层的声学干墙板11、12、13、14。
在干墙结构11、12、13、14上，可设置如矿物棉等声吸收材料。另外，羊毛材料可以连接到声学板上，以便视觉地覆盖板和/或减少空气的穿透。
图3是具有方形穿孔的声学干墙板1的一部分。每个方形穿孔2(是方形的)，其边缘长度为12mm。在这个特定的例子中，相邻穿孔2之间从中心到中心的距离为25mm。
图4是具有圆形形状的穿孔2的声学干式壁板1的一部分。每个圆形穿孔2的直径为20mm。在这个特殊的例子中，相邻的穿孔2从中心到中心的距离是42mm。
图5示出了在50到5000Hz的频率范围内空气传声衰减，这是与室内应用相关的。空气传声衰减显示为已知穿孔隔音板(Knauf Cleaneo声学板，空心圆)和本发明的声学干墙板(穿孔的Knauf Silent板，填充三角形)。本发明的板具有与已知的声学板相同的穿孔密度和形状，但具有较高的原始密度(Knauf Cleaneo声学板:0.76kg/(m2*mm)；Knauf Silent板:1.45kg/(m2*mm))。
在最相关的频率上，本发明的石膏板的隔声量是高于Cleaneo声学板的隔声量。隔声量是较低的唯一区域是在非常高的频率范围内。然而，在这个范围内已经有非常好的能力抑制声音，因此这个缺点并不重要。
图6示出了就降低撞击声的能力而言将与图5相同的两种板类型的比较。三角形表示本发明的板的值。空心圆表示Cleaneo声学板的值。在100至3000赫兹之间的范围内，本发明板的隔声量总是高于现有技术中已知的板。因此，Rw和Lnw都比现有技术中的声学板高约2dB。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于应用在干墙结构(11、12、13、14)的声学干墙板(1)，所述声学干墙板(1)作为未穿孔的板时具有每1mm厚度大于1.2kg/m2的单位表面积质量，其中所述声学干墙板(1)包括多个穿孔(2)，多个穿孔(2)在声学干墙板(1)中成形，每个穿孔(2)是延伸穿过声学干墙板(1)以允许空气的穿透。
2.根据权利要求1所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中未穿孔的板是12mm厚，单位表面积质量超过12kg/m2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中作为未穿孔的板时每1mm厚的单位表面积质量超过1.4kg/m2。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中所述声学干墙板(1)是石膏板、石膏纤维板或水泥板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中石膏材料包括石灰或BaSO4。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中所述穿孔(2)是方形的，每个方形穿孔(2)具有5至15mm的边缘长度，相邻的穿孔(2)布置成中心到中心的距离为20至30mm。
7.根据权利要求1到6中任一项所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中穿孔是圆形的，每个圆形穿孔(2)的直径为15至25mm，并且其中相邻的穿孔(2)布置成中心到中心的距离为35至45mm。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中穿孔(2)用多孔材料填充。
9.根据权利要求8所述的声学干墙板(1)，其中所述多孔材料包括木炭或珍珠岩。
10.一种干墙结构(11、12、13、14)，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的声学干墙板(1)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的干墙结构(11、12、13、14)，其中所述声学干墙板(1)是以形成双层的方式布置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的干墙结构(11、12、13、14)，其中双层的声学干墙板(1)包括不同板的穿孔(2)，不同板的穿孔(2)是以至少部分地彼此连接的方式布置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的干墙结构(11、12、13、14)，其中形成双层的声学干墙板(1)是通过使用弹性热熔胶相互附接的。
14.根据权利要求10到13中任一项所述的干墙结构(11、12、13、14)，进一步包括声吸收材料。
15.根据权利要求10到13中任一项所述的干墙结构(11、12、13、14)，进一步包括羊毛材料。
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