CN108293739A - A kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108293739A CN108293739A CN201710825565.7A CN201710825565A CN108293739A CN 108293739 A CN108293739 A CN 108293739A CN 201710825565 A CN201710825565 A CN 201710825565A CN 108293739 A CN108293739 A CN 108293739A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation methods comprising：Retain field straw after late rice harvesting, winter keeps field drought pipe to promote weed growth；By the duck that grows up, successively continuous 5 d tramples the ecological blanket blank being made of weeds, mud, duck excrement, the stalk that do not rot in the formation of field face after weeds to second year twice；Then it uses sled formula grass pressing board to act on the weeds in ecological blanket blank and stalk formation ecological blanket of not rotting, and forms the Eco-fertilizer cave for the eco-species cave of sowing and for fertilising in ecological blanket, ecological blanket is made to be configured to ecological cave blanket；It under no-tillage no filling state, is sowed in eco-species cave and breaks chest seed rice and cover, and applied fertilizer in Eco-fertilizer cave and cover；On the basis of conventional field management, when paddy growth is to phase tiller beginning, young duck prevention and control disease pest weeds are launched, tillering regularity imposes compound fertilizer, and boot stage imposes compound fertilizer again, you can.The present invention improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduces soaked field water consumption and Pesticide use amount.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field of rice cultivation, especially a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method.
Background technology
According to statistics, Chinese chemical fertilizer in 2016 and Pesticide use amount respectively reach 60,000,000 tons (pure) and 300,000 tons（Folding
Hundred）, but chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is only 35% or so, and pesticide residue is big, and then lead to soil degradation, nutrient loss, resource wave
Take, environmental pollution, relatively low product quality a series of problems, such as.372,000,000,000 m of Chinese agriculture water total amount simultaneously3, but rice water
Total amount is up to 241,800,000,000 m3(rice water total amount accounts for about the 65% of agricultural water total amount)；Rice growing area is about 4.52 hundred million mu,
And rice field turns over and generally needs 150 m of soaked field water per acre3, soaked field water total amount reaches 679.5 hundred million m3, it is further exacerbated by rice
The tensity of industrial water.In addition, southern china Winter-Spring vacant field area, more than 100,000,000 mu, farmland is idle to cause resource tight
It wastes again, limits the performance of farmland resource potential to a certain extent.Therefore, Winter-Spring vacant field rationally utilizes, improves utilization rate of fertilizer
Rice Production needs are had become with reduction irrigation water urgently to solve the problems, such as.
Currently, it is existing use non-tillage field seeding technique, but due to rice types sow before, weeds type relatively mostly and
Density is larger, and weeds processing is not proper will to form the farmland running to weeds phenomenon that grass is more than seedling, grass is bigger than seedling, seriously affect rice types cultivation
Train the performance of technical advantage.The fertilizer dressing of free-plowing and directly-seeding is usually concentrated in rice field surface, cannot achieve deep placement, is easy to make
It is wasted caused by volatilizing at chemical fertilizer.It applies fertilizer that excessive, out of proportion, mode is unreasonable in Rice Production etc. and has become and is generally existing
As a series of ask such as causing chemical fertilizer utilization ratio low, and then leading to soil degradation, nutrient loss, the wasting of resources, environmental pollution
Topic.Rice field is turned over simultaneously generally needs 150 m3 of soaked field water per acre, and soaked field is more concentrated with water, is further exacerbated by rice life
The tensity of fisheries water.Therefore, weeds be effectively treated, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and reduce irrigation water have become Rice Production
It needs urgently to solve the problems, such as.
Invention content
In order to overcome the processing of rice types weeds difficult, soaked field short water supply, fertilizer amount is big, and dressing time and dosage do not conform to
The problems such as reason, while to avoid fertilizer tradition from spreading fertilizer over the fields the toxic action to rice seedling, realizing Winter-Spring vacant field rational exploitation and utilization
With saving site preparation soaked field water, the present invention provides a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method, can save soaked field water, together
When so that chemical fertilizer, pesticide dosage is reduced, achieve the purpose that section is fertile, water-saving, ecological, get bumper crops, subtract.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method comprising the following steps：
1）Retain field straw after late rice harvesting, and irrigation canals and ditches draining is excavated in rice field, winter-spring season keeps field drought tubulose state to promote
Into weed growth；
2）Second year allows rice field successively to trample weeds twice by least 500 continuous 5 d of adult duck by the end of April, tramples weeds
When keep irrigation canals and ditches to have water, field face is anhydrous, tramples after the completion of weeds field face is formed by weeds, mud, duck excrement, do not rot four kinds of stalk
The ecological blanket blank of material composition；
3）The weeds and the straw that do not rot that the sled formula grass pressing board carried using direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is acted in ecological blanket blank
Stalk, is further compacted weeds and the stalk that do not rot is used in combination planting and fertilizing machine in ecological blanket by a singling to form ecological blanket
Line-spacing drills to form the eco-species cave for sowing and the Eco-fertilizer cave for fertilising, and the spacing in eco-species cave and Eco-fertilizer cave is
3-5cm makes ecological blanket be configured to ecological cave blanket；
4）In the case where no-tillage no fills direct-sowing dry state, broken chest seed rice is sowed in eco-species cave using direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine and is sealed
Lid, and apply fertilizer in Eco-fertilizer cave and cover；
5）When the paddy growth in ecological cave blanket to tiller begins the phase, young duck prevention and control disease pest weeds are launched in rice field, and impose
Urea；
6）When the paddy growth in ecological cave blanket to tillering regularity imposes compound fertilizer, paddy growth to boot stage imposes multiple again
Hefei is expected, has not only ensured rice normal growth and development, but also realizes that fertilizer efficiently utilizes, and is carried out at the same time conventional field management：A) Guan Shui；
B) disease pest and weed is prevented；C) daily inspection.
The step 1）Preferably the cross of straight-through rice field surrounding is opened in rice field centre position in middle rice field with ditching machine
Irrigation canals and ditches, and paddy field drainage mouth is opened wide, in favor of draining, winter drought pipe is carried out, in favor of weed growth.
The forming method of ecological blanket blank is in the step 2)：Second year by the end of April, keeps having water, field in the irrigation canals and ditches
Face is anhydrous, then catches up at least 500 adult continuous 5 d of duck into rice field, before 2 d allow duck search of food in rice field, 2
Grass is uniformly stepped on using the full rice field of human assistance feeding induction duck after d；Be spaced 3 ~ 5d again will at least 500 adult ducks it is continuous
5 d are caught up with uniformly steps on grass into rice field using the full rice field of human assistance feeding induction duck；After stepping on grass twice, rice field surface is formed
By weeds, the ecological blanket blank of sposh, duck excrement and four kinds of material compositions of stalk of not rotting；The wherein described human assistance feeding method
For：Duck fed quantity of food and reduced to one third every morning, and remaining 2/3rds food electric fertilizer distributor is in field
It uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields, grass is uniformly stepped in the full field of guiding duck.
Step 3）In, the eco-species cave and Eco-fertilizer cave are equidistantly drilled shape using needle-shaped bit strip in ecological blanket
At back taper hole, back taper hole bottom is small and narrow, increases the contact surface of seed or fertilizer and cave wall；Top it is big and
Width grows up out cave conducive to seed, does not generate side effect for fertilizer release.The eco-species cave and Eco-fertilizer cave it is adjacent but
It is not attached to.
It drills in said program, in the ecological blanket, type of seeding is：Strip equidistantly bores eco-species cave on ecological cave blanket
While broken chest seed rice is pushed to the needle-shaped brill of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine using the Seeding box of the direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine
Lowest point on the inside of mouth, is then lifted needle-shaped bit, and lifting while opens needle-shaped bit rear cover, so that chest seed rice is overflowed, continuation
While being lifted needle-shaped bit, needle-shaped bit rear cover slowly collapses reset, is covered by the closing wheel of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine
Eco-species cave.
In said program, drilling, fertilizing method are in the ecological blanket：Strip equidistantly bores Eco-fertilizer cave on ecological cave blanket
While quantitative fertilizer is pushed to the needle-shaped bit of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine using the fertilising box of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine
The lowest point of inside, is then lifted needle-shaped bit, and lifting while opens needle-shaped bit rear cover, so that fertilizer is overflowed, continues to be lifted
While needle-shaped bit, needle-shaped bit rear cover slowly collapses reset, and ecology is covered by the closing wheel of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine
Fertile cave.
In said program, broken chest seed rice is placed under the ecological blanket in eco-species cave at 3 cm, fertilizer is placed in Eco-fertilizer cave
Ecological blanket under at 5 cm, the horizontal distance for breaking chest seed rice and fertilizer is 3 cm.Since that sows is broken chest seed rice, in sprouting
Initial stage plants isolation of the root by cave wall, is not contacted with the fertilizer in another Eco-fertilizer cave, but since tri-leaf period, rice can
To absorb the nutrition in Eco-fertilizer cave.
In said program, during semilate rice is soaked seed, direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is debugged and examined, it is ensured that sowing is applied
Fertile machine normally can be sowed and be applied fertilizer, while prepare to sow required fertilizer；Chest is broken in semilate rice seed soaking（It is long that general plumule reaches seed
Spend half）Afterwards, broken chest seed rice and fertilizer are poured into the Seeding box of the direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine by selection the first tenday period of a month in May respectively
In fertilising box, breaks chest seed rice and sowed in the ecological cave blanket that no-tillage no fills with the seeding row spacing of the cm of 15 ~ 20 cm × 18 ~ 25, it is broken
Chest seed rice depth of planting is 3 cm, and it is 5 cm that fertilizer, which is broadcast and applies depth, and it is parallel with fertilizer at a distance of 3-5cm to break chest seed rice；Conventional seed rice
Per eco-species bunch planting kind 5 ~ 7, hybrid rice seed is per eco-species bunch planting 2 ~ 3, per 0.5 ~ 2.0 g of Eco-fertilizer cave buried fertilizer.
In the step 5) rice tillering begin the phase rice field launch 20 ~ 30 ages in days young duck, injected volume be 150 ~ 180/
hm2, young duck puts in a suitable place to breed initial stage, suitably feeds special feed, to promote young duck to grow and adapt to paddy environment；As young duck adapts to energy
Power enhances and the foodstuffs such as field worm, grass are abundant, mainly based on the predation of young duck field, feeds supplemented by the foodstuffs such as paddy.
Rice tillering peak period in the step 6), the reduction for foodstuffs such as field grass, worms and duck appetite increase in demand
In the case of, launch foodstuff at dusk daily, and increase the injected volume of foodstuff with young duck weight gain.
In said program, broken chest seed rice under direct-sowing dry utilizes itself moisture and soil supply moisture and ecological blanket
Covering, in addition the appropriate fertilizer of deep placement, can ensure the rice normally nutriment of emergence and seedling growth supply.Then at described
Phase rice tillering beginning imposes 150 ~ 187.5 kg/hm of urea2, tillering regularity imposes 135 ~ 165 kg/hm of compound fertilizer2, at the beginning of booting
Phase imposes 67.5 ~ 90 kg/hm of compound fertilizer2, water depth 3 ~ 4 cm in rice field is kept before each top dressing of rice.
In said program, the seeding row spacing of conventional rice sowing is 18 × 20 cm, and hybrid paddy rice is 20 × 25 cm, per Eco-fertilizer
Cave base applies 1 ~ 1.3 g of compound fertilizer, and phase rice tillering beginning imposes 157.50 ~ 172.5 kg/hm of urea2, tillering regularity imposes multiple
Expect 142.5 ~ 150 kg/hm in Hefei2, booting initial stage imposes 75 ~ 82.5 kg/hm of compound fertilizer2。
In said program, the pipe water method of the routine field management is：Broken chest seed rice after planting continues to keep in 15 d
Rice field drought tubulose state, then according to paddy growth and field humidity situation, rice field is suitably poured water；Tillering stage takes wetting irrigation for paddy field,
2 ~ 4 cm of water depth；When tiller later stage and stem tiller number reach number of productive ear 80%, appropriate dry field；Full heading time and milk stage
Wetting irrigation for paddy field, deep 1 cm of water layer, water consume 3 ~ 4 d rear to the greatest extent pour water again；Stage of yellow ripeness dry field.
In said program, the pest control method of the routine field management is：Field disease pest and weed mainly uses
Duck is controlled, but when the outburst of rice pest large area, biological pesticide or low toxicity and low residue pesticide need to be used to carry out in time
Prevention.
In said program, the daily visiting method of the routine field management is：After duck is launched in rice field, need at dusk daily
The growing state of duck is observed, and checks whether fence facility is intact, prevents the injury of duck flight and natural enemy；Simultaneously according to duck
The increase of sub- appetite, the appropriate feeding volume for increasing foodstuff.
In said program, described broken chest seed rice direct-sowing dry selection is in fine day or the cloudy day sows immediately or the later stage is without heavy rain
Small rainy day sowing, while rainy day unlimited discharge outlet, prevent field ponding.
The present invention technical principle be：
It was found that zero-tillage rice field soil permeability improves, mellow soil layer thickens, is conducive to improve soil fertility year by year；Soil
Earth aggregate increases, and soil enhances for storing up the ability of nutrient；Soil bulk density reduces, and is conducive to soil moisture and soil air
Growth and decline balance, increase soil to ambient water, the buffer capacity of thermal change, be plant, microorganism vital movement create it is good
Ecological environment.Improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio simultaneously can bring various remarkable effects, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio often to improve 1 percentage
Point can reduce 45.45 ten thousand tons of urea usage amount, reduce nitrogen discharged 21.73 ten thousand tons, save 45.45 ten thousand tons of fire coals, reduce production and throw
Enter about 8.18 hundred million yuan, is also conducive to soil protection, ecology and water body environment.Winter-Spring vacant field cultivates weeds, contributes to greening the earth, together
When unburned rice stubble and straw, be conducive to purify air and reduce the generation of haze.Non-tillage field exempts to fill, and has saved soaked field water,
Alleviate the problems such as soaked field is concentrated with water, water consumption is big, reduces the dispute occurred by irrigation water, be conducive to harmonious rural structure
It builds.
The present invention excavates irrigation canals and ditches draining to Winter-Spring vacant field, and using non-irrigated pipe mode, in favor of weed growth, second year is by the end of April
Grass is successively stepped on using continuous 5 d of 500 or more ducks twice, then weeds and not rotten stalk are under the action of prizing formula grass pressing board
It is built into ecological blanket, equidistantly drills to broadcast by the needle-shaped bit of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine and applies seed rice and fertilizer and thin envelope hole structure
Ecological cave is built up, forms the ecological cave blanket stereochemical structure of soil horizon, the kind bed of material (seed and fertilizer), grass layer from lower to upper.It is raw
The structure of state cave blanket is not only conducive to realize weeds full dose gently simple cropland application, but also conducive to broken chest seed rice germination and emergence, maintains soil
Earth topsoil structure, while fertilizer conventional surface being spread fertilizer over the fields and is changed into cave deep placement, to reduce the loss of fertilizer volatilization；Using non-irrigated straight
It broadcasts planting and fertilizing machine and realizes that breaking chest seed rice and fertilizer accurate quantification enters cave and keep certain seeding row spacing, non-tillage field exempts to fill dry sowing
Kind, by fit in due course it is deep, quantitatively position top dressing, rice tillering phase of beginning prevents field disease pest and weed using duck, realizes efficiently section
Water section fertilizer ecology high yield.Weeds are cultivated using Winter-Spring vacant field, farmland, unburned rice stubble and straw has been afforested, has purified air, are reduced
The generation of haze, realizes Winter-Spring vacant field and rationally utilizes；Semilate rice is sowed in zero-tillage rice field, removes soaked field site preparation link from, is tieed up
Paddy field plow layer structure is held, paddy ecosystem stability is kept；Semilate rice breaks chest seed rice and passes through itself moisture, soil moisture and life
The covering of state grass blanket acts on, and increases brokenly the water suction approach of chest seed rice, reduces the influence of external environment unfavorable factor, solves straight
Broadcast the infull problem of rice seedling；Field disease pest and weed is controlled using duck, reduces the usage amount of pesticide, realizes the life of rice green
Production；In rice field, rice shoot is able to quickly absorb nutrient appropriate deep application of fertilizer, is conducive to the formation of prosperous seedling and strong sprout；In paddy growth
Later stage reduces chemical fertilizer not using in due course suitable top dressing principle that is deep, quantitatively positioning in the case where ensureing rice normal growth and development
When input amount, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
The ecological cave blanket direct-sowing dry of the present invention has following several heavy functions：
First, the light simple field returning function of weeds, the problem of weeds processing is faced before semilate rice no-tillage seeding often, while weeds are excessively normal
Lead to mechanical rotary tillage or turns over operation difficulty.Weeds are built into ecological blanket by the present invention, realize the light letter of zero-tillage rice field weeds also
Field；
Second is that water-saving function, the present invention realizes the sowing of rice types direct-sowing dry, saves because of the soaked field water needed for farming；
Third, fertilizing and chesson function, adult duck group continuously steps on duck activity under grass and growing rice with ducks twice, is risen to soil
To intertillage and loose effect；By the excrement of its excretion, fertilization effect is played to soil；
Fourth, reducing pest and disease damage function, duck continuously while rice field is preyed on, can effectively inhibit the generation of certain germs, reduce
Radix occurs for pest and disease damage；
Fifth, oxygen-supplying function is conducive to the ventilation in eco-species cave using the thin envelope in eco-species cave and the airing function of ecological blanket；
Sixth, keeping a full stand of seedings and strong sprout function, ecological cave blanket direct-sowing dry sowing can increase the water suction approach of broken chest seed rice, be conducive to broken chest rice
The germination and emergence of kind；Eco-species cave and Eco-fertilizer cave it is equidistant it is adjacent be not attached to, avoid fertilizer to breaking the toxic action of chest seed rice；
Appropriate fertilizer base is applied in rice field, and rice shoot is able to quickly absorb nutrient, is conducive to the formation of prosperous seedling and strong sprout；
Seventh, multiple control weeds function, controlled with ecological grass mat paddy growth early period based on, the shading that paddy growth is formed is made
Supplemented by and based on interception that paddy growth mid-term is formed with paddy growth, the physics side supplemented by ecological grass mat control
Method controls weeds in field；With duck control grass during growing rice with ducks；
Eigth, saving fertilizer and high yield function, the base of appropriate fertilizer is applied fits top dressing that is deep, quantitatively positioning with the paddy growth middle and later periods in due course,
Avoid chemical fertilizer volatilization loss, dosage big and the problems such as top dressing is unreasonable；Paddy growth early period is conducive to strong sprout to fertilize using base
It is formed, the middle and later periods fits top dressing that is deep, quantitatively positioning in due course, and paddy growth is made to be in optimum state, to be established for rice high yield
Basis；
Ninth, ecological benefits function, reduces operation consumption, unburned rice stubble and straw, reduces haze, reduces irrigation water and pesticide
Usage amount；Paddy field plow layer structure is maintained, the original bio-diversity in rice field and ecosystem stability are kept.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the specific implementation schematic diagram after ecological cave blanket sowing and fertilising.
In figure：1-the weeds overwhelmed；2-rotten stalks, duck excrement are tried to plaster over the differences at the expense of principle；3-ecological blankets；4-eco-species caves and life
Equidistant 3 cm in state fertilizer cave；5-eco-species caves；6-Eco-fertilizer caves.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of one embodiment of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method of the present invention includes the following steps：
1) ecological cave blanket structure：A) ecological blanket blank（Careless blanket）Structure：Winter-Spring vacant field drought pipe, and opened in rice field centre position
Cross ditch is dug, paddy field drainage mouth is opened wide, in favor of weed growth；Second year by the end of April, keeps having water in the irrigation canals and ditches, field face without
Water catches up at least 500 adult continuous 5 d of duck into rice field, before 2 d allow duck search of food in rice field, used after 2d
Grass is uniformly stepped in the full rice field of human assistance feeding induction duck；Interval 3 ~ 5d again will at least 500 adult continuous 5 d of duck catch up with into
Grass is uniformly stepped in rice field using the full rice field of human assistance feeding induction duck；After stepping on grass twice, rice field surface is formed by miscellaneous
The thickness of the ecological blanket blank of grass, sposh, duck excrement and four kinds of material compositions of stalk of not rotting, ecological blanket blank is 2 to 10 cm,
Width is 2 to 8 m, 1 m or more of length；Wherein human assistance feeding method is：Duck is fed quantity of food and reduced by every morning
To one third, remaining three/double purpose electric fertilizer distributor is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, and grass is uniformly stepped in the full field of guiding duck；Twice
After stepping on grass；B) structure of ecological blanket：It is acted in ecological blanket blank with the sled formula grass pressing board of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine
Weeds and the stalk that do not rot achieve the purpose that further to be compacted weeds and the stalk that do not rot, so far form ecological blanket, main material
Material is weeds in field, and auxiliary material is sposh, duck excrement, do not rot stalk；C) ecological cave blanket, eco-species cave and Eco-fertilizer cave structure
It builds：Utilize direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine（Changsha Xinle engineering machinery Co., Ltd produces, and model is SK12HB2）Needle-shaped bit
Equidistantly drilling forms back taper hole to strip in ecological blanket, so far forms ecological cave blanket.The bottom of back taper hole is small and narrow,
Increase the contact surface of seed or fertilizer and cave wall；Top is big and wide, grows up out cave conducive to seed, fertilizer release is not produced
Raw side effect, wherein being eco-species cave for what is sowed, what it is for fertilising is Eco-fertilizer cave, and eco-species cave is adjacent with Eco-fertilizer cave
But it is not attached to.
2) sowing of ecological cave blanket and fertilizing method：Direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is the structure for completing ecological blanket before semilate rice sowing
It builds, then carries out sowing and base fertilising material；18 × 20 cm, hybrid paddy rice are 20 × 25 cm, and broken chest seed rice and fertilizer are broadcast and applies depth
Respectively 3 cm and 5 cm, seed rice are 3 cm with fertilizer parallel distance；Conventional seed rice can broadcast 5 ~ 7 per cave, and hybrid rice seed is per cave
2 ~ 3 can be broadcast, it can 0.5 ~ 2.0 g of buried fertilizer per cave.The sowing of small rainy day of fine day or cloudy day sowing or later stage without heavy rain is selected,
Rainy day opens wide discharge outlet simultaneously, prevents field ponding.Wherein：A) the specific type of seeding of ecological cave blanket：The item on ecological cave blanket
Seed is pushed on the inside of needle-shaped bit most using the Seeding box of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine while shape equidistantly bores eco-species cave
Lower, is then lifted needle-shaped bit, and lifting while opens rear cover, and seed overflows.While continuing to be lifted needle-shaped bit, rear cover
It slowly collapses and resets.By the thin envelope sowing opening of closing wheel after direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine.B) the specific fertilizing method of ecological cave blanket：
Using the fertilising box of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine by quantitative fertilizer while strip equidistantly bores Eco-fertilizer cave on ecological cave blanket
Push the lowest point on the inside of needle-shaped bit to, be then lifted needle-shaped bit, lifting while opens rear cover, and fertilizer overflows.Continue to lift
While rising needle-shaped bit, rear cover slowly collapses reset.By the closing wheel thin envelope ecology cave after direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine.c)
State after ecological cave blanket sowing and fertilising：The needle-shaped bit of sowing of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine and the needle-shaped bit that applies fertilizer respectively will
Seed and fertilizer are placed in the eco-species cave under ecological cave blanket at 3 cm and 5 cm and Eco-fertilizer cave, the horizontal distance of seed and fertilizer
For 3 cm.Since that sows is broken chest paddy, at the initial stage of sprouting, plant isolation of the root by cave wall, not with another Eco-fertilizer
Fertilizer contact in cave, but since tri-leaf period, the nutrition in Eco-fertilizer cave can be absorbed.
3) duck is launched in semilate rice rice field：The young duck of 20 ~ 30 ages in days is launched in rice tillering beginning phase rice field, and injected volume is generally
150 ~ 180/hm2.The principle supplemented by the foodstuffs such as paddy mainly is fed based on the predation of duck field during growing rice with ducks, and
According to the concrete condition that duck grows, suitably increase the feeding volume of duck foodstuff at dusk daily.
4) semilate rice fertilization time is with dosage：1 ~ 1.3 g of compound fertilizer is applied with every cave base, phase rice tillering beginning imposes urea
157.50~172.5 kg/hm2, tillering regularity imposes 142.5 ~ 150 kg/hm of compound fertilizer2, booting initial stage imposes compound fertilizer
75~82.5 kg/hm2To be best, water layer 3 ~ 4 cm in rice field is kept before each top dressing of rice.
8) after planting other field management：A) Guan Shui：15 rice fields d continue to keep non-irrigated tubulose state after rice growing；According to water
Rice grows and field humidity situation, suitably pours water；Tillering stage takes shallow water wetting irrigation for paddy field to promote tiller, 2 ~ 4 cm of water depth；Point
When tiller later stage and stem tiller number reach number of productive ear 80%, appropriate dry field；Full heading time and milk stage wetting irrigation for paddy field, water layer deep 1
Cm, water consume 3 ~ 4 d rear to the greatest extent pour water again；Stage of yellow ripeness dry field.B) pest control：Field disease pest and weed mainly uses duck to carry out
Control, but when the outburst of rice pest large area, biological pesticide need to be carried out in time or low toxicity and low residue pesticide is prevented.c)
Daily inspection：The growing state of duck need to be observed at dusk daily and check whether fence facility is intact.
The content that above-described embodiment illustrates should be understood as that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, without
For limiting the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, various equivalent forms of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
Modification fall within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1）Retain field straw after late rice harvesting, and irrigation canals and ditches draining is excavated in rice field, winter-spring season keeps field drought tubulose state to promote
Weed growth；
2）By at least 500 adult ducks, successively continuous 5 d tramples weeds to second year twice in rice field by the end of April, when trampling weeds
Full water in irrigation canals and ditches is kept, field face is anhydrous, tramples weeds and is formed after the completion by weeds, mud, duck excrement, not rotten four kinds of stalk in field face
The ecological blanket blank of material composition；
3）The weeds and the straw that do not rot that the sled formula grass pressing board carried using direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is acted in ecological blanket blank
Stalk forms ecological blanket, and direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is used in combination to drill the ecology to be formed for sowing by certain seeding row spacing in ecological blanket
The spacing in kind cave and the Eco-fertilizer cave for fertilising, eco-species cave and Eco-fertilizer cave is 3-5cm, and ecological blanket is made to be configured to ecology
Cave blanket；
4）Under no-tillage no filling state, the broken chest seed rice of semilate rice is sowed in eco-species cave using direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine and is sealed
Lid, and apply fertilizer in Eco-fertilizer cave and cover；
5）When the paddy growth in ecological cave blanket to tiller begins the phase, young duck prevention and control disease pest weeds are launched in rice field, and impose
Urea；
6）When the paddy growth in ecological cave blanket to tillering regularity imposes compound fertilizer, paddy growth to boot stage imposes multiple again
Hefei is expected, and carries out conventional field management.
2. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ecology cave blanket
Thickness be 2 to 10 cm.
3. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the eco-species cave
With Eco-fertilizer cave drilled in ecological blanket the back taper hole of formation using the needle-shaped bit of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine, it is described
Back taper hole bottom is small and narrow, and top is big and wide.
4. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that the ecology
Kind of cave and Eco-fertilizer cave are adjacent but be not attached to.
5. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the ecological blanket
Drilling, type of seeding are：The direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is utilized while strip on ecological cave blanket equidistantly bores eco-species cave
Seeding box push broken chest seed rice on the inside of the needle-shaped bit of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine lowest point, be then lifted needle-shaped bit,
Needle-shaped bit rear cover is opened while lifting, and chest seed rice is made brokenly to overflow, while continuing to be lifted needle-shaped bit, needle-shaped bit rear cover
It slowly collapses and resets, by the closing wheel capping eco-species cave of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine.
6. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the ecology
Drilling, fertilizing method are on blanket：Direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine is utilized while strip on ecological cave blanket equidistantly bores Eco-fertilizer cave
Fertilising box push quantitative fertilizer to lowest point on the inside of the needle-shaped bit of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine, be then lifted needle-shaped brill
Mouth, lifting while, open needle-shaped bit rear cover, and fertilizer is made to overflow, while continuing to be lifted needle-shaped bit, needle-shaped bit rear cover
It slowly collapses and resets, by the closing wheel capping Eco-fertilizer cave of direct-sowing dry planting and fertilizing machine.
7. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1）In
The cross irrigation canals and ditches of a straight-through rice field surrounding are opened in rice field with ditching machine in rice field centre position, and open wide paddy field drainage mouth, real
Row winter-spring season drought pipe.
8. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 or claim 7, which is characterized in that the step
2) forming method of ecological blanket blank is in：Second year by the end of April, keeps having water in the irrigation canals and ditches, field face is anhydrous, then will at least
500 adult continuous 5 d of duck are caught up with into rice field, before 2 d allow duck search of food in rice field, human assistance is used after 2 d
Grass is uniformly stepped in the full rice field of feeding induction duck；At least 500 adult continuous 5 d of duck are caught up with used into rice field again by 3 ~ 5d of interval
Grass is uniformly stepped in the full rice field of human assistance feeding induction duck；After stepping on grass twice, rice field surface is formed by weeds, sposh, duck
The ecological blanket blank of excrement and four kinds of material compositions of stalk of not rotting；The wherein described human assistance feeding method is：Every morning duck
The quantity of food that son feeds is reduced to one third, and remaining 2/3rds food is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields with electric fertilizer distributor in field, guiding
Grass is uniformly stepped in the full field of duck.
9. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5)
The young duck of 20 ~ 30 ages in days is launched in the rice field of phase rice tillering beginning, and injected volume is 150 ~ 180/hm2, young duck puts initial stage in a suitable place to breed, feeds
Special feed after young duck adapts to field conditions, based on the predation of young duck field, is fed supplemented by foodstuff；Rice in the step 6)
When tillering regularity, foodstuff is launched at dusk daily, and increase the injected volume of foodstuff with young duck weight gain.
10. a kind of Winter-Spring vacant field semilate rice no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that conventional rice is broadcast
The seeding row spacing of kind is 18 × 20 cm, and hybrid paddy rice is 20 × 25 cm, and 1 ~ 1.3 g of compound fertilizer, rice point are applied per Eco-fertilizer cave base
Phase tiller beginning imposes 157.50 ~ 172.5 kg/hm of urea2, tillering regularity imposes 142.5 ~ 150 kg/hm of compound fertilizer2, at the beginning of booting
Phase imposes 75 ~ 82.5 kg/hm of compound fertilizer2。
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| CN114236065A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-25 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Method capable of greatly improving pesticide effect test precision of rice field herbicide |
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