CN108360257A - 一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,所述制备方法,包括阳离子改性溶液的制备、阳离子改性。本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法简单,是在常规粘胶纤维连续化生产过程中进行的,无需增加设备投资,在现有生产线上即可实现,适用于规模化生产。本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在脱硫工序后进行,纤维容易与阳离子改性剂发生共价键的结合,改性剂流失少,纤维改性效果较好。本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,可用直接染料或活性染料进行染色,无需加无机盐类就能达到染色均匀、上染率高的效果。本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在常温条件下吸色时间短,且在相同上染率的情况下,有增深的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改性再生纤维素纤维的工艺方法,具体地说,涉及一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,属于纤维技术领域。
背景技术
纤维素纤维在与染液接触时,纤维表面通常会带有一定量的电荷。在中性或碱性条件下,由于纤维中羧基、磺酸基等发生电离和纤维在染液中吸附带负电的粒子等原因,使纤维表面带负电荷,而大多数用于染纤维素纤维的染料在染浴中也带负电荷。在染色时,由于染料与纤维之间的静电斥力,染料的上染受到阻碍以致上染率降低。传统解决这个问题的方法是在染浴中添加大量的无机盐,以提高上染率;为达到固色目的,纤维素上的羟基需在强碱性条件下离子化,在染色后期,染液中又加入大量的纯碱,这样最后排放的染色液中残留了大量的染料、无机盐、碱,处理难度大,对环境造成了严重污染。
目前,常用方法是对纤维素纤维进行阳离子改性,即通过与纤维上的羟基发生化学反应形成共价结合使纤维带上正电荷,或者通过物理吸附的方式使纤维呈正电性,从而促进带负电荷的染料分子上染到纤维上。阳离子改性剂根据分子大小可分为小分子类和高分子类。小分子类阳离子改性剂由于分子量小,很易进入纤维内部,能够对纤维表面和内部进行均匀改性,经其改性后的纤维匀染性和透染性均较好,因其成本较低,应用较广泛。高分子类阳离子改性剂与小分子类阳离子改性剂相比,直接性更好,用量少,且热稳定性好,不易水解,利用效率高等优点,受到了人们越来越多的关注,且逐渐应用到纤维改性方面,效果较好。
近年来,关于阳离子化改性纤维的研究逐渐增多,如中国发明CN201410689164.X改性处理是将纤维素纤维放入容器中,再向容器中加水,加入阳离子改性剂,一段时间后加入氢氧化钠,再进行升温反应和降温,改性处理时间较长且工艺较繁琐。CN201610238448.6采用两种阳离子改性剂和添加染色助剂的方法对纤维素纤维织物进行改性处理,得到改性的纤维素纤维坯布。此方法是对纤维织物进行处理,具有局限性,且添加的染色助剂对环境造成新的污染。CN201410492816.0在溶解工序或纺丝工序添加纤维素阳离子改性剂,均为单一的添加方式,因为改性剂的添加量较少,而生产工艺流程较长,在后续纺丝过程及精炼处理过程中会造成改性剂的流失,造成纤维的改性效果不理想。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的不足,提供了一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,利用该方法制备的阳离子改性粘胶纤维是在现有粘胶纤维生产工艺过程中进行的,通过调整精炼站位分布,在脱硫工序后增加阳离子改性工序,易于实现产业化生产。本发明的发明目的为:
1、本发明制备的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在常规粘胶纤维连续化生产过程中进行,无需额外进行升温或降温,改性工艺简单,便于操作。
2、本发明制备的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在后处理工序中进行,不会造成改性剂的大量流失,纤维改性效果较好。
3、本发明制备的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在无盐低碱条件下,染色均匀、上染率高。
4、本发明制备的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在常温条件下吸色时间短。
为达到上述技术目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)阳离子改性溶液的制备:将阳离子改性剂加入到一定浓度的碱液中,配成10-100g/l的阳离子改性溶液,优选30-60g/l,均质机搅拌混匀。
(2)改性工艺过程:以纤维素浆粕为原料,用常规粘胶制备工艺制得粘胶原液后进行湿法纺丝,纤维经脱硫、阳离子改性、水洗、漂白、上油的后处理步骤,得到阳离子改性粘胶纤维。
所述(1)中阳离子改性剂为N二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯、聚环氧氯丙烷二甲胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、3-丙烯酰胺-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵中的一种或几种;
所述(1)中的碱液为氢氧化钠溶液,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2-8g/l。
所述(1)中均质机搅拌时间10-30min,速度2000-3000rpm。
所述(2)中后处理步骤,阳离子改性工序:温度50-80℃,时间3-15min,浴比10:1-60:1;
所述(2)中后处理步骤脱硫、水洗、漂白、上油,即脱硫温度:70-80℃、浓度:2-6g/l,水洗温度:60-70℃,漂白浓度:0.15-0.5g/l,上油温度:50-60℃、浓度:3-6g/l;所述脱硫采用氢氧化钠脱硫,所述漂白采用双氧水漂白。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法简单,是在常规粘胶纤维连续化生产过程中进行的,无需增加设备投资,在现有生产线上即可实现,适用于规模化生产。
2、本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在脱硫工序后进行,纤维容易与阳离子改性剂发生共价键的结合,改性剂流失少,纤维改性效果较好。
3、本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,可用直接染料或活性染料进行染色,无需加无机盐类就能达到染色均匀、上染率高的效果。
本发明制备的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,碱性条件下(氢氧化钠2g/l,浴比50:1)用1%染料浓度(相比纤维)的直接冻黄G中性、无盐染色,测定K/S值为23.02-25.58,上染率为93.64-96.36%。
4、本发明的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,在常温条件下吸色时间短,且在相同上染率的情况下,有增深的效果。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1:一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
1、阳离子改性溶液的制备:将3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵加入到2g/l的氢氧化钠溶液中,用均质机搅拌10min,速度2000rpm,配成15g/l的阳离子改性溶液。
2、改性工艺过程:以纤维素浆粕为原料,用常规粘胶制备工艺制得粘胶原液后进行湿法纺丝,纤维经脱硫(氢氧化钠)温度70℃、浓度2g/l,阳离子改性温度50℃、时间3min、浴比20:1,水洗温度60℃,漂白(双氧水)浓度0.15g/l、上油温度50℃、浓度3g/l的后处理步骤,得到阳离子改性粘胶纤维。
通过以上方法制的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,碱性条件下(氢氧化钠2g/l,浴比50:1)用1%染料浓度(相比纤维)的直接冻黄G中性、无盐染色,测定K/S值为23.02,上染率为93.64%。
实施例2:一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
1、阳离子改性溶液的制备:将N二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯加入到4g/l的氢氧化钠溶液中,用均质机搅拌15min,速度2400rpm,配成30g/l的阳离子改性溶液。
2、改性工艺过程:以纤维素浆粕为原料,用常规粘胶制备工艺制得粘胶原液后进行湿法纺丝,纤维经脱硫(氢氧化钠)温度75℃、浓度3g/l,阳离子改性温度60℃、时间10min、浴比30:1,水洗温度62℃,漂白(双氧水)浓度0.3g/l、上油温度55℃、浓度4g/l的后处理步骤,得到阳离子改性粘胶纤维。
通过以上方法制的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,碱性条件下(氢氧化钠2g/l,浴比50:1)用1%染料浓度(相比纤维)的直接冻黄G中性、无盐染色,测定K/S值为24.56,上染率为94.82%。
实施例3:一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
1、阳离子改性溶液的制备:将阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵分别加入到6g/l的氢氧化钠溶液中,配成浓度分别为30g/l、20g/l的阳离子改性溶液,将两种溶液按质量比1:1混合后,均质机搅拌20min,速度2600rpm。
2、改性工艺过程:以纤维素浆粕为原料,用常规粘胶制备工艺制得粘胶原液后进行湿法纺丝,纤维经脱硫(氢氧化钠)温度72℃、浓度4g/l,阳离子改性温度70℃、时间5min、浴比40:1,水洗温度65℃,漂白(双氧水)浓度0.4g/l、上油温度52℃、浓度5g/l的后处理步骤,得到阳离子改性粘胶纤维。
通过以上方法制的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,碱性条件下(氢氧化钠2g/l,浴比50:1)用1%染料浓度(相比纤维)的直接冻黄G中性、无盐染色,测定K/S值为25.58,上染率为96.36%。
实施例4:一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
1、阳离子改性溶液的制备:将聚环氧氯丙烷二甲胺、3-丙烯酰胺-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵分别加入到8g/l的氢氧化钠溶液中,配成浓度为45g/l、40g/l的阳离子改性溶液,将两种溶液按质量比1:1混合后,均质机搅拌30min,速度3000rpm。
2、改性工艺过程:以纤维素浆粕为原料,用常规粘胶制备工艺制得粘胶原液后进行湿法纺丝,纤维经脱硫(氢氧化钠)温度80℃、浓度6g/l,阳离子改性温度80℃、时间15min、浴比60:1,水洗温度70℃,漂白(双氧水)浓度0.45g/l、上油温度58℃、浓度6g/l的后处理步骤,得到阳离子改性粘胶纤维。
通过以上方法制的阳离子改性粘胶纤维,碱性条件下(氢氧化钠2g/l,浴比50:1)用1%染料浓度(相比纤维)的直接冻黄G中性、无盐染色,测定K/S值为25.46,上染率为96.28%。
除非特殊说明,本发明采用的比例,均为质量比,采用的百分比,均为质量百分比。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法,包括阳离子改性溶液的制备、阳离子改性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述阳离子改性溶液的制备,将阳离子改性剂加入到一定浓度的碱液中,配成10-100g/l的阳离子改性溶液,均质机搅拌混匀。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述阳离子改性剂为N二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯、聚环氧氯丙烷二甲胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、3-丙烯酰胺-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述阳离子改性,温度50-80℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述阳离子改性,时间3-15min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述阳离子改性,浴比为10:1-60:1。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述碱液为氢氧化钠溶液,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2-8g/l。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述均质机,搅拌时间10-30min,速度2000-3000rpm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种阳离子改性粘胶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法,还包括脱硫、水洗、漂白、上油;所述脱硫,温度为70-80℃、浓度为2-6g/l;所述水洗,温度为60-70℃;所述漂白,漂白浓度为0.15-0.5g/l;所述上油,上油温度为50-60℃、浓度为3-6g/l。
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