CN108372292A - A kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108372292A CN108372292A CN201810096855.7A CN201810096855A CN108372292A CN 108372292 A CN108372292 A CN 108372292A CN 201810096855 A CN201810096855 A CN 201810096855A CN 108372292 A CN108372292 A CN 108372292A
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- composite powder
- matrix composite
- laser gain
- aluminum matrix
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910020261 KBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910020491 K2TiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 technical pure Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- JREYOWJEWZVAOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazanium;[3-methylbut-3-enoxy(oxido)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].CC(=C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JREYOWJEWZVAOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910020239 KAlF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, with fine aluminium, Al Zr intermediate alloys, Al Sc intermediate alloys, Al Mn intermediate alloys, Al Ti intermediate alloys, technical pure Mg, KBF4And K2TiF6For raw material, TiB in situ is prepared for using the method that melt-growth in situ controls2Micro-nano granules REINFORCED Al Mg composite materials prepare TiB by High Temperature Gas atomization method2Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder.The median particle diameter of the powder particle is controllable at 3~180 μm, spherical rate ＞ 90%, powder recovery rate >=60%, laser absorption rate >=45%.Nanoscale TiB2Particle even dispersion is distributed in alloy matrix aluminum, and composite material grain structure is uniform tiny equiax crystal.Aluminum matrix composite powder prepared by the method for the present invention has good laser absorption rate, is suitable for laser gain material manufacturing technology, and for showing good mechanical property when laser gain material manufacture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material technology, and in particular, to a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder
And preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With the development of modern science and technology, contour leading-edge field is manufactured as the manufacturing industry of representative using aerospace, weapons
Forward position proposes material property and technology of preparing increasingly harsher requirement：Structural material is in addition to high specific stiffness and ratio
Modulus will also have high-strength high-plasticity.High-end equipment, such as large aircraft, to large-scale, accurate, complicated integral light is high-strength
Tough alloy components propose more and more urgent demand, to meet it in high-performance, high reliability, high economy and high-environmental
The requirement of aspect.Laser gain material manufacturing technology can effectively take into account complicated shape and high-performance metal component quickly manufactures,
By the favor and concern for solving aerospace manufacturing field.
Current commercialized pre-alloying powder is mainly to be prepared by atomization or rotary electrode method, however be limited by
The limitation of the key technical index such as laser absorption rate, alloy powder type available at present are limited.Especially in aluminium alloy
Laser gain material manufacturing field is suitable for the alloy powder of laser gain material manufacture at present since aluminium alloy laser absorption rate is relatively low
Only Al-Si systems significantly limit application of the alumina-base material in laser gain material manufacturing technology field.Currently, utilizing such
Commercialization powder has prepared the parts of higher dimensional precision, and in aerospace, automobile, the fields such as medical treatment obtain one
A little applications.Such as comings Brazil, the Brazilian Institute of Technology of university and Canadian Ontario technical college develop jointly recently
Laser gain material manufacture diesel engine machine support, the effect of diesel engine support is not only improved by topological optimization, is also wind
Fan driving belt pulley provides anchor point.The outstanding advantages of this Element Design are weight minimum, performance improvement and reduce combustion
Oily cost.But part usually crackle and hole with higher residual stress and micron level prepared by laser gain material manufacture
The defects of, and then fatigue of materials intensity, plasticity and toughness is caused to reduce.Thus part production yield rate is low, reliability is insufficient and
Cost remains high.Therefore traditional business alloy powder cannot fully meet the manufacture of high-performance components.
Invention content
For the limitation of above-mentioned material system and Improvement requirement, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminium
Based composites powder and preparation method thereof further proposes that a kind of laser gain material manufacture 5XXX systems in-situ Al-base is multiple
Condensation material powder and preparation method thereof, high laser absorption rate can be provided simultaneously with by having prepared, the high aluminum-base composite of particle spherical shape rate
Material powder, and technological operation is simple and practicable, low-cost high-efficiency, is appropriate for producing in batches.
A kind of laser gain material of the present invention manufactures in the preparation method with 5XXX systems in-situ Al-base composition powder, passes through
The method of in-situ authigenic melt control, the TiB prepared2Particle REINFORCED Al-Mg alloy compounding flux, recycles autonomous Design
Aerosolizing device is realized to in-situ self-generated TiB2Prepared by the powder of particle REINFORCED Al-Mg composite materials, and then obtain even dispersion
The micro-nano TiB of distribution2Particle and tiny equiaxial matrix grain tissue, have prepared the TiB of high laser absorption rate2REINFORCED Al-
Mg composite powders.
Simultaneously as the al alloy component difference of different series is larger, thus their smelting technology, aerosolization condition with
And the powder morphology and performance being prepared are all different, the application is specifically for 5XXX series.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, the aluminum-base composite material
Feed powder end includes matrix alloy and the reinforced phase that is distributed in described matrix alloy；
Described matrix alloy includes each element component of following mass fraction：Mg 1%~8%；Zr 0.05%~3%,
At least one of Sc0.05%~3%, Mn 0.05%~2% and Ti 0.01%~1% elemental constituents；Al is surplus；
The reinforced phase is TiB2Particle.
Preferably, in described matrix alloy, including Zr 0.05%~3%, Sc 0.05%~3%, Mn 0.05%~
At least two elemental constituents in 2% and Ti 0.01%~1%.
Preferably, described matrix alloy includes each element component of following mass fraction：Mg 1%~8%, Zr 0.05%
~3%, Sc 0.05%~3%, Mn 0.05%~2%, Ti 0.01%~1% and Al is surplus (83%~98.84%).
Mn is a kind of common to carry high performance alloying element；Add micro Sc, Ti element can significantly crystal grain thinning, and add simultaneously
Add micro Zr elements that can keep except this advantage, improves the stability of material in the high temperature environment.In conclusion simultaneously
Addition Zr, Sc, Mn, Ti can more preferably improve the mechanical property of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample.
Preferably, the median particle diameter of the aluminum matrix composite powder is at 3~180 μm.Median particle diameter can reflect powder
The particle diameter distribution at end, will have a direct impact on the bulk density of powder, be a very important ginseng for laser gain material manufacture
Number.Smaller powder grain size is conducive to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of material.
Preferably, exist in the aluminum matrix composite powder it is uniformly tiny isometric nanocrystalline, it is described isometric nanocrystalline
Crystallite dimension be 0.1~5 μm.Aluminum matrix composite grain structure is uniform tiny equiax crystal, is observed by Electronic Speculum, powder
Heterogeneous microstructure be equiax crystal, the crystallite dimension of equiax crystal is 0.1~5 μm.
Preferably, the TiB2Particle is evenly distributed in described matrix alloy, the TiB2The size of particle be 5~
1800nm.Ti in the matrix of composite powder of the present invention derives from Al-Ti intermediate alloys, reinforcement TiB2Ti derive from
Mix reactant salt.Moreover, TiB2Particle size is excessive, can cut down the effect of particle strengthening, and particle size is too small easily causes
Reunite.
Preferably, the TiB2The quality of particle is the 0.5%~10% of aluminum matrix composite powder quality.TiB2Particle
Mass fraction density of material can be caused to rise beyond above range, toughness significantly reduces, or even spherical powder can not be prepared
End.
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of preparation method of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, including
Following steps：
S1, fine aluminium (commercial-purity aluminium) is heated, heating after coverture covers is added and obtains melt；
S2, by KBF4、K2TiF6Uniformly mixing is added after drying in the melt that step S1 is obtained, mechanical agitation, fully anti-
It answers；(reaction time of step S2 is generally 5-60min, judges that reaction terminates according to the time.After reaction, removing floats on
The slag of bath surface, Main By product KAlF4And K3AlF6。)
S3, it waits in step S2 after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding in Al-Zr intermediate alloys, Al-Sc
Between alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys and pure Mg, in the melt be added refining agent carry out refinery by de-gassing, control
Temperature processed is 650~850 DEG C of 10~20min of standing, obtains Al-Mg alloy composite materials melts (TiB2Particle REINFORCED Al-Mg is closed
Golden compounding flux)；
S4, Al-Mg alloy composite materials melt in step S3 is subjected to aerosolization by gas atomization device, obtains Al-Mg
Alloy composite powder (in-situ self-generated TiB2Particle REINFORCED Al-Mg alloy composite powders)；The Al-Mg alloys are answered
Condensation material powder carries out homogenization heat treatment, through screening, obtains the laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder of suitable dimension
End.
Since different laser gain material manufacturing process is not quite similar for the demand of powder diameter, as selective laser fusing is logical
15-53 μm of powder is often needed, and laser solid forming then needs 70-150 μm of powder.In being prepared according to the present invention
It is worth powder of the grain size at 3~180 μm, is then screened according to the demand of actual production.
Preferably, in step S1, the coverture is JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents, is warming up to 600~950 DEG C.It is described
The quality of coverture is the 0.1~1% of fine aluminium quality.
Preferably, in step S2, the KBF4、K2TiF6Mass ratio be 1:0.5~1:2.The KBF4Quality be it is pure
The quality of aluminium is 45~85%；The churned mechanically rate is 10~500rpm.Above-mentioned KBF4、K2TiF6Mass ratio be 1:
0.5~1:2 be to make the atomic ratio of Ti and B close to 1:2, TiB is prepared by in-situ authigenic2。
Preferably, in step S3, in the Al-Zr intermediate alloys, Al-Sc intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, Al-Ti
Between the addition of alloy and pure Mg (technical pure Mg) meet gained aluminum matrix composite powder matrix alloy include following matter
Measure each element component of score：Mg 1%~8%；Zr 0.05%~3%, Sc 0.05%~3%, the and of Mn0.05%~2%
At least one of Ti 0.01%~1% elemental constituents.
Preferably, Al-Zr intermediate alloys are Al-12wt%Zr, and Al-Mn intermediate alloys are Al-10wt%Mn, in Al-Sc
Between alloy be Al-2%Sc, Al-Ti intermediate alloys be Al-10%Ti.In step s3, the addition step of each intermediate alloy is not if
It is added using said sequence, by the morphology and size of the second phase in influence system.
Preferably, in step S3, the refining agent is the harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types.The quality of the refining agent is
The 0.1~1% of fine aluminium quality.
Preferably, in step S4, the aerosolization condition includes：Melt temperature is 700~1200 DEG C, and aerosolization temperature is
650~850 DEG C, aerosolization medium is the gaseous mixture of Ar, He or Ar, He, and aerosolization air pressure is 0.5~10MPa.
It need not be heat-treated in the pulverizing process of the present invention.Due to the main function of heat treatment be Homogenization Treatments with
Element segregation is eliminated, aluminum matrix composite powder prepared by the present invention is mainly used for laser gain material manufacture, and laser gain material manufactures
The process to melt again, quickly solidified, therefore heat treatment has little significance to pulverizing process.
The third aspect, the present invention provide a kind of preparation side for above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder
The gas atomization device of method, the gas atomization device include sequentially connected crucible, atomizer, spray chamber and collecting vessel；The earthenware
Stirring rod is provided in crucible, the liquid outlet of the crucible is connected to the nozzle of atomizer；The nozzle and spray chamber of the atomizer
Top connection, the lower part of the spray chamber is provided with gas removing pipe, and the gas removing pipe is located at spray chamber and collecting vessel junction
Top；0.5~5mm of diameter of the nozzle.
5XXX series alloys are Al-Mg alloys, since Al-Mg aluminium alloy laser absorption rates are generally relatively low, are increased to laser
Material manufacture brings great challenge.But the raw material that the present invention uses is the aluminum matrix composite that in-situ authigenic reaction generates, not only gram
Traditional outer addition particle surface pollution, wedge angle stress concentration are taken, the deficiencies of interfacial bonding property is poor, and due in pulverizing process
Cooling velocity quickly, nanoscale TiB2Even dispersion is distributed particle in the base, can play the work for improving powder laser absorptivity
With.The laser absorption rate of Al is less than 10% in this system, and TiB2It is about then 80%；Meanwhile add other micro Zr, Sc,
At least one of Mn and Ti elements element contributes to form the second phase of special construction, improves post laser increasing material manufacturing forming
The mechanical property of material.Mn is a kind of common to carry high performance alloying element；Adding micro Sc, Ti element can be significantly thin
Change crystal grain, and adding micro Zr elements simultaneously can keep except this advantage, improve the stabilization of material in the high temperature environment
Property.In conclusion the mechanical property of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample can more preferably be improved by adding Zr, Sc, Mn, Ti simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantageous effect：
1, the present invention has been effectively combined the advantage that melt-growth in situ prepares micro-nano particle reinforced.
The aluminum matrix composite powder that micro-nano granules enhancing is prepared by the method for melt-growth in situ, in dispersion composite material
The micro-nano TiB of in-situ authigenic2Particle, while greatly improving the strength of materials, the laser absorption rate of the powder effectively improved, greatly
Width extends the material application range of alumina-base material laser gain material manufacture.
2,5XXX series alloys prepared by the present invention are Al-Mg alloys, and obtained aluminum matrix composite powder is micro-nano
TiB2Particle dispersion is evenly distributed in aluminum substrate, has the function of improving laser absorption rate；Add micro Zr, Sc, Mn, Ti
At least one of element element helps to improve the mechanical property of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample.
3, laser gain material manufacture is carried out using the 5XXX composite powders, it is made relative to traditional al-si system powder
Standby strength of materials plasticity is higher, due to nanometer TiB2The humidification of particle and the effect for inhibiting recrystallization growth can be obtained
Uniformly tiny equiax crystal.Due to the micro-nano TiB that even dispersion is distributed in microstructure of composite2Particle and tiny equiax crystal
Presence, the method for the present invention prepare laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite component can have high intensity and high-ductility simultaneously.
4, the spherical rate ＞ 90% of aluminum matrix composite powder prepared by the present invention, recovery rate >=60%, laser absorption rate
>=45%.
Description of the drawings
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of gas atomization device in the present invention；In figure, 1- stirring rod；2- crucibles；3- atomizers；4-
Spray chamber；5- gas removing pipes；6- collecting vessels；
Fig. 2 is the SEM photograph of aluminum matrix composite powder prepared by the present invention；Wherein, figure (a) is that powder entirety SEM shines
Piece, figure (b) are the SEM photograph of single powder section.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method includes：
With high-purity Al, technical pure Mg, Al-12Zr intermediate alloy, KBF4And K2TiF6In-situ authigenic has been prepared for raw material
5wt.%TiB2REINFORCED Al -2.2Mg-0.1Zr composite materials.First high-purity Al is put into crucible and melts and be warming up to 780 DEG C, is used
JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents cover；By KBF4、K2TiF6In mass ratio 1:2 after evenly mixing, and back is added after drying and obtains
Melt in；It waits for after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding Al-12Zr intermediate alloys and technical pure Mg, molten
The harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types is added in body and carries out refinery by de-gassing, 15min is stood at 750 DEG C, then through gas atomization device
Powder processed.Above-mentioned Al-2.2Mg-0.1Zr is expressed as Mg mass fractions 2.2%, Zr mass fractions 0.1%, and Al is surplus.
The gas atomization device includes sequentially connected crucible 2, atomizer 3, spray chamber 4 and collecting vessel 5；The crucible 2
It is inside provided with stirring rod 1, the liquid outlet of the crucible 2 is connected to the nozzle of atomizer 3；The nozzle of the atomizer 3 and atomization
The top of room 4 is connected to, and the lower part of the spray chamber 4 is provided with gas removing pipe 5, and the gas removing pipe 5 is located at spray chamber 4 and collecting vessel 5
The top of junction.Alloy molten solution in the crucible forms atomized droplet through atomizer in spray chamber, most afterwards through collecting vessel
It is collected.Gas atomization is：820 DEG C of melt temperature uses He protections and aerosolization, air pressure 2.62MPa, the diameter of nozzle
2.16mm。
According to GB/T 3249《The assay method of metal and compound powder granularity》, measure 33.4 μm of powder average diameter；
It is observed using flying-spot microscope and statistics calculating is carried out using quantitative software for calculation (IPP) after taking pictures, measure powder spherical shape rate ＞
90%；Industry sieve powder obtains required grain size, measures powder yield >=60%；Using GB/T 1482《Metal powder mobility
Assay method》Test mobility is to determine that its mobility meets increasing material manufacturing requirement.Aluminum matrix composite manufactured in the present embodiment
The SEM photograph of powder is as shown in Fig. 2, as can be seen that powder is spherical from Fig. 2 (a)；It can be seen that from Fig. 2 (b)
TiB2Particle is uniformly distributed in the base, and microstructure morphology is in equiax crystal, by quantitative software for calculation (IPP) calculate
It it is 1.4 μm to average grain size.With reference to《Physical principle and application of the laser beam with material interaction》, the laser suction of powder
Yield is 47%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method includes：
With high-purity Al, technical pure Mg, Al-12Zr intermediate alloy, KBF4And K2TiF6In-situ authigenic has been prepared for raw material
5wt.%TiB2REINFORCED Al -2.2Mg-0.09Zr composite materials.First high-purity Al is put into crucible and melts and be warming up to 780 DEG C,
It is covered with JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents；By KBF4、K2TiF6In mass ratio 1:2 after evenly mixing, and back is added after drying and obtains
To melt in；It waits for after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding Al-12Zr intermediate alloys and technical pure Mg,
The harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types is added in melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, 15min is stood at 750 DEG C, is then disguised through aerosol
Set powder processed.Consistent in the gas atomization device and embodiment 1, gas atomization is：900 DEG C of melt temperature, is protected using He
And aerosolization, air pressure 3.10MPa, nozzle diameter 1.7mm.
18 μm of powder average diameter made from the present embodiment, spherical rate ＞ 90%, recovery rate >=60%, TiB2Granule content
5wt.%, 1.1 μm of composite powder average grain size, laser absorption rate 57%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method includes：
With high-purity Al, technical pure Mg, Al-12Zr intermediate alloy, KBF4And K2TiF6In-situ authigenic has been prepared for raw material
5wt.%TiB2REINFORCED Al -2.2Mg-0.09Zr composite materials.First high-purity Al is put into crucible and melts and be warming up to 780 DEG C,
It is covered with JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents；By KBF4、K2TiF6In mass ratio 1:2 after evenly mixing, and back is added after drying and obtains
To melt in；It waits for after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding Al-12Zr intermediate alloys and technical pure Mg,
The harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types is added in melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, 15min is stood at 750 DEG C, is then disguised through aerosol
Set powder processed.It is consistent in the gas atomization device and embodiment 1.Its gas atomization is：900 DEG C of melt temperature, is protected using Ar
And aerosolization, air pressure 1.20MPa, nozzle diameter 2.16mm.
45 μm of powder average diameter made from the present embodiment, spherical rate ＞ 90%, recovery rate >=60%, TiB2Granule content
5wt.%, 2.2 μm of composite powder average grain size, laser absorption rate 45%.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method includes：
With high-purity Al, technical pure Mg, Al-10Mn, Al-12Zr intermediate alloy, KBF4And K2TiF6It is prepared for raw material
In-situ authigenic 10wt.%TiB2REINFORCED Al -2.2Mg-0.7Mn-0.09Zr composite materials.First high-purity Al is put into crucible and is melted
And 780 DEG C are warming up to, it is covered with JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents；By KBF4、K2TiF6In mass ratio 1:2 after evenly mixing, drying
It is added in the melt that back obtains afterwards；It waits for after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding Al-12Zr, Al-10Mn
Intermediate alloy and technical pure Mg are added the harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types and carry out refinery by de-gassing, in the melt at 750 DEG C
15min is stood, then through gas atomization device powder.It is consistent in the gas atomization device and embodiment 1.Its gas atomization is：
900 DEG C of melt temperature uses Ar protections and aerosolization, air pressure 5.10MPa, nozzle diameter 2.16mm.
27 μm of powder average diameter made from the present embodiment, spherical rate ＞ 90%, recovery rate >=60%, TiB2Granule content
10wt.%, 1.7 μm of composite powder average grain size, laser absorption rate 67%.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method includes：
With high-purity Al, technical pure Mg, Al-10Mn, Al-12Zr intermediate alloy, KBF4And K2TiF6It is prepared for raw material
In-situ authigenic 8wt.%TiB2REINFORCED Al -2.2Mg-0.7Mn-0.09Zr composite materials.First high-purity Al is put into crucible and is melted
And 780 DEG C are warming up to, it is covered with JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents；By KBF4、K2TiF6In mass ratio 1:2 after evenly mixing, drying
It is added in the melt that back obtains afterwards；It waits for after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding Al-12Zr, Al-10Mn
Intermediate alloy and technical pure Mg are added the harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types and carry out refinery by de-gassing, in the melt at 750 DEG C
15min is stood, then through gas atomization device powder.It is consistent in the gas atomization device and embodiment 1.Its gas atomization is：
900 DEG C of melt temperature uses 50%Ar and 50%He mixing gas shielded and aerosolization, air pressure 3.10MPa, nozzle diameter 1.7mm.
22 μm of powder average diameter made from the present embodiment, spherical rate ＞ 90%, recovery rate >=60%, TiB2Granule content
8wt.%, 1.4 μm of composite powder average grain size, laser absorption rate 57%.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment provides a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method includes：
To be closed among high-purity Al, Al-12Zr intermediate alloy, Al-2Sc intermediate alloys, Al-10Mn intermediate alloys, Al-10Ti
Gold, technical pure Mg, KBF4And K2TiF6In-situ authigenic 10wt.%TiB has been prepared for raw material2REINFORCED Al -2.2Mg-0.7Mn-
0.09Zr-0.09Sc-0.1Ti composite materials.First high-purity Al is put into crucible and melts and be warming up to 780 DEG C, with JZF-03 types
High temperature covering agent covers；By KBF4、K2TiF6In mass ratio 1:2 after evenly mixing, and the melt that back obtains is added after drying
In；It waits for after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adding Al-12Zr intermediate alloys, Al-2Sc intermediate alloys, Al-10Mn
Intermediate alloy, Al-10Ti intermediate alloys and technical pure Mg are added the harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types and are removed in the melt
Gas refines, and 15min is stood at 750 DEG C, then through gas atomization device powder.It is consistent in the gas atomization device and embodiment 1.
Its gas atomization is：900 DEG C of melt temperature uses pure Ar gas shieldeds and aerosolization, air pressure 3.10MPa, nozzle diameter
1.7mm。
24 μm of powder average diameter made from the present embodiment, spherical rate ＞ 90%, recovery rate >=60%, TiB2Granule content
10%, 1.1 μm of composite powder average grain size, laser absorption rate 58%.
Nanometer aluminum matrix composite powder prepared by above-described embodiment 1-6, not only powder property is excellent, but also is subsequently testing
Found in card effect, when adding the powder prepared by least two elements in Zr, Sc, Mn, Ti, than only add Zr, Zr, Sc,
The powder prepared by a kind of element in Mn, Ti has preferable mechanical property when being manufactured sample for laser gain material.
Moreover, the powder for adding Zr, Sc, Mn and Ti element simultaneously can more preferably improve the mechanical property of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample
Can, molding sample obtained has best comprehensive mechanical property.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is related to a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, preparation method and 1 base of embodiment
This is consistent, the difference is that：Al-12Zr intermediate alloys are replaced using Al-50Cu intermediate alloys, obtain Al-2.2Mg-0.1Cu
Composite material.
32 μm of powder average diameter made from this comparative example, spherical rate ＞ 90%, recovery rate >=58%, TiB2Granule content
5%, 2.8 μm of composite powder average grain size, laser absorption rate 45%.
Compare comparative example 1 and the result of embodiment 1 is understood, on the one hand, in powder property, main difference is that powder is brilliant
Particle size is different, adds the effect that micro Zr members are known as crystal grain thinning, and Cu is acted on without this；In addition to this, comparative example 1 is received
Rate, laser absorption rate also slightly reduce.On the other hand, mechanical property shadow of the addition Cu elements to post laser increasing material manufacturing sample
It rings little.
To sum up, the 5XXX series alloys that prepared by the present invention are Al-Mg alloys, and obtained aluminum matrix composite powder is micro-
Nanometer TiB2Particle dispersion is evenly distributed in aluminum substrate, has the function of improving laser absorption rate；Add micro Zr, Sc,
At least one of Mn, Ti element element helps to improve the mechanical property of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample.Mn is a kind of normal
That sees carries high performance alloying element；Add micro Sc, Ti element can significantly crystal grain thinning, and add micro Zr members simultaneously
Element can kept except this advantage, improve the stability of material in the high temperature environment.It is main to add these four trace elements
It is to improve the mechanical property of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample.And compared with Zr, Sc, Mn, Ti, if the Cu members that addition is micro
Element is little to the Effect on Mechanical Properties of post laser increasing material manufacturing sample, can not obtain effect same as the present invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or change within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the substantive content of the present invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can arbitrary phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder, which is characterized in that the aluminum matrix composite powder includes
Matrix alloy and the reinforced phase being distributed in described matrix alloy；
Described matrix alloy includes each element component of following mass fraction：Mg 1%~8%；Zr 0.05%~3%, Sc
0.05%~3%, at least one of Mn 0.05%~2% and Ti 0.01%~1% elemental constituent；Al is surplus；
The reinforced phase is TiB2Particle.
2. laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described matrix is closed
Gold includes each element component of following mass fraction：Mg 1%~8%, Zr 0.05%~3%, Sc 0.05%~3%, Mn
0.05%~2%, Ti 0.01%~1%, Al are surplus.
3. laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the aluminium
The median particle diameter of based composites powder is at 3~180 μm.
4. laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the aluminium
Exist uniformly tiny isometric nanocrystalline in based composites powder, the isometric nanocrystalline crystallite dimension is 0.1~5 μm.
5. laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the TiB2
Particle is evenly distributed in described matrix alloy, the TiB2The size of particle is 5~1800nm；The TiB2The quality of particle
It is the 0.5%~10% of aluminum matrix composite powder quality.
6. a kind of preparation method of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 1, feature
It is, includes the following steps：
S1, fine aluminium is heated, heating after coverture covers is added and obtains melt；
S2, by KBF4、K2TiF6Uniformly mixing is added after drying in the melt that step S1 is obtained, mechanical agitation, fully reacts；
S3, it waits in step S2 after reaction, taking out byproduct of reaction, sequentially adds Al-Zr intermediate alloys, the centres Al-Sc are closed
Gold, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys and pure Mg are added refining agent and carry out refinery by de-gassing, control temperature in the melt
Degree is 650~850 DEG C of 10~20min of standing, obtains Al-Mg alloy composite materials melts；
S4, Al-Mg alloy composite materials melt in step S3 is subjected to aerosolization, obtains Al-Mg alloy composite powders；Through
Screening, obtains the laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder of suitable dimension.
7. the preparation method of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
In step S1, the coverture is JZF-03 type high temperature covering agents, is warming up to 600~950 DEG C；
In step S2, the KBF4、K2TiF6Mass ratio be 1:0.5~1:2.
8. the preparation method of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
In step S3, the Al-Zr intermediate alloys, Al-Sc intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys and pure Mg
Addition meet gained aluminum matrix composite powder matrix alloy include following mass fraction each element component：Mg 1%
~8%；At least one in Zr 0.05%~3%, Sc 0.05%~3%, Mn 0.05%~2% and Ti 0.01%~1%
Kind elemental constituent；
The refining agent is the harmless aluminum refining agent of JZJ types.
9. the preparation method of laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
In step S4, the aerosolization condition includes：Melt temperature is 700~1200 DEG C, and aerosolization temperature is 650~850 DEG C, aerosol
Change the gaseous mixture that medium is Ar, He or Ar, He, aerosolization air pressure is 0.5~10MPa.
10. a kind of gas atomization device for the laser gain material manufacture aluminum matrix composite powder described in claim 6, special
Sign is that the gas atomization device includes sequentially connected crucible, atomizer, spray chamber and collecting vessel；Setting in the crucible
There are stirring rod, the liquid outlet of the crucible to be connected to the nozzle of atomizer；The nozzle of the atomizer and the top of spray chamber connect
Logical, the lower part of the spray chamber is provided with gas removing pipe, and the gas removing pipe is located at the top of spray chamber and collecting vessel junction；It is described
0.5~5mm of diameter of nozzle.
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