CN108425160A - 一种隐身面料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种隐身面料及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108425160A CN108425160A CN201810279815.6A CN201810279815A CN108425160A CN 108425160 A CN108425160 A CN 108425160A CN 201810279815 A CN201810279815 A CN 201810279815A CN 108425160 A CN108425160 A CN 108425160A
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical group CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical class [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003508 Dilauryl thiodipropionate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019304 dilauryl thiodipropionate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001821 foam rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/08—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for forming hollow filaments
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- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明的目的是提供一种耐久的具有电磁波吸收和屏蔽作用,且低成本、低维护、长寿命的隐身面料。其特征在于:所述面料为双层结构,包括面料层和里层,所述面料层与里层依次复合固定;所述面料层由隐身纤维构成,隐身纤维为中空纤维表面涂敷有隐身材料形成的薄膜层,内部喷洒有隐身粉末。本发明通过内喷洒和外涂敷两种方式将不同的隐身原料附着于中空纤维上,提高了吸波性能以及耐久性。吸波范围为8‑75GHz宽频波段频率范围内吸收率达30db以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种功能性面料领域,具体为隐身面料。
背景技术
现代战争中,吸波材料的技术发展是提高隐身技术的关键技术之一。吸波材料的功能原理是将入射的电磁波的能量转化成热能损耗掉,从而避免电磁波的反射。若要实现这种对电磁波的高效率吸收必须满足两个条件:首先电磁波能够进入到吸波材料内部而不会在入射表面发生强烈的反射;其次进入到材料内部的电磁波被高效率地转化成热能。常见的吸波材料集中于铁氧体、金属粉末、陶瓷、导电聚合物及碳材料上,其主要的吸波机 制归结为电阻损耗,磁损耗和介质损耗。随着现代科学的发展,对吸波隐身材料提出了“薄、轻、宽、强”等性能方面更高的要求,制备满足上述要求的新型复合吸波粉体具有重要的 科学意义及实用价值。
吸波材料又称隐身或伪装材料,是对波反射非常小的材料。波的吸收主要通过两种方式:一是谐振,即当材料的厚度等于波波长的1/4时,通过谐振减少波的反射。二是搀杂,通过在材料中加入电损耗或磁损耗物质,利用电 损耗物质在电磁场作用下传导电流受到有限电导率的限制,使进入材料的波转换成热能而损耗掉。或利用磁损耗物质内部偶极子在电磁场下运动受限定磁导率限制而使电磁能转换成热能。
目前,泡沫型吸波材料在隐身和屏蔽方面,多在泡沫塑料、 泡沫橡胶和泡沫陶瓷的基础上进行研究,或在环氧树脂加碳纤维和铁氧体做吸收剂,制作成涂料型、贴片型、层板型和泡沫型。如欧洲GAMMA公司推出的一种新型波吸收涂料,采用多晶铁 纤维做吸收剂,重量轻,且可在很宽的频带范围实现高效吸收雷 达波。美国目前生产并出口欧洲的隐身涂料,能在2--18GHz频率范围内吸收率达12--25db。日本利用铁氧体类吸收材料与灰浆混合作为墙面涂料,用于电磁波的屏蔽等等。相对而言,上述吸波 材料的加工工艺复杂,技术要求严格,而且制作成本高。
例如中国专利CN103158299A(申请人是中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学)公开了一种雷达与红外兼容隐身材料及其制备方法,其特征在于,所述隐身材料从上到下依次包括金属型容性频率选择表面层、中间介质层、电阻型容性频率选择表面层和介质基底层;所述金属型容性频率选择表面层和电阻型容性频率选择表面层均为矩阵式结构,所述金属型容性频率选择表面层选用的金属为具有低红外发射率的金属;所述中间介质层和介质基底层的介电常数为3~10,介电损耗为0.01~0.50。该技术方案雷达与红外兼容隐身材料的结构无法直接承载到设备或服装上,如果要承载,也要花费一定的工艺和时间成本。另外,涂层涂料的选择也没有经过改进,不符合环境保护要求。
再例如中国专利CN101995187A公开了红外、雷达新型一体化隐身织物,特征在于从外向内依次包括红外迷彩面层以及抗静电底层(1),所述红外迷彩面层从外向内依次包括红外隐身层、织物层(2)以及雷达波吸收衰减层(3),所述红外隐身层由利用红外隐身涂料所涂成的涂层(4)以及设置于涂层表面的磁控溅射ITO薄膜(5)复合而成,所述雷达波吸收衰减层(3)包括海绵体,海绵体上吸附有吸波材料。该技术方案披露的织物具有两层结构,包括红外隐身层、雷达波吸收衰减层(3),但是这三层结构中,织物层本身为普通的织物,红外隐身层由利用红外隐身涂料所涂成的涂层以及设置于涂层表面的磁控溅射ITO薄膜复合,雷达波吸收衰减层包括海绵体,海绵体上吸附有吸波材料。该技术方案结构过于简单,对于使用寿命以及使用效果都有待考量,吸波材料吸附在海绵体上,这样的结构设置不利于吸波材料发挥作用,屏蔽效果不够。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耐久的具有电磁波吸收和屏蔽作用,且低成本、低 维护、长寿命的隐身面料。
一种隐身面料,其特征在于:所述面料为双层结构,包括面料层和里层,所述面料层与里层依次复合固定;所述面料层由隐身纤维构成,隐身纤维为中空纤维表面涂敷有隐身材料形成的薄膜层,内部含有隐身粉末。
隐身纤维的制造方法,其特征在于,所述中空纤维的直径为7~1000μm;纤维壁厚度≤34nm的,具体步骤如下:
(1)将切片原料加入溶剂制成纺丝原液,所述切片原料为含水量小于0.01% 的PET 切片和PBT切片;
(2)将100-200质量份碳纳米管、20-30质量份聚氧化乙烯、1-8质量份钛酸酯、5-16质量份聚乙烯醇在高剪切力作用下砂磨分散30分钟,使物料细度小于30um,控制常压和温度80~90℃,维持作用时间5.5小时,得到隐身粉末;
中空纤维的纺制:中空纤维的纺制过程是采用干喷湿纺法,计量泵转速为 11-20r/min,纺丝压力为0.2-0.3Mpa,将浆液从两个同心管组成的喷丝头挤出,经70mm的干纺程后,在温度为25℃的二甲基甲酰胺含量为10-13%的水溶液中凝固,初生中空纤维膜经三道拉伸、二道水洗,以45m/min的速度卷绕,制得中空纤维,在此纺丝过程中,喷丝头内腔喷洒隐身粉末,压力为2.5×10-3MPa。
(3)将3-15质量份TiCl4、8-11质量份聚乙二醇、7-20质量份羧甲基纤维素钠、5-15质量份壳聚糖、0.5-5质量份海藻酸盐混合,海藻酸盐是水溶液形态,于常温下将海藻酸盐溶于水制得,其聚合度为100-700,水溶液质量分数为2-10%,高速搅拌得到溶胶;海藻酸盐为海藻酸钠。
(4)将步骤(2)得到的中空纤维浸渍在步骤(3)得到的溶胶液中,形成表面薄膜结构,然后干燥,干燥方式为自然晾干或溶剂置换后干燥,薄膜厚度为1-6 um。
步骤(1)所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、碳酸乙烯酯、硫氰酸钠、氧化锌或硫代二丙酸二月桂酯中的至少一种
所述中空纤维为10~100μm的多壁管、3~10μm的少壁管、3~5μm双壁管、0.3~3μm单壁管中的一种或多种复合物。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明通过TiCl4、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、壳聚糖以及海藻酸盐形成自重组的溶胶体系,然后附着在中空纤维聚酯表面,具有结构稳定,良好的吸波性能以及耐久性;
(2)中空纤维有更多的控制因素可改变纤维的结构和性能,可通过控制中空纤维的结构及纤维壁上微孔的孔径可以有效的附着吸波材料;中空纤维内部的空腔也可以置入吸波物质,本发明的隐身中空纤维的 制备方法则是将隐身粉末通过中空纤维制备时使用的喷洒方式加入中空纤维。对于实现隐身中空纤维的连续化生产有重要的实用价值。
(3)采用聚合度为100-700,水溶液质量分数为2-10%的海藻酸盐,尤其是海藻酸钠,能够比其他成分更利于形成自重组溶胶体系,提高附着性能。
本发明通过内喷洒和外涂敷两种方式将不同的隐身原料附着于中空纤维上,提高了吸波性能以及耐久性。
(4)本发明的吸波范围为8-75GHz宽频波段频率范围内吸收率达30db以上。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种隐身面料,其特征在于:所述面料为双层结构,包括面料层和里层,所述面料层与里层依次复合固定;所述面料层由隐身纤维构成。其中隐身纤维的制造方法为:
(1)将300重量份的切片原料加入1000重量份的二甲基甲酰胺溶剂制成纺丝原液,所述切片原料为含水量小于0.01% 的PET 切片和PBT切片;
(2)将100质量份碳纳米管、30质量份聚氧化乙烯、8质量份钛酸酯、16质量份聚乙烯醇在高剪切力作用下砂磨分散30分钟,使物料细度为20um,控制常压和温度90℃,维持作用时间5.5小时,得到隐身粉末;
中空纤维的纺制:中空纤维的纺制过程是采用干喷湿纺法,计量泵转速为 11r/min,纺丝压力为0.3Mpa,将浆液从两个同心管组成的喷丝头挤出,经70mm的干纺程后,在温度为25℃的二甲基甲酰胺含量为13%的水溶液中凝固,初生中空纤维膜经三道拉伸、二道水洗,以45m/min的速度卷绕,制得中空纤维,在此纺丝过程中,喷丝头内腔喷洒隐身粉末,压力为2.5×10-3MPa。
(3)将3质量份TiCl4、11质量份聚乙二醇、20质量份羧甲基纤维素钠、15质量份壳聚糖、5质量份海藻酸盐混合,海藻酸盐是水溶液形态,于常温下将海藻酸盐溶于水制得,其聚合度为700,水溶液质量分数为10%,高速搅拌得到溶胶;海藻酸盐为海藻酸钠。
(4)将步骤(2)得到的中空纤维浸渍在步骤(3)得到的溶胶液中,形成表面薄膜结构,然后干燥,干燥方式为自然晾干或溶剂置换后干燥,薄膜厚度为4 um。
实施例2
一种隐身面料,其特征在于:所述面料为双层结构,包括面料层和里层,所述面料层与里层依次复合固定;所述面料层由隐身纤维构成。其中隐身纤维的制造方法为:
(1)将300重量份切片原料加入1000重量份的硫代二丙酸二月桂酯溶剂制成纺丝原液,所述切片原料为含水量小于0.01% 的PET 切片和PBT切片;
(2)将100质量份碳纳米管、20质量份聚氧化乙烯、1质量份钛酸酯、5质量份聚乙烯醇在高剪切力作用下砂磨分散30分钟,使物料细度15um,控制常压和温度80℃,维持作用时间5.5小时,得到隐身粉末;
中空纤维的纺制:中空纤维的纺制过程是采用干喷湿纺法,计量泵转速为 20r/min,纺丝压力为0.3Mpa,将浆液从两个同心管组成的喷丝头挤出,经70mm的干纺程后,在温度为25℃的二甲基甲酰胺含量为10%的水溶液中凝固,初生中空纤维膜经三道拉伸、二道水洗,以45m/min的速度卷绕,制得中空纤维,在此纺丝过程中,喷丝头内腔喷洒隐身粉末,压力为2.5×10-3MPa。
(3)将3质量份TiCl4、8质量份聚乙二醇、7质量份羧甲基纤维素钠、5质量份壳聚糖、0.5质量份海藻酸盐混合,海藻酸盐是水溶液形态,于常温下将海藻酸盐溶于水制得,其聚合度为100,水溶液质量分数为2%,高速搅拌得到溶胶;海藻酸盐为海藻酸钠。
(4)将步骤(2)得到的中空纤维浸渍在步骤(3)得到的溶胶液中,形成表面薄膜结构,然后干燥,干燥方式为自然晾干或溶剂置换后干燥,薄膜厚度为6 um。
比较例1
喷头内腔不喷洒隐身粉末,其余同实施例1。
比较例2
采用聚合度为900,水溶液质量分数为30%的海藻酸钾,替代实施例1的海藻酸钠水溶液,其余与实施例1相同。
比较例3
不添加20质量份聚氧化乙烯、1质量份钛酸酯、5质量份聚乙烯醇,仅添加碳纳米管,其他同实施例2。
表1 隐身面料性能测量
比电阻Ω.cm | 8-75GHz宽频波段衰减量(db) | 20次洗涤后比电阻Ω.cm | 20次洗涤后宽频波段衰减量db | |
实施例1 | 1.1*103 | 36 | 5*103 | 23 |
实施例2 | 1.5*103 | 35 | 6.3*103 | 21 |
比较例1 | 4.2*104 | 17 | 8.9*104 | 11 |
比较例2 | 3.2*103 | 31 | 3.1*104 | 15 |
比较例3 | 8.4*103 | 21 | 2.8*104 | 10 |
由此可知,当内部未喷洒隐身粉末时,吸波性能、电阻性能都明显差于本发明的技术方案,当外部未形成有效溶胶层膜结构时,洗涤多次后吸波性能和电阻性能下降明显。
Claims (6)
1.一种隐身面料,其特征在于:所述面料为双层结构,包括面料层和里层,所述面料层与里层依次复合固定;所述面料层由隐身纤维构成,隐身纤维为中空纤维表面涂敷有隐身材料形成的薄膜层,内部含有隐身粉末。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的隐身面料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述中空纤维的直径为7~1000μm,具体制造步骤如下:
(1)将切片原料加入溶剂制成纺丝原液,所述切片原料为含水量小于0.01% 的PET 切片和PBT切片;
(2)将100-200质量份碳纳米管、20-30质量份聚氧化乙烯、1-8质量份钛酸酯、5-16质量份聚乙烯醇在高剪切力作用下砂磨分散30分钟,使物料细度小于30um,控制常压和温度80~90℃,维持作用时间5.5小时,得到隐身粉末;
中空纤维的纺制:中空纤维的纺制过程是采用干喷湿纺法,计量泵转速为 11-20r/min,纺丝压力为0.2-0.3Mpa,将浆液从两个同心管组成的喷丝头挤出,经70mm的干纺程后,在温度为25℃的二甲基甲酰胺含量为10-13%的水溶液中凝固,初生中空纤维膜经三道拉伸、二道水洗,以45m/min的速度卷绕,制得中空纤维,在此纺丝过程中,喷丝头内腔喷洒隐身粉末,压力为2.5×10-3MPa。
3.(3)将3-15质量份TiCl4、8-11质量份聚乙二醇、7-20质量份羧甲基纤维素钠、5-15质量份壳聚糖、0.5-5质量份海藻酸盐混合,高速搅拌得到溶胶;
(4)将步骤(2)得到的中空纤维浸渍在步骤(3)得到的溶胶液中,形成表面薄膜结构,然后干燥,干燥方式为自然晾干或溶剂置换后干燥,薄膜厚度为1-6 um。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、碳酸乙烯酯、硫氰酸钠、氧化锌或硫代二丙酸二月桂酯中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中空纤维为10~100μm的多壁管、3~10μm的少壁管、3~5μm双壁管、0.3~3μm单壁管中的一种或多种复合物。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,海藻酸盐为海藻酸钠。
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CN110055752A (zh) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 中国人民解放军东部战区总医院 | 一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料及其制备方法 |
CN110055752B (zh) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-06-02 | 中国人民解放军东部战区总医院 | 一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料及其制备方法 |
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