CN108398823A - 显示装置 - Google Patents
显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108398823A CN108398823A CN201810122513.8A CN201810122513A CN108398823A CN 108398823 A CN108398823 A CN 108398823A CN 201810122513 A CN201810122513 A CN 201810122513A CN 108398823 A CN108398823 A CN 108398823A
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Classifications
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- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种显示装置(1),所要解决的问题是,提出一种解决方案,通过该解决方案产生一种可一体化到表面中的显示装置(1),尤其提供所述显示装置(1)周围表面与所述显示装置(1)本身之间的无缝变迁和一体化外观,并且因此让显示装置(1)的观看者看起来它是表面的一部分。该问题的解决方案在于,在显示器(3)表面与盖面(2)之间布置电调色膜(6),在围绕显示器(3)周围的区域中布置一个或多个漫射片(4),并且在至少一个漫射片(4)上或在所述漫射片(4)后面布置光源(5)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种显示装置,所述显示装置具有用于呈现信息的显示器和布置在所述显示器上的盖面。
背景技术
在许多技术领域中,显示器以不同设计用于呈现或显示信息。作为例子的例如可以有高保真电器、计算机、家用电器或机器等装置和设备以及生产车间中的机器和设备等。通常这些显示器布置在所谓的显示装置中,所述显示装置除真正的显示器外例如还包括用于定位或保持、保护和驱控显示器的构件。
在车辆中使用这类显示装置同样是已知的,例如以便向驾驶员指示关于车辆的操作状态的信息,如速度、发动机转速、发动机温度、油箱液位。此外,还可呈现关于车辆中的部件如音响***、空调***或导航***等等的附加信息。
除纯呈现信息外,显示器或显示装置的外观设计变得越来越重要。原始设备制造商例如一直努力使装配在车辆中的显示器适配于车辆外观设计或将它一体化到其中,例如使显示器在表面上显现为透明或不可见。
原始设备制造商(OEM)在此指的是在自己的工厂中生产但通常不将其产品在零售贸易中出售的部件或产品制造商(除汽车工业中的少数制造商之外)。
在车辆驾驶舱中使用的显示装置的一种已知设计是,在所谓的黑色面板效果下显现暗色或黑色的显示器。
然而,车辆制造者和原始设备制造商一直努力在车辆中能够到处显示信息,例如在任意表面上。针对此需要的显示装置应给出这种印象,即,信息简单地显现或显示在可位于仪表板或车辆其他区域的任意区域中的平坦表面上。
在现有技术中使用的显示器不能满足这些要求。因此,例如一体化到装饰表面中的显示装置通常作为显示装置明显地可见并且看起来不是一体化的,因为显示装置通过显示器和/或边框而从其周围环境明显突出。因此,希望显示装置与周围环境之间无缝地过渡。
从US2004041504已知了一种无边框的电子显示器。该显示器包括电子显示器装置,所述电子显示器装置包括图像显示区段和在图像显示区段之外的另一区段;扁平盖,所述扁平盖包括可透光的第一区段和在第一区段之外的第二区段;以及外壳,所述外壳包括开口端,其中电子显示器装置安装在外壳中并且盖将无边框的外壳的开口端封闭。
此外已公开了盖的第一区段覆盖显示器装置的图像显示区段,盖的第二区段覆盖显示器装置的另一区段,并且盖的第一区段和第二区段包括光学特性,所述光学特性被选择成使得在显示器装置不呈现任何图像或变暗时在无边框情况下显现均匀覆盖的外观。此外,第一区段的光学特性也在被显示在电子显示器装置的图像显示区段上的图像的可透过性方面做了选择。盖的第二区段具有不同于第一区段的光学特性,所述第二区段的光学特性被选择成使得盖的第二区段掩盖显示器装置的另一区段并且给出不透明的、变暗的边缘的外观。
从EP 2618200 B1已知一种显示面板,所述显示面板具有第一基板、面向第一基板的第二基板和布置在第二基板上并限定多个子像素的多个分隔壁。
此外已公开,显示面板包括布置在第二基板上的不透明的绝缘层,其中,不透明的绝缘层包括电介质层和布置在电介质层上的不透明的液体元件。显示面板还具有多个着色的液体元件,所述多个着色的液体元件对应于单个子像素中的每一个并且布置在不透明的绝缘层与第一基板之间,其中,着色的液体元件是导电的或透光的极性着色溶液,并且,设置有多个像素电极,所述多个像素电极分别对应于单个子像素中的一个并且布置在第二基板与不透明的绝缘层之间。
此外设置,像素电极是黑色且不透明的,而透明的绝缘层包括透明的电介质层,所述透明的电介质层布置在第二基板上;以及白色的不透明液体元件,所述白色的不透明液体元件分别对应于单个子像素中的一个并且布置在透明的电介质层上,其中,着色的液体元件和白色的透明液体元件在单个子像素中是不能混溶的;或者像素电极是白色且不透明的,而不透明的绝缘层包括透明的电介质层,所述透明的电介质层布置在第二基板上;以及黑色的不透明液体元件,所述黑色的不透明液体元件分别对应于单个子像素中的一个并且布置在透明的电介质层上,而黑色的不透明液体元件和着色的液体元件是不能混溶的。
W003067014公开了一种窗口元件,所述窗口元件包括至少一个板状元件和具有被设计用于图像再现的至少一个表面(显示器)的至少部分地透明的元件,所述至少一个表面(显示器)是板状元件的一部分,其中,第一状态设置成显示器被打开,在显示器被关闭的第二状态中板状元件至少部分地透光,其中,板状元件包括至少一个与投射仪无关的图像产生显示器,并且,在显示器打开的第一状态中,图像元件在显示器中形成并且这些图像元件在板状元件上被反映。在此设置,发光二极管用于该显示器。
此外设置,尤其采用照明器件的在时间上和/或颜色上的散射性并且设置中间层,所述中间层可从透明状态转换成不透明或镜面反射状态。
从DE102013021330已知一种用于电子操作元件、尤其用于机动车辆内部中的电子操作元件的受照明的显示器装置,其中,所述显示器装置包括面向操作员的显示区域并且显示区域在此被形成用于显示各种图标,为此而具有多个图标图样和至少一个光源,其中,为可显示的每个图标分配一个图标图样和光源,并且,每个图标图样具有投射区域,所述投射区域被构造为,将照射在该区域上的光作为要显示的图标投射到显示区域中。
此外设置,为了显示图标,来自分配给图标的光源的光可侧向地耦合到与分配给要显示的图标的图标图样中并且可在图标图样内被引导至该图标图样的投射区域,而显示器装置被构造成,使得图标图样首先作为光通道起作用并且使耦合到图标图样中的光在图标图样内侧面反射,直到光照射在图标图样的投射区域上,以便借助于该投射区域从该处投射到显示区域中以便显示图标。
此外还公开了,在至少一个图标图样之上、优选在每个图标图样之上布置至少部分地不透明且至少部分地覆盖图标图样的层,所述层尤其被构造成,使得所述层在图标图样的投射区域之外是不透明的而在图标图样的投射区域的区域中是透明的。
因此,在现有技术中不存在可被一体化到表面中并且能够适配于所述表面或周环境围从而使得在显示装置与周围环境之间实现无缝过渡的显示装置。此外不存在这样的解决方案:使得显示装置即使在关断状态中在它被一体化到其中的表面中不被感知到。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提出一种可被一体化到表面中并且克服现有技术的缺点的显示装置。尤其应提供显示装置周围表面与显示装置本身之间的无缝变迁和整体外观印象。对于观看者,处于关断状态中的显示装置应看起来是该表面的一部分,而处于接通状态中的显示装置应在显示装置本身与表面之间提供无缝的光学过渡。
该任务通过具有根据独立权利要求中的权利要求1的特征的主题来解决。在从属权利要求2至8中给出扩展构型。
本说明书指出在显示装置中或者说围绕显示器周围产生环境光效果的一种途径。环境光效果的目的是,显示装置在边缘区域中、即围绕真正的显示器周围被以适配于背景或者说显示器周围表面的颜色和亮度照明。因此,显示装置显现为一体化在周围环境或背景中并且不由于可见的边缘或边框而突出。显示装置因此看起来是被无缝地一体化到任意表面中。
因此存在一体化到车辆中的任意区域中的可能性,例如车辆的仪表板中或具有近似平坦的表面的类似区域中。
根据本发明的显示装置包括用于呈现不同信息的常用显示器,例如OLED(有机发光二极管)显示器或LCD显示器,但并不限于这些形式的显示器。
在此设置,在这类显示器的表面之上布置电调色膜和盖面。
电调色膜选择这样的颜色:根据本发明的显示装置在其无电流或关断的状态中应显现该颜色。在实例中,使用白色的电调色膜,以便提供显现白色的显示装置。
电调色膜在没有施加电压时显现白色色调并且是不透明的,使得显示装置的观看者不能看到位于电调色膜下方的显示器。
以此方式,显示装置优化地被一体化到例如白色的表面中并且几乎不能被观看者感觉到。因此,通过合适地选择电调色膜的颜色,显示装置在关断状态中可例如适配于车辆中的仪表板的表面。
如果给电调色膜施加相应的电压,则调色膜的光学特性变化并且调色膜变得透明。在这种状态下,观看者可穿过盖面和调色膜看出显示器上的信息。显示装置或者说显示器变得对观看者来说在该表面内可见。
在显示装置的一个特别实施方案中设置,盖面被这样构型:使得其光学特性从盖面的中心点出发朝向边缘变化。这样,围绕盖面周围提供一个边缘区域,所述边缘区域显现为不透明并且例如为白色。
盖面的该显现为白色的边缘区域与白色的电调色膜共同作用并改进显示装置的白色整体印象。因此,在显示装置所在的表面与显示装置本身之间的常见对比度或光学差异几乎被消除。
本发明的一个特殊优点在于,在所说明的显示装置中可使用市场上可获得的、通常在关断状态中显现暗色或黑色的标准显示器,如TFT显示器、LCD显示器或OLED显示器。因此,根据本发明的显示装置在构型上非常灵活并且能够以经济的方式制造。
根据本发明的显示装置设置有电调色膜,该调色膜使得能够通过施加电压而能够看到位于调色膜下方的显示器或者在不施加电压时防止看到。因此,在利用在关断状态下提供暗色或黑色外观的、不同的惯用显示器的情况下,能够提供以呈电调色膜的颜色、例如白色的显示装置。
在此设置,为了保护电调色膜,在调色膜上面布置盖面(玻璃层)。在一个有利的扩展构型中,该盖面在中间是透明的并且例如构造有环绕的不透明边缘区域。在此设置,边缘区域的着色程度向外增强并且适配于围绕显示装置周围的表面。
为了连接不同的表面,例如显示器的表面与电调色膜的表面和/或电调色膜的表面与盖面,有利地使用光学键合(Bond)方法。这种方法还可涉及到漫射片的表面。
在光学键合中可产生结构单元如叠堆,在光学键合中,显示装置的组成部分之间的空间例如被在折射率方面适配的物料填充,以便将这些组成部分相互连接。中间空间的这种无空气填充使得可以制造具有良好光学特性和改进的对比率的显示器。
为了减小表面与布置在该表面中的显示器之间的光学差异,例如在围绕显示器周围的区域中布置漫射片,漫射片设置有背景照明。
这种背景照明例如可借助于一个或多个光源如LED来提供。
尤其有利的是,例如借助于多个光源在漫射片中产生不同的亮度区域。以此方式可以产生从被明亮地照明的显示器出发到周围的无照明表面的几乎连续的亮度过渡,使得显示装置看起来是被一体化到表面中。
替代地,也可使用具有至少一个附接的或一体化的光源的光散射器,所述光源在光散射器的不同区域中提供不同的亮度,使得直接围绕显示器的区域比周围表面旁边的区域显现得更亮。以此方式也可以实现被照明的显示器与周围的未照明表面之间的平缓过渡。
附图说明
从以下参照对应的附图对示例性实施方案的描述得出本发明的实施方案的另外的细节、特征和优点。附图示出:
图1:根据本发明的显示装置的示意性侧视图,
图2:根据本发明的显示装置的示意性立体图,处于显示器隐藏的状态中,以及
图3:图2的显示装置的图示,处于显示器可见的状态中。
具体实施方式
图1展示了根据本发明的显示装置1的示意性侧视图。在盖面2下方布置显示器3,所述盖面布置成面向未示出的观看者并且是基本上透明的。这种显示器3可例如被构造为有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器或类似显示器。为了驱控显示器3,设置相应的布线以及控制装备,它们在图1中未示出。
在显示器3与盖面2之间布置电调色膜6。该调色膜6具有在无电压状态中(即没有外部电压施加给它的情况下)显现一种颜色(例如白色)的特性。如果给调色膜6施加电压,则电调色膜6的外观从例如白色改变至透明状态。为了提供电调色膜6所需的电压,可使用现有技术中常用的用于提供输出电压的装备。对该装备的控制可通过中心控制装备进行,所述中心控制装备也控制显示器3并且不是本发明的一部分。
这种电调色膜6在它们的构造中具有至少一个这样的层:所述层在电压影响下或电场作用下例如改变其组分如液晶(液晶分子)的取向并且因此使照射在膜上的光线在无电压状态中散射或偏转而当施加电压时可以通过。
在电调色膜6下方布置从现有技术中已知的显示器3,用于显示或呈现任意信息。该显示器3可以是液晶显示器(LCD)、薄膜晶体管显示器(TFT)、有机发光二极管显示器(OLED)或其它适合于显示信息的显示器。
在关断状态中,显示装置1在布置有白色电调色膜6的情况下显现白色外观。如果为电调色膜6使用其它颜色,如蓝色,则显示装置1在关断状态中显现蓝色外观。如果将信息置于显示器3上以便显示,则由于白色或蓝色的、不透明的电调色膜6,这些信息对观看者来说是不能看出的。
如果对电调色膜6施加电压,则膜6的特性从不透明转变至透明。在这种状态下,布置在调色膜6下方的显示器3和在显示器3上呈现的信息对观看者来说能够很好地看出。
在本发明的一个特殊实施方案中设置:也被称为“玻璃层”的盖面2被构型为,使得其光学特性从盖面2的中心点出发向外朝向盖面2的边缘变化。盖面2的透明度在中心点处最佳,而朝向盖面2的边缘方向上越来越减弱并且例如过渡到增强白色色调。因为盖面2在显示器3的中心区域没有色调或几乎没有色调,所以不影响对在显示器3上呈现的信息的感知。
由于盖面2的光学特性的这种变化,构成了盖面2的着色增强的边缘区域7,所述边缘区域7例如显现白色并且几乎不透明。根据光学特性的变化方案而定,可形成椭圆形或矩形构造的边缘区域7,其中设置,着色7不影响呈现在显示器3上的信息的可见性。这可例如这样来确保:着色7构造在显示器3的尺寸延伸不再达到的区域中。
盖面2的光学特性沿着从盖面2中心点出发的假想线段的这种变化可以是线性的或非线性的。也可以是,从中心点放射状出发的不同线段具有不同的光学特性变化。有利的是,这样选择梯度,使得着色7给出椭圆形或理想地近似构成矩形,其中,透明区域被选择成不大于位于下方的显示器3的尺寸。着色7尤其可以具有多个不同大小的椭圆形或矩形,这些椭圆形或矩形分别具有不同程度的着色7,其中,所述着色7的程度向外增加。
在电调色膜6以及可能还有显示器3在其尺寸方面小于盖面2(如图1中所示)的情况下,采用该特性可具有特殊优点。
盖面2的光学特性的这种线性或非线性变化以这样的方式被提供:使得即使在调色膜6的尺寸之外,显示装置1例如也能以白色色调被感知。另一方面,显示器3区域中的光学特性变化被构型成,使得显示器3的光学能够以对于质量充分的呈现来说足够好的方式透过盖面2。
在未被显示器3覆盖的区域中布置了漫射片4作为光散射器。一个或多个漫射片4的这种布置这样进行,使得例如在显示器3的两个相对置的侧各布置一个漫射片4。
在显示装置1的替代性实施方式中设置,显示器3在四侧被四个漫射片4包围。对于这种情况有利的是,选择一个漫射片4以包围显示器3的框架的形式实施。以此方式,使用一个单件式实施的漫射片4代替四个单个的漫射片4。
利用这种单件式实施的漫射片4,实现了显示装置1在表面(例如仪表板的表面)中的尽可能好的一体化。
为了能够实现显示装置1在显示器3与周围表面之间具有光学上平缓的过渡的情况下一体化到表面中,在布置有单件式漫射片4的区域中在该漫射片4的后面布置至少一个光源5作为背景照明。
对于这种背景照明,可以使用多个光源5,例如发光二极管(LED)。这些光源5的布置例如还可以呈具有多个行和多个列的矩阵的形式。
借助光源5在这个或这些漫射片4后面的这种矩阵形式布置,可以有利地构造显示器3与周围表面之间的过渡。这种布置使得可以将由光源5产生的光控制在不同亮度。因此,例如可能的是,使紧挨着显示器3布置的光源5的亮度高于远离显示器3并因而更靠近显示装置1周围的表面的光源5的亮度。因此,可以借助合适的驱控在显示器3与周围表面之间的区域中建立合适的明-暗过渡。
在一个特别的实施方案中设置,光源5的亮度适配于显示器3的亮度。为了使得例如在所有四侧围绕显示器3的漫射片4的区域不比显示器3上的显示显现得更亮,使光源5的最大亮度适配于显示器3的最大亮度。以此方式,显示器3与周围表面之间的平缓光学过渡得到改进。
有利的是,由盖面2、显示器3、一个或多个漫射片4、电调色膜6和光源5组成的该显示装置1的所述结构通过光学键合合并成一个机械上稳定的显示装置1。该光学键合的单元8在图1中使用虚线表示。这种光学键合的单元8也被称为叠堆。
图2展示了根据本发明的显示装置的示意性立体图,处于显示器3隐藏的状态中。图2的表示展示了叠堆式的结构,其包括朝向观看者的盖面2、布置在该盖面2下方的电调色膜6和显示器3。与图1中的表示不同,在该实施方案中电调色膜6在盖面2的整个区域上延伸。当然,替代地,电调色膜6也可以仅在显示器3的区域上延伸。
显示装置1的背景照明通过同样在盖面2的区域上延伸的漫射片4和布置在漫射片4后面的光源5实现。
替代地,背景照明还可以借助多个未示出的光导元件和多个例如布置在显示装置1的边缘区域中并且与光导元件连接的光源5提供。
在图2中还可看到盖面2的在该盖面2的边缘区域中出现或增强的着色7,其提供给观看者的是显示装置1与显示装置1周围表面之间的统一的印象。
特别有利的是,显示装置1例如一体化到仪表板的区域中。当在显示器3上不进行信息呈现时,显示装置1和周围表面的光学适配由此实现:电调色膜6被选择为与周围表面协调的颜色。如果例如仪表板的围绕显示装置1周围的表面具有白色色调,则使用具有白颜色的电调色膜6。如果在显示装置1的显示器3上不进行信息呈现,则电调色膜6在不施加电压的情况下运行并且显现白色。
而如果在显示装置1的显示器3上进行信息呈现,则通过施加适当的电压来实现电调色膜6的透明状态。同时,借助一个或多个光源5进行显示器3的照明,尤其是漫射片4的围绕显示器3周围的区域的照明,其中,在显示器3与围绕显示装置1周围的未照明表面之间实现与最大显示器亮度协调的、逐步的或均匀的照明强度过渡。如果显示器3上的信息呈现结束,则将电调色膜6的和光源5的电压关断,显示装置1显现白色色调,在这种情况下显示装置1不再从周围表面突出。观看者感知到均匀的白色表面,显示装置1不从该白色表面突出。因为显示装置1几乎不能被观看者感知,所以当显示器3接通并且在电调色膜6上施加电压时信息看起来好像出现在仪表板的表面上。
图2展示了借助无电流的电调色膜6实现的隐藏显示器3的状态,而图3展示了显示装置1处于在电调色膜6上施加了电压并且显示器3对观看者来说可见的状态中。在图3中省去了附加的示例性信息呈现。因此在图3中仅示出了在电调色膜6下方可见的显示器3。
参考标记列表
1 显示装置
2 盖面
3 显示器
4 漫射片/光散射器
5 光源/LED
6 电调色膜/边缘区域
7 盖面/边缘区域的着色
8 光学键合的单元
Claims (8)
1.一种显示装置(1),所述显示装置(1)具有用于呈现信息的显示器(3)和布置在所述显示器(3)上的盖面(2),其特征在于,在所述显示器(3)的表面与所述盖面(2)之间布置有电调色膜(6),在围绕所述显示器(3)周围的区域中布置有一个或多个漫射片(4),并且,在至少一个漫射片(4)上或在所述漫射片(4)后面布置有光源(5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,所述盖面(2)构造/布置有着色(7),其中,所述着色(7)的强度从所述盖面(2)的居中的中心区域朝向所述盖面(2)的边缘区域增强。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,所述盖面(2)的所述着色(7)具有矩形或椭圆的形状。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,所述电调色膜(6)在所述盖面(2)的背离观看者的侧面上布置在所述盖面(2)的整个区域上。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,所述显示器(3)是薄膜晶体管显示器或液晶显示器或机发光二极管显示器。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,所述光源(5)是发光二极管。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,多个光源(5)在所述漫射片(4)后面以具有多个行和列的矩阵的形式布置。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的显示装置(1),其特征在于,所述显示装置(1)的前述组成部分(2、3、4、5、6)布置在一个借助光学键合方法产生的结构单元(8)中。
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