CN108293729A - A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108293729A CN108293729A CN201710660401.3A CN201710660401A CN108293729A CN 108293729 A CN108293729 A CN 108293729A CN 201710660401 A CN201710660401 A CN 201710660401A CN 108293729 A CN108293729 A CN 108293729A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural methods, according to dry land wheat uptake characters, Labile soil organic carbon and stay the no-tillage demand of film, it carries out organic fertilizer and rationally matching for chemical fertilizer applies, wheat or the crushing of maize straw stalk crasher are uniformly mixed with straw decomposing inoculant and be spread on field, ploughs deeply bury immediately；Preceding crop harvest after deep plough immediately stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving store moisture in the soil, tilling depth, then harrow a kind of farm tools receive moisture in the soil；Using the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing before overlay film；Tunica albuginea uses full film not Casing ways using full film Casing ways, black film；Overlay film is necessary for thin spongy soils with soil；Plan carries out no-tillage multicroping and selects routine PE films；Various regions, which are worked as, to be sowed on the basis of broadcasting in suitable sowing date evening under conditions of fine；Mulch, the timely weeding of time out are protected after harvesting wheat；The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows the organic matter for keeping soil, ensure that topsoil soils will not deteriorate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, are related to a kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method.
Background technology
Wheat is the most important cereal crops in Dryland, is covered in occupation of important position, mulch in the grain-production of region
Lid cultivation technique be dry land wheat stable yields, volume increase technical guarantee, and full film earthing bunch planting cultivation technique is typical generation therein
Table, the technology integrate that covering suppression is steamed, film surface sowing cave collects the technologies such as rain, collect the rain moisture, heat it is extremely aobvious with effect of increasing production
It writes.In recent years, under the promotion of the full film earthing bunch planting cultivation technique of wheat, the more conventional cropping pattern of dry land wheat yield improves
40% or more, breakthrough is achieved, huge contribution is made that for Dryland grain security.However, on the one hand, chronically
Film, which covers and largely applies chemical fertilizer, can cause the decline of the soil organism and deteriorating for topsoil soils physicochemical character；Another party
Face, currently mulch used in the technology is polyethylene film, the residual film pollution becoming serious thus brought.Problem above becomes limit
The key factor that nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat processed further develops.Therefore, subtract in national chemical fertilizer and apply synergy and agricultural production and ecology
Under the overall background of coordinated development, it is badly in need of pushing nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat to cultivate healthy and sustainable development by the innovation of cultural method.
The existing full film earthing bunch planting cultivation technique of dry land wheat refers to utilizing the full covered ground of polyethylene ground film in field
Afterwards, then one layer of 1cm of mulch overlying or so soil, then use hill-drop drill bunch planting wheat on film, can no-tillage more batches an of overlay film
Plantation.It is suitble to promote and apply in the arid of annual rainfall 300-600mm, semiarid zone.Recommended rate of fertilizer application is N150-225kg/hm2、
P2O5105-150kg/hm2, nitrogenous fertilizer is based on common urea.Covering material is the Plain PE film of thickness 0.01mm.It is existing
The full film earthing bunch planting cultivation technique of dry land wheat can significantly improve Dryland rainwater use efficiency, wheat yield and water utilization
Efficiency.But the non-system of the technology considers Rational Application and the residual film pollution problem of chemical fertilizer, the technology, which is used for a long time, can lead to soil
The decline of earth organic matter and deteriorating for topsoil soils physicochemical character, and serious residual film pollution problem can be brought, lasting volume increase,
Production rate-maintenance capability and sustainability are poor.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural methods, and it is small to solve existing nonirrigated farmland
The full film earthing bunch planting cultivation technique of wheat largely uses the soil organism caused by chemical fertilizer and polyethylene ground film to decline for a long time, topsoil is native
The problems such as earth physicochemical character deteriorates, farmland incomplete film pollution and productivity effect is low.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to follow the steps below：
(1) it applies fertilizer：According to dry land wheat uptake characters, Labile soil organic carbon and stay the no-tillage demand of film, carry out organic fertilizer and
Rationally matching for chemical fertilizer is applied, and fertilizer nitrogen selects slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.It is non-that the no-tillage field of film is stayed to apply high-quality 2000~3000kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure
667m2Or 100~150kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2, per 667m2Pure N to fertilize：6~8kg,
P2O5：6~8kg；The plot of no-tillage multicroping, the high-quality 3000~4000kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure of deep placement are carried out for plan
667m2Or 200~250kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2；Per 667m2Pure N to fertilize：8~10kg,
P2O5：8~10kg；
(2) straw-returning：Wheat or maize straw are ground into the broken straw of 3~5cm long with stalk crasher, with stalk corruption
Ripe dose of uniform mixing is spread on field, ploughs deeply bury immediately；
(3) subsoiling：Refer to deep plough immediately after preceding crop harvests stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving and store moisture in the soil, then 25~30cm of tilling depth harrows a kind of farm tools
Receive moisture in the soil；Using the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing before overlay film, for corn crops for rotation, rotary cultivator rotary tillage is used after first deep ploughing again, and
It is suppressed, to break plough sole and broken corn root stubble；The plot that no-tillage multicroping is carried out for plan is unscrewed using deep
Machinery unscrew deeply, 35~40cm of tilling depth；
(4) mulch is covered：Tunica albuginea uses full film not Casing ways using full film Casing ways, black film；Flat plot uses
Power traction overlay film earthing all-in-one machine carries out overlay film earthing, and sloping upland of the gradient less than 15 ° uses manpower overlay film drag links overlay film；
Close proximity between film web, what self-assembling formation 3cm or so was high between film web blocks rain micro-ridge；Overlay film wants smooth, full film Casing ways film
Upper uniform earthing is advisable with invisible mulch, and overlay film is necessary for thin spongy soils with soil；Such as plan to carry out no-tillage multicroping, then answers
Conventional polyvinyl mulch is selected, whole life cycle design should not be used；
(5) it sows：Seedling is provided in order to avoid earthing is hardened causes difficulty, various regions to work as on the basis of broadcasting in suitable sowing date evening,
The rainy day is avoided, is sowed under conditions of fine；Small plot selects Manpower drill sowing, larger and smooth plot to use
Full film earthing bunch planting all-in-one machine sowing；
(6) stay more batches of film no-tillage：Mulch, the timely weeding of time out, no-tillage cultivation mode master are protected after harvesting wheat
Stay that film is two batches no-tillage, three batches and four batches of three kinds of cropping patterns；In second stubble crop seedling stage, using manually spreading fertilizer over the fields or use hill-drop drill
Impose fertilizer.
Further, in step (4), mulch is covered：Select the whole life cycle design of breadth 120cm；Stay 3 between film web~
5cm spacing；Uniform earthing 1cm on full film Casing ways film.
Further, in step (5), winter wheat suitable sowing date is September 25 to October 15, and spring wheat suitable sowing date is 3
The moon 15 to 25.
Further, in step (6), lower stubble plantation wheat, broad bean, soybean, rape, flax, third stubble, the 4th batch cannot connect
Make wheat.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows substituted by organic fertilizer, slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, straw chopping and returning, complete biodegradable
Film, the technical measures such as stay film no-tillage, improve soil organic matter content, improve topsoil soils physicochemical character, adjust wheat nutrition life
It is long with reproductive growth process, reduce farmland incomplete film pollution, cooperative achievement nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat chemical fertilizer subtract apply synergy, crop persistently increases
Production and ecological environment security.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail With reference to embodiment.
The method of the present invention fertilising, straw-returning, subsoiling, overlay film, sowing have being removed after the wheat summer harvest for no-tillage plan
Weeds stay film is no-tillage to be ready for lower stubble.
1 broadcasts preceding preparation
1.1 plot select
Select soil layer it is deep, the soil is porous, fertile soil, 15 ° of gradient valley below, plateau, terraced fields, Gou Badi, it is preceding
Stubble crop is advisable with beans, rape, wheat, and potato, corn crops for rotation take second place.
1.2 site preparations and soil treatment
Preceding crop harvest after deep plough immediately stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving store moisture in the soil, 25~30cm of tilling depth, then harrow a kind of farm tools receive moisture in the soil；Before overlay film
Rotary cultivator rotary tillage for corn crops for rotation is used, and carry out town using the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing again after preferably first deep ploughing
Pressure, to break plough sole and broken corn root stubble.The plot that no-tillage multicroping is carried out for plan unscrews machine preferably with deep
Tool unscrew deeply, 35~40cm of tilling depth.
The serious plot of subterranean pest-insect, per 667m2Add 10 times of water with 50% phoxim or 48% chlorpyrifos ec 0.50kg, sprays
Thin sand and soil 50kg is mixed, is made after pesticide-clay mixture is spread fertilizer over the fields and ploughs shallowly.The serious plot of Weed infestation, with 50% acetochlor ec before overlay film
100g sprays the full ground water 50kg, timely overlay film after having sprayed.
1.3 fertilising
Subtracted according to chemical fertilizer and apply synergy principle, progress organic and inorganic fertilizer, which is matched, to be applied, and it is slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to change conventional urea.In conjunction with depth
Stubble-cleaning is ploughed, high-quality 2000~3000kg/667m of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied2Or the organic commercial fertilizer 100 of the content of organic matter >=45%~
150kg/667m2；In conjunction with last time site preparation, per 667m2Apply pure N：6~8kg (slow-release nitrogen fertilizer), P2O5：6~8kg.
The plot that no-tillage multicroping is carried out for plan, in conjunction with it is mechanical it is deep unscrew, the high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure of deep placement 3000
~4000kg/667m2Or 200~250kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2；It is whole in conjunction with last time
Ground, per 667m2Apply pure N：8~10kg (slow-release nitrogen fertilizer), P2O5：8~10kg.
1.4 straw-returning
Wheat or maize straw are ground into the broken straw of 3~5cm long with stalk crasher, uniformly mixed with straw decomposing inoculant
Be spread on field, plough deeply bury immediately, be allowed to rot decomposition, straw-returning process with deep ploughing stubble-cleaning and organic fertilizer application simultaneously into
Row, and carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted by organic fertilizer application.Crop-residue incorporation is 300~350kg/667m2, with applying straw decomposing inoculant 2
~3kg/667m2, keep soil moisture content 15% or so.1.5 mulches select
Select thickness for the whole life cycle design of 0.008~0.01mm, 120cm, per 667m26~8kg of dosage or so.
Plan, which carries out no-tillage multicroping, should select conventional polyvinyl mulch, should not select Biodegradable mulch.
1.6 variety selection
Select the high yield, fine quality of drought resisting, resistant to lodging, stripe rust resisting etc..Spring wheat such as Gansu Province spring 27, west drought 2, west drought
No. 3, the sweet spring No. 25, Dingxi 41, face the kinds such as wheat No. 36, winter wheat such as blue sky 26, blue sky 27, Gansu Province mirror 386, Gansu Province mirror
301, the kinds such as No. 3 in No. 27 central sill 25, central sill Gansu Province.
1.7 seed treatment
Stripe rust, powdery mildew, smut and the areas subterranean pest-insect Yi Fa, dressing seed is required before sowing.Prevent stripe rust, white
0.2% (the 100kg that 15% trazodone wettable powder presses grain weight can be selected in powder disease, smut, take-all, root rot
Seed medication 200g) uniform dry mixing seed；Prevent subterranean pest-insect, spider, wheat aphid etc., can be selected 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or
48% chlorpyrifos ec press grain weight 0.2% (100kg seeds medication 200g), be watered 3~5kg seed dressing, mix rear heap bored 12~
It sows for 24 hours.
2 overlay film earthing
The whole life cycle design of breadth 120cm, tunica albuginea is selected to use full film not earthing using full film Casing ways, black film
Mode.Flat plot can be used power traction overlay film earthing all-in-one machine and carry out overlay film earthing, and sloping upland of the gradient less than 15 ° can be adopted
With manpower overlay film drag links overlay film.Between film web can close proximity, can also stay 3~5cm spacing, self-assembling formation 3cm is left between film web
It is right high to block rain micro-ridge.Overlay film wants smooth, uniform earthing 1cm or so on full film Casing ways film, i.e., with substantially invisible mulch
It is advisable, overlay film is necessary for thin spongy soils with soil.
Depending on overlay film basis of time soil moisture content, when arable layer water content is 13%~15%, it can be sowed in overlay film；
When arable layer water content be less than 13% when, to wait rain lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil or plastic film mulch improving soil moisture in advance, soil moisture conservation；As soil moisture is excessive, it is necessary into
Row turns over drying 1~2 day, then harrows the smooth soil of pine planting after plastic covered again, and planting hole when wheat cultivation is avoided to be blocked.After overlay film
It prevents people and animals from trampleing on, to extend mulch service life, improves soil moisture conservation effect.
3 sowings
3.1 seeding machine regulating
The seeder of different type of machines and model controls methods difference, the maximum of seeding down and the minimum range of seeding down
It is different.Seed need to adjust gear size outside hill-drop drill by the hill-drop drill of outer groove-wheel controlled discharge volume, and seed is mounted in hill-drop drill
Hill-drop drill in hourglass head need to open hourglass head and adjust discharge capacity by cave.Seeding machine regulating should be instructed by technical staff, Yi Mianbo
It planted dilute or overstocked.
3.2 seedtime
Winter wheat date of seeding, should postpone 10-15 days than local open country wheat, and suitable sowing date is September 25 days to October 15；Spring
Wheat sowing date for early sowing.Seedling is provided in order to avoid earthing is hardened causes difficulty, various regions that should as possible be kept away on the basis of optimum period, evening was broadcast
The rainy day is opened, is sowed under conditions of fine, grasping after planting wheat as possible can substantially emerge before rainfall, strive for saving from damage
Seedling lays the foundation for stable high yield.
3.3 sowing specifications
It is sowed using hill-drop drill, 3~5cm of depth of planting, 15~16cm of line-spacing, the every width film of hill spacing 12cm, 120cm mulch is broadcast
7~8 rows.Uniline hill-drop drill is used when sowing sows with film same direction, can mitigate kind of plant hole and ground fenestra inconsistent phenomenon, reduce
Put seedling number；When sowing, leg speed is uniform, and the too fast seeding down of leg speed is very little, and the slow seeding down of leg speed is too many.Two are first broadcast on same width film
Side is sowed from outside to inside, and not only controllably film did not moved, but also convenient for controlling the line number of every width film.
3.4 thickness of sowing
It should strictly consider to calculate the grain per cave after single plant available tillering, Winter Wheat Area should deduct single plant effective tillering per bunch planting amount
Number, spring wheat area can not calculate single plant tiller number.Early sowing density answer it is slightly smaller, evening broadcast density answer it is slightly larger.Spring wheat with stem at
Based on fringe, the amount of broadcasting should be suitably increased.It various regions should be strictly rationally true according to Wheat Varieties, precipitation, frost-free period, height above sea level
Determine application rate.15~16cm of general line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, winter wheat is per 8~12, cave, 10~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；Winter is small
Wheat is per 9~12, cave, 11~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2.It is recommended that in the regions 300~400mm of rainfall, winter wheat line-spacing 16cm, cave
Away from 12cm, every bunch planting 8~9,10~11kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；In the regions 400~500mm of rainfall, line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing
12cm, every bunch planting 9~10,11~12kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；In the regions 500~600mm of rainfall, line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing
12cm, every bunch planting 10~12,12~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2.Spring wheat accordingly increases the amount of broadcasting 10% compared with winter wheat.
4 field management
4.1 prophase management
After planting meet rain to abolish in time it is hardened, it is general using rake a kind of farm tools device by hand or special to abolish hardened device and multiply Surface Humid
It abolishes, then influences to abolish effect when ground surface soil is dry and cracked；If it was found that the dislocation of seedling hole causes film to push seedling, seedling sealing should be put in time；It meets
A small amount of weeds then carry out artificial weeding.It overlay film and should after planting check wheatland overlay film situation, reinforce mulch protection, if finding mulch
It is blown up or is trampleed on by animal and damaged, should be repaired in time.
4.2 lodging-prevention
Easily there is prosperous length in wheat under the conditions of Winter wheat, there is the prosperous long field that lodging is inclined to, and is selected at jointing initial stage
50% 100~300 times of cycocel liquid or 20% Zhuang Feng An 30~40ml of missible oil are watered 30~40kg, and even spraying is prevented, can
Internode elongation is effectively inhibited, plant is made to downgrade, basal part of stem is thick and stiff, to prevent lodging.
4.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
When stripe rust disease leaf rate reaches 5% up to 10%, powdery mildew disease leaf rate during fertility, per 667m2With 15% 3 file ketone
Wettable powder 75g~100g, or with 12.5% olefin conversion wettable powder 20g~30g, it is watered 50kg spraying preventions；Wheat aphid,
The serious wheatland of spider, per 667m2With 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 20ml, it is watered 50kg spraying preventions.It lives in Myospalax fontanieri(Milne-Edwards)
Dynamic peak period (late March to mid-May) selects zokor spirit period poison bait or bow and arrow to shoot to death.
4.4 1 spray three proofings
Since Post flowering the 10th day, 1~2 " a spray three proofings " integrated control is carried out, two minor ticks 10~15 days spray
It should be carried out in the dusk or morning of temperature lower cloudy day or fine day.It is specific can be selected two kinds with medicine composition：
Formula 1：Per 667m2With 15% trazodone wettable powder 60g~80g, 10% imidacloprid 20g~30g, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium 100g is watered 30kg sprayings after mixing；
Formula 2：Per 667m2With 12.5% olefin conversion wettable powder 25g~30g, 50% Aphox wettable powder
20g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g are watered 30kg sprayings after mixing.
5 harvest in due course
Wheat ripe seed is hardened, and low stubble harvesting, strives for that Every grain should be sent to the granary in time.Artificial harvest is generally taken, or uses hand
Dynamic small harvester is harvested.It has to protect mulch when harvest, plan carries out the plot of no-tillage multicroping, forbids big
Medium-sized agricultural transporting vehicle and large-scale combine harvester are into ground harvesting, roping, it is ensured that one time overlay film continuously plants more batches.It is non-no-tillage
The field of multicroping remains in the not degradable degradative plastic film relic of earth's surface and does not have to pick up, and machinery ploughs deeply that bury can be complete
Degradable.
6 stay the no-tillage multicroping of film
Plan stay the field of the no-tillage multicroping of film, and the harvest height for the stubble left should be less than 5cm, be protected after harvesting wheat
Good mulch, the timely weeding of time out.No-tillage cultivation mode mainly stays that film is two batches no-tillage, three batches and four batches of three kinds of cropping patterns.
According to circumstances, lower stubble can plant wheat, broad bean, soybean, rape, flax etc. in each region, third stubble, the 4th batch can not continuous cropping it is small
Wheat.In second stubble crop seedling stage, spreads fertilizer over the fields using artificial or impose fertilizer (impose after snow, imposed before rain) with hill-drop drill.No-tillage cultivation
After, manually or with special incomplete film-recovering machine remove residual film, it is desirable that the rate of recovery reaches 95% or more.
The results show that it can using this method on Dingxi, Gansu, silver, Qingyang, Pingliang and other places by large area experiment and demonstration
So that dry land wheat per mu yield is reached 200~450kg or more, save chemical fertilizer 20%~30%, topsoil soils organic matter improves 0.29
Percentage point, plastic-sheet-covered wheat farmland incomplete film is effectively controlled, and mu saves 80 yuan of damaged film gathering cost or more, cost-saving synergistic effect
Significantly.
The above is only the better embodiment to the present invention, not makees limit in any form to the present invention
System, every any simple modification that embodiment of above is made according to the technical essence of the invention, equivalent variations and modification,
Belong in the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method, it is characterised in that follow the steps below：
(1) it applies fertilizer：According to dry land wheat uptake characters, Labile soil organic carbon and the no-tillage demand of film is stayed, carries out organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer
Rationally with applying, fertilizer nitrogen selects slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, non-that the no-tillage field of film is stayed to apply high-quality 2000~3000kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure
667m2Or 100~150kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2, per 667m2Pure N to fertilize：6~8kg,
P2O5：6~8kg；The plot of no-tillage multicroping, the high-quality 3000~4000kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure of deep placement are carried out for plan
667m2Or 200~250kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2；Per 667m2Pure N to fertilize：8~10kg,
P2O5：8~10kg；
(2) straw-returning：Wheat or maize straw are ground into the broken straw of 3~5cm long with stalk crasher, with straw decomposing inoculant
Uniformly mixing is spread on field, ploughs deeply bury immediately；
(3) subsoiling：Refer to deep plough immediately after preceding crop harvests stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving and store moisture in the soil, then 25~30cm of tilling depth harrows a kind of farm tools and receives
Moisture in the soil；For corn crops for rotation rotary cultivator rotary tillage is used after first deep ploughing again, is gone forward side by side using the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing before overlay film
Row suppression, to break plough sole and broken corn root stubble；The plot that no-tillage multicroping is carried out for plan unscrews machine using deep
Tool unscrew deeply, 35~40cm of tilling depth；
(4) mulch is covered：Tunica albuginea uses full film not Casing ways using full film Casing ways, black film；Flat plot uses power
It draws overlay film earthing all-in-one machine and carries out overlay film earthing, sloping upland of the gradient less than 15 ° uses manpower overlay film drag links overlay film；Film web
Between close proximity, what self-assembling formation 3cm or so was high between film web blocks rain micro-ridge；Overlay film wants smooth, on full film Casing ways film
Even earthing is advisable with invisible mulch, and overlay film is necessary for thin spongy soils with soil；No-tillage multicroping selects conventional polyvinyl mulch；
(5) it sows：Seedling is provided in order to avoid earthing is hardened causes difficulty, various regions to be avoided on the basis of broadcasting in suitable sowing date evening
Rainy day is sowed under conditions of fine；Small plot selects Manpower drill sowing, larger and smooth plot to use full film
Earthing bunch planting all-in-one machine is sowed；
(6) stay more batches of film no-tillage：Mulch, the timely weeding of time out are protected after harvesting wheat, no-tillage cultivation mode stays film
No-tillage two batches, three batches and four batches three kinds of cropping patterns；In second stubble crop seedling stage, spread fertilizer over the fields or with hill-drop drill dressing fertilizer using artificial
Material.
2. according to nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (4),
Cover mulch：Select the whole life cycle design of breadth 120cm；3~5cm spacing is stayed between film web；On full film Casing ways film
Uniform earthing 1cm.
3. according to nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (5),
Winter wheat suitable sowing date is September 25 to October 15, and spring wheat suitable sowing date was March 15 to 25.
4. according to nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (6),
Lower stubble plantation wheat, broad bean, soybean, rape, flax, third stubble, the 4th batch be unable to continuous cropping wheat.
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| CN201710660401.3A CN108293729A (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method |
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| CN201710660401.3A CN108293729A (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method |
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| CN110476747A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-22 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of wheat deep ploughing strong sprout cultural method |
| CN114375630A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-22 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil plough layer expansion method |
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| CN115812376A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-21 | 石河子大学 | Method for directly crushing cotton straws and returning the crushed cotton straws to field |
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