CN110055752B - 一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微光‑红外隐身纺织材料,包括:红外隐身合成纤维布基层、金属层和无氟防水保护膜层;其中所述红外隐身合成纤维布基层为采用红外隐身纤维制成的织物,所述金属层是将红外隐身合成纤维布基层采用电沉积法沉积金属Ga层和Zn层,所述无氟防水保护膜层设置在金属层之上。本发明所制备的微光‑红外隐身纺织材料具有优异的低红外发射率和微光隐身效果,同时轻薄、耐磨蚀、抗冲击、抗切割韧性高、防污性能良好,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料领域,特别涉及一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,现代电子技术和先进探测***的迅猛发展,极大拓展了战争中搜索、跟踪目标 的能力,作战士兵和武器装备所受到的威胁日益严重。为了提高武器装备的生存能力,增强 其作战效能,使其难以被敌方发现、识别、跟踪和攻击,隐身技术应运而生。采用隐身技术, 如通过改变目标外部结构,或进行表面涂装,或伪装处理,降低目标的可探测信号特征,使 敌方的探测、制导、侦察***失去功效,从而尽可能地隐蔽自己,掌握战场的主动权。因此, 隐身技术作为提高武器***生存、突防及纵深打击能力的有效手段,已成为世界强国角逐军 事高新技术的热点之一。
夜间观察经常会使用到微光夜视仪和红外夜视仪,但是现在隐身材料多是以红外隐身为 主,例如中国专利CN106383376A公开了一种红外隐身材料,所述红外隐身材料由多层膜叠 加而成;所述多层膜包括交替设置的厚度分别为四分之一中心波长的YbF3膜与ZnSe膜。与 现有技术相比,本发明以ZnSe和YbF3为基材,由于两种基材的折射率存在高低差异性,设 计时采用每层四分之一中心波长厚度分别叠加镀制多层组合薄膜结构,薄膜结构所有界面上 反射的光束,当它们回到前表面时具有相同相位,从而产生相长干涉,可以实现对相应中心 波长红外能量的高反射;该红外隐身材料不会对雷达波的传输产生负面影响,具有良好的雷 达隐身兼容性。针对微光夜视仪一般采用在材料表面涂敷迷彩色彩,同背景进行混同的方式 进行隐身,但这种方式对于远距离有一定的效果,近距离效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料,并提供上述材 料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料,包括:红 外隐身合成纤维布基层、金属层和无氟防水保护膜层;其中所述红外隐身合成纤维布基层为 采用红外隐身纤维制成的织物,所述金属层是将红外隐身合成纤维布基层采用电沉积法沉积 金属Ga层和Zn层,所述无氟防水保护膜层设置在金属层之上。
进一步的,红外隐身纤维采用高分子基体材料、金属粉末添加剂和偶联剂制成,所述高 分子基体材料:金属粉末添加剂:偶联剂的重量比为100:35~40:6~8。
进一步的,高分子基体材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺或聚乙烯。
进一步的,金属粉末添加剂为Al/NiO复合粒子,为铝粉表面包覆一层NiO。
进一步的,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
进一步的,无氟防水保护膜层的厚度为0.02~0.05mm。
一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将高分子基体材料在温度为120~130℃、时间为15~24h下进行干燥,然后按比例将 干燥的高分子基体材料、金属粉末添加剂和偶联剂混合搅拌均匀,用螺杆挤压机将其熔融、 过滤、纺丝,细流冷却成型、拉伸、热定型后制得红外隐身纤维;
(2)将红外隐身纤维经过展丝,在均匀、平行和挺直排列后,使用改性聚氨酯胶黏剂进行上 胶,在60~80℃烘干得到红外隐身纤维无纬布,即红外隐身合成纤维布基层;
(3)将红外隐身纤维无纬布浸泡在含Ga离子或Zn离子的电解质中进行恒电流电沉积,红 外隐身纤维无纬布为阴极,铂金属为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极;在红外隐身纤维无纬 布表面依次沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层;
(4)将沉积金属的红外隐身纤维无纬布浸渍于无氟防水整理液中,紫外光固化,清洗、干燥 后得到微光-红外隐身纺织材料。
进一步的,步骤1中螺杆挤压机的转速为30~70转/分,压力为30~100公斤/cm2,螺杆 加温区域中一区温度为210~260℃、二区温度为230~280℃、三区温度为240~300℃、四 区温度为260~310℃。
进一步的,步骤3中通电电流密度为200~300mA/cm2,通电时间为40~60s。
进一步的,步骤3中Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层的厚度分别为20nm、30nm、20nm、30nm。
本申请所制备的微光-红外隐身纺织材料在纤维布纤维中加入低红外发射率的添加剂, Al/NiO复合粒子使添加剂均匀分布在纤维中,同时纤维采用无纬布的织法进行纤维编织,形 成低红外发射率功能持久、轻薄同时耐磨蚀、抗冲击、抗切割韧性高的纤维布基层。在纤维 布基层表面用恒电流沉积法沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层,纤维布基层被金属浸入,同时多层金属形 成光子晶体结构,能较好地模拟周围物体的自然反光,从而使纺织材料制成的物品轮廓线变 得模糊,让微光夜视仪难以将其与周围环境区分开,使得隐身纺织材料具备微光隐身效果。
本发明所制备的微光-红外隐身纺织材料具有优异的低红外发射率和微光隐身效果,同时 轻薄、耐磨蚀、抗冲击、抗切割韧性高、防污性能良好,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案,下面将结合本申请的实施例,对本申 请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分 的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出 创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料包括:红外隐身合成纤维布基层、金属层和无氟防水保护膜 层。采用以下步骤制备:
一、红外隐身合成纤维布基层的制备:
(1)将高分子基体材料在温度为120~130℃、时间为15~24h下进行干燥,然后按比 例将干燥的高分子基体材料、金属粉末添加剂和偶联剂混合搅拌均匀,高分子基体材料:金 属粉末添加剂:偶联剂的重量比为100:35~40:6~8,用螺杆挤压机将其熔融、过滤、纺 丝,细流冷却成型、拉伸、热定型后制得红外隐身纤维。
螺杆挤压机的转速为30~70转/分,压力为30~100公斤/cm2,螺杆加温区域中一区温度 为210~260℃、二区温度为230~280℃、三区温度为240~300℃、四区温度为260~310℃。
过滤过程中过滤网的密度为50~200目。
纺丝过程中纺丝速度为500~1000m/分钟。
拉伸的温度::热盘为50~70℃,热板为115~145℃;拉伸倍率为2.0~5.0倍,拉伸速度为100~250m/分钟。
热定型温度为95~165℃,时间为5~25分钟。
(2)将红外隐身纤维经过展丝,在均匀、平行和挺直排列后,使用改性聚氨酯胶黏剂进 行上胶,在60~80℃烘干得到红外隐身纤维无纬布,即红外隐身合成纤维布基层。
高分子基体材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺或聚乙烯。
金属粉末添加剂为Al/NiO复合粒子,为铝粉表面包覆一层NiO。Al/NiO复合粒子采用 以下步骤制备:取Ni(NO3)2·6H2O及CO(NH2)2溶于蒸馏水,配置成混合溶液,加入十 二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液和铝粉,混合均匀,超声分散,加热到90℃12h。冷却后抽滤干燥,制 得Al/Ni2CO3(OH)2复合粒子,将Al/Ni2CO3(OH)2于马弗炉中加热到400℃恒温煅烧2h, 制得Al/NiO复合粒子。
Al/NiO复合粒子的平均粒径为10nm,平均红外发射率为0.5434。
红外隐身合成纤维布基层的平均红外发射率为0.6215。
偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
二、纤维布基层表面恒电流沉积金属层:
将红外隐身纤维无纬布浸泡在含Ga离子或Zn离子的电解质中进行恒电流电沉积,红外 隐身纤维无纬布为阴极,铂金属为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极;在红外隐身纤维无纬布 表面依次沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层,通电电流密度为200~300mA/cm2,通电时间为40~60s, Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层的厚度分别为20nm、30nm、20nm、30nm。
沉积金属层后纤维布基层的平均红外发射率为0.1535。
三、纺织材料表面防水整理:
将沉积金属的红外隐身纤维无纬布浸渍于无氟防水整理液中,紫外光固化,清洗、干燥 后得到微光-红外隐身纺织材料。
无氟防水保护膜层的厚度为0.02~0.05mm。
性能检测:
(1)红外发射率的检测:采用IR-Ⅱ型红外发射率测试仪在室温下对材料表面进行测量,红 外波长为8~14μm。
(2)微光隐身检测:将材料裁剪成10mm×10mm大小,拍摄夜晚8点到12点不同场景的图 片,打印成成1000mm×1000mm大小,在每个图片上随机不同位置粘贴30片隐身纺织材料, 在夜晚8点到12点野外无照明灯光条件下,距离1m、5m、10m用市售微光夜视仪查找隐身纺织材料,得到隐身百分比,隐身百分比=(30-查找到隐身纺织材料的数量)/30。
实施例1
(1)将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在温度为120℃、时间为20h下进行干燥,然后按质量比100: 35:6的比例将干燥的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、Al/NiO复合粒子和硅烷偶联剂混合搅拌均匀, 用螺杆挤压机将其熔融、过滤、纺丝,细流冷却成型、拉伸、热定型后制得红外隐身纤维
(2)将红外隐身纤维经过展丝,在均匀、平行和挺直排列后,使用改性聚氨酯胶黏剂进行上 胶,在60℃烘干得到红外隐身纤维无纬布,即红外隐身合成纤维布基层;
(3)将红外隐身纤维无纬布浸泡在含Ga离子或Zn离子的电解质中进行恒电流电沉积,红 外隐身纤维无纬布为阴极,铂金属为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极;电流密度为250mA/cm2, 通电时间为50s在红外隐身纤维无纬布表面依次沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层;
(4)将沉积金属的红外隐身纤维无纬布浸渍于无氟防水整理液中,紫外光固化,清洗、干燥 后得到微光-红外隐身纺织材料A1。
A1材料表面呈青色,红外发射率为0.1495,1m、5m、10m的隐身平均百分比分别为21%、 15%、9%。
实施例2
(1)将聚酰胺在温度为130℃、时间为18h下进行干燥,然后按质量比100:40:8的比例 将干燥的聚酰胺、Al/NiO复合粒子和硅烷偶联剂混合搅拌均匀,用螺杆挤压机将其熔融、过 滤、纺丝,细流冷却成型、拉伸、热定型后制得红外隐身纤维
(2)将红外隐身纤维经过展丝,在均匀、平行和挺直排列后,使用改性聚氨酯胶黏剂进行上 胶,在70℃烘干得到红外隐身纤维无纬布,即红外隐身合成纤维布基层;
(3)将红外隐身纤维无纬布浸泡在含Ga离子或Zn离子的电解质中进行恒电流电沉积,红 外隐身纤维无纬布为阴极,铂金属为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极;电流密度为200mA/cm2, 通电时间为60s在红外隐身纤维无纬布表面依次沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层;
(4)将沉积金属的红外隐身纤维无纬布浸渍于无氟防水整理液中,紫外光固化,清洗、干燥 后得到微光-红外隐身纺织材料A2。
A2材料表面呈青色,红外发射率为0.1635,1m、5m、10m的隐身平均百分比分别为22%、 16%、10%。
实施例3
(1)将聚乙烯在温度为130℃、时间为16h下进行干燥,然后按质量比100:35:7的比例 将干燥的聚乙烯、Al/NiO复合粒子和硅烷偶联剂混合搅拌均匀,用螺杆挤压机将其熔融、过 滤、纺丝,细流冷却成型、拉伸、热定型后制得红外隐身纤维
(2)将红外隐身纤维经过展丝,在均匀、平行和挺直排列后,使用改性聚氨酯胶黏剂进行上 胶,在80℃烘干得到红外隐身纤维无纬布,即红外隐身合成纤维布基层;
(3)将红外隐身纤维无纬布浸泡在含Ga离子或Zn离子的电解质中进行恒电流电沉积,红 外隐身纤维无纬布为阴极,铂金属为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极;电流密度为300mA/cm2, 通电时间为40s在红外隐身纤维无纬布表面依次沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层;
(4)将沉积金属的红外隐身纤维无纬布浸渍于无氟防水整理液中,紫外光固化,清洗、干燥 后得到微光-红外隐身纺织材料A3。
A3材料表面呈青色,红外发射率为0.1575,1m、5m、10m的隐身平均百分比分别为19%、 14%、8%。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员 来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等 同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料,其特征在于包括:红外隐身合成纤维布基层、金属层和无氟防水保护膜层;其中所述红外隐身合成纤维布基层为采用红外隐身纤维制成的织物,所述金属层是将红外隐身合成纤维布基层采用电沉积法沉积金属Ga层和Zn层,所述无氟防水保护膜层设置在金属层之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微光-红外隐身纺织材料,其特征在于:所述红外隐身纤维采用高分子基体材料、金属粉末添加剂和偶联剂制成,所述高分子基体材料:金属粉末添加剂:偶联剂的重量比为100:35~40:6~8。
3.根据权利要求2所述的微光-红外隐身纺织材料,其特征在于:所述高分子基体材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺或聚乙烯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的微光-红外隐身纺织材料,其特征在于:所述金属粉末添加剂为Al/NiO复合粒子,为铝粉表面包覆一层NiO。
5.根据权利要求2所述的微光-红外隐身纺织材料,其特征在于:所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的微光-红外隐身纺织材料,其特征在于:所述无氟防水保护膜层的厚度为0.02~0.05mm。
7.一种微光-红外隐身纺织材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将高分子基体材料在温度为120~130℃、时间为15~24h下进行干燥,然后按比例将干燥的高分子基体材料、金属粉末添加剂和偶联剂混合搅拌均匀,用螺杆挤压机将其熔融、过滤、纺丝,细流冷却成型、拉伸、热定型后制得红外隐身纤维;
(2)将红外隐身纤维经过展丝,在均匀、平行和挺直排列后,使用改性聚氨酯胶黏剂进行上胶,在60~80℃烘干得到红外隐身纤维无纬布,即红外隐身合成纤维布基层;
(3)将红外隐身纤维无纬布浸泡在含Ga离子或Zn离子的电解质中进行恒电流电沉积,红外隐身纤维无纬布为阴极,铂金属为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极;在红外隐身纤维无纬布表面依次沉积Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层;
(4)将沉积金属的红外隐身纤维无纬布浸渍于无氟防水整理液中,紫外光固化,清洗、干燥后得到微光-红外隐身纺织材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中螺杆挤压机的转速为30~70转/分,压力为30~100公斤/cm2,螺杆加温区域中一区温度为210~260℃、二区温度为230~280℃、三区温度为240~300℃、四区温度为260~310℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中通电电流密度为200~300mA/cm2,通电时间为40~60s。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中Ga-Zn-Ga-Zn层的厚度分别为20nm、30nm、20nm、30nm。
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