CN108287123B - CO under dynamic filtration2Fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device and method - Google Patents
CO under dynamic filtration2Fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108287123B CN108287123B CN201810109448.5A CN201810109448A CN108287123B CN 108287123 B CN108287123 B CN 108287123B CN 201810109448 A CN201810109448 A CN 201810109448A CN 108287123 B CN108287123 B CN 108287123B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N2011/006—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system
- G01N2011/008—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system optical properties
Abstract
The invention relates to a visualization device and a visualization method for measuring sand carrying performance of a CO2 fracturing fluid under a high-pressure dynamic fluid loss condition, and belongs to the technical field of devices for simulating fracturing reformation of oil and gas fields and evaluating the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid monitoring system comprises a sand carrying measuring device and an image acquisition device, and is characterized by further comprising a fluid loss measuring device, wherein the visualization device is communicated through a connecting pipeline, and fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline; the sand-carrying measuring device comprises a visual inner cavity and is used for simulating a sand-carrying flowing process of fracturing fluid in a fracturing fracture; the fluid loss measuring device is communicated with the visual inner cavity and is used for simulating the influence of stratums with different permeability in the fractured fracture on the fluid loss process; the image acquisition device is used for acquiring the sand-carrying flowing form of the fracturing fluid and analyzing data. The invention can simulate the change of the fluid loss performance of the fracturing fluid under the influence of different permeability of the stratum rock matrix when the fracturing fluid enters the stratum rock matrix through the wall surface of the fracture along the flowing direction of the fracturing fluid in the actual fracturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a visual testing device and method for carrying sand by CO2 fracturing fluid under dynamic filtration, and belongs to the technical field of devices for simulating fracturing reformation of oil and gas fields and evaluating sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid.
Background
Along with the large-scale development of oil and gas reservoirs, the fracturing technology becomes an important technical means for yield-increasing development of the oil and gas reservoirs, and in the fracturing process, a fracturing fluid is mainly used for carrying a proppant into a fracture, and a proppant fracture channel with high flow conductivity can be formed in a reservoir after the fracturing fracture is closed. The actual fracturing process is simulated, the filtration performance and the sand carrying performance of the sand carrying liquid are measured, and the appropriate fracturing liquid can be selected in the actual fracturing process to guarantee the fracturing effect. In the actual fracturing process, in a fracture, along the flowing direction of fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid can enter a stratum rock matrix through the wall surface of the fracture, and the filtration process of the fracturing fluid can be influenced by the different permeability of the stratum rock matrix, namely the filtration of the fracturing fluid is a dynamically changing process. And the change of the filtration loss can further influence the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid. Therefore, when the fracturing fluid flows in the fracture, the fluid loss performance is changed under the influence of the permeability of the surrounding stratum, and further the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid is influenced.
The liquid CO2 dry fracturing refers to a production increasing process for fracturing and transforming oil and gas reservoirs by using pure liquid CO2 as fracturing fluid. Compared with water-based fracturing fluids, CO2 fracturing has unique advantages: no residue, good compatibility and pollution reduction; the CO2 has strong fluidity and can enter micro cracks in the reservoir to better ditch the reservoir; expanding gas in the fractured stratum to accelerate flowback; meanwhile, CO2 is easily dissolved in crude oil, reduces the viscosity of the crude oil and is beneficial to improving the recovery ratio of the crude oil. The performance of the liquid CO2 dry fracturing is of great significance for improving the fracturing modification effect and the final recovery ratio of unconventional compact oil-gas layers, especially sensitive formations, and has good application prospects. There are technical difficulties in liquid CO2 dry fracturing applications. The viscosity of the liquid CO2 is extremely low, generally 0.02-0.16 mPa.s, and the physical properties such as viscosity, density, surface tension and the like are closely related to temperature and pressure, so that the sand carrying capacity in the fracturing process is poor, sand is easy to remove, sand blockage is formed, and the low viscosity causes large filtration loss.
Therefore, after the viscosity of the liquid CO2 is required to be measured and changed, the fluid loss performance and the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid under the high-pressure dynamic fluid loss condition are required to be measured, and the conventional fracturing fluid sand carrying measuring device is simple in structure and single in function, and cannot test the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid under the fluid loss conditions of strata with different permeabilities.
Chinese patent document CN206002508U discloses a fracturing fluid sand-carrying effect evaluation device, which is a device for evaluating the fracturing fluid sand-carrying effect in a large-scale loop system. However, the patent technology only aims at common conventional fracturing fluid, has limited pressure resistance and is not suitable for evaluating the sand carrying capacity of liquid CO2 fracturing fluid under high pressure; the device does not consider that the sand carrying liquid can be leaked out to surrounding strata in the fracturing process, and the sand carrying performance can be influenced due to dynamic leakage, so that the real conditions in the fracturing construction can not be simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides CO under dynamic filtration2A fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device;
the invention also provides the CO measurement method2A method for measuring the sand carrying performance of a visual device under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss of fracturing fluid.
The invention realizes the evaluation of liquid CO under the condition of dynamic fluid loss2The sand carrying performance and the fluid loss performance of the fracturing fluid or the conventional single-phase fracturing fluid can simulate the influence of the change of the formation permeability in the same fracture along the flowing direction of the sand carrying fluid on the sand carrying performance, can also simulate the sand carrying performance in the formation fractures with different permeabilities, and simultaneously measure the fluid loss performance of the fracturing fluid or the conventional single-phase fracturing fluid.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
CO under dynamic filtration2The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device comprises a sand-carrying measuring device and an image acquisition device, and is characterized in that the visual device also comprises a fluid loss measuring device, the visual device is communicated through a connecting pipeline, and fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline;
the sand-carrying measuring device comprises a visual inner cavity and is used for simulating a sand-carrying flowing process of fracturing fluid in a fracturing fracture;
the fluid loss measuring devices are communicated with the visual inner cavity, the number of the fluid loss measuring devices is multiple, each group of the fluid loss measuring devices comprises a rock core holder and a rock core, the rock core is arranged in the rock core holder, and the fluid loss measuring devices are used for simulating the influence of different permeability strata in a fracturing fracture on a fluid loss process;
the image acquisition device is arranged on the upper part of the visual inner cavity, comprises a computer and a camera and is used for acquiring the sand-carrying flowing form of the fracturing fluid and analyzing data. The image acquisition devices are known in the art and are not within the scope of the present invention.
The design has the advantages that the sand-carrying measuring device simulates the sand-carrying flowing process of the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fracture, the fluid loss measuring device simulates the influence of stratums with different permeability in the fracturing fracture on the fluid loss process, and the image acquisition device is used for acquiring the sand-carrying flowing form of the fracturing fluid and analyzing data; the full reduction of the dynamic fluid loss of the fracturing fluid in the fracture is realized, and the most real environment is provided for measuring the fracturing fluid.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, the sand-carrying measuring device further comprises a first valve, a circulating pump, a first pressure sensor and a sand feeder which are sequentially arranged on a sand-carrying liquid injection pipe, and a second back-pressure valve and a fourth valve which are sequentially arranged on a sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe, wherein the sand-carrying liquid injection pipe and the sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe are respectively connected to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the visual inner cavity;
each group of the fluid loss measuring devices comprises a second valve, a rock core holder, a first back pressure valve, a third valve and a mass flowmeter which are sequentially connected, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the rock core holder;
transparent plates are arranged on the left side and the right side of the visual inner cavity, and openings are formed in the transparent plates; the fluid loss measuring device penetrates through the opening through a connecting pipeline to be connected with the visual inner cavity, and fracturing fluid in the visual inner cavity enters the rock core through the opening and is used for simulating the process that the fracturing fluid is filtered and enters the stratum.
The advantage of this design is that the present invention utilizes a circulating pump to drive the liquid CO2The sand-carrying fluid flows, the proppant is added through the sand adding tank, the sand-carrying fluid circulates in the visual inner cavity and flows into the core holder through the filtration of the opening on the visual inner cavity, and the fracturing fluidThe core flows through the core and is discharged, an image acquisition device is arranged at the position outside the inner cavity of the visible window and opposite to the transparent plate, and the image acquisition device is used for acquiring liquid CO2And shooting, recording, collecting, storing and analyzing parameters of the fracturing fluid sand carrying in a sand carrying flowing form, monitoring the height of a sand bank formed by the settlement of the propping agent and the critical settlement speed, and further evaluating the sand carrying capacity of the liquid CO2 fracturing fluid in the simulated fracture.
On the other side of the invention, a first filter screen is arranged at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity on the sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe.
The advantage of the design here is that the first screen acts: firstly, when the farthest distance of a proppant particle migration place is greater than the maximum length of a fracture, filtering the proppant and accumulating the proppant at the end part of the fracture so as to research the change of the spreading form of the proppant on the end face of the fracture under the carrying of fracturing fluid of different systems; and secondly, filtering particles in the fracturing fluid to avoid damaging the back pressure valve.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, a plurality of uniform areas are arranged in the vertical direction in the inner cavity of the visible window, each area is provided with an opening corresponding to the transparent plate, and the openings are connected with a fluid loss measuring device.
On the other side of the invention, 6 regions with uniform area are arranged in the vertical direction in the inner cavity of the visible window, the number is A, B, C, D, E, F, each region is provided with 4 openings corresponding to the transparent plate at equal intervals, the upper part of each region is correspondingly connected with 1 group of filtration measuring devices through the 4 openings, and the number is a, b, c, d, e and f.
The advantage of here design lies in, 6 even regions that the area set up such as, 1 group of filtration measuring device is connected in every region, selects the rock core of installation suitable permeability in the rock core holder, and the reduction is actual in-process fracturing fluid flows in the fracturing fracture, and the filtration gets into the stratum of different permeabilities, to the influence of fracturing fluid filtration volume.
On the other side of the core holder disclosed by the invention, 4 pressure sensors and 4 temperature sensors are arranged at equal intervals on the core holder.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, sand discharge holes are formed in the bottom of the visual inner cavity and the bottom of the rock core holder, and plugging equipment is arranged on the sand discharge holes.
The advantage of here design lies in, chooses flange plugging device for use, blocks up with flange shutoff equipment in the measurement process the sand discharge hole opens flange shutoff equipment after the measurement, discharges inside residual material.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, the sand-carrying liquid injection pipe is arranged at the top of the side wall at the front part of the visual inner cavity, and the sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the top of the side wall at the rear part of the visual inner cavity.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, the length of the visual inner cavity is 500-700 mm; the height is 70-90 mm; the width is 1-3 mm. The actual crack size was simulated.
On the other side of the invention, the sand-carrying fluid injection pipe and the sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe belong to the connecting pipeline; the connecting pipeline is a stainless steel pipeline with the inner diameter of 3-6 mm.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, the core is square, the length of the core is 200-400mm, the height is 10-30mm, the width is 10-30mm, and the permeability of the core is 1 × 10-3μm2- 1 μm2。
On the other side of the invention, the transparent plate is a quartz glass plate.
On the other side of the invention, the transparent plate has a pressure resistance of 20-30 MPa.
Measuring CO as described above2The method of the visual device for the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss comprises the following steps:
assembling the device according to the experimental requirements, and selecting and installing a rock core holder and a rock core; testing the pressure resistance of the visual inner cavity, and determining that the pressure resistance is qualified without puncture and leakage; the fracturing fluid flows with sand, and the image acquisition device is started to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2A sand carrying fluid flowing form process; measuring fluid loss under dynamic fluid loss conditions; and (4) processing the fluid loss data.
On the other side disclosed by the invention, the method for processing the fluid loss data in the fluid loss data processing comprises the following steps:
5-1) plotting the fluid loss characteristic: plotting the filtrate volume Q and
the filtrate volume Q is the filtrate volume obtained by each group of fluid loss measurement devices, and t is the measurement time corresponding to the group of fluid loss devices Q;
5-2) obtaining the fluid loss coefficient: and fitting a straight-line segment of a stable stage of the fluid loss characteristic curve to obtain a slope s of the straight-line segment, and deducing a fluid loss coefficient calculation formula according to the Darcy equation:
c is the loss of fracturing fluid coefficient,
(ii) a A is the area of the end face of the core in cm2。
On the other side disclosed by the invention, the method for testing the pressure resistance of the visual inner cavity without puncture and leakage is qualified as follows: and closing a fourth valve at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity, closing second valves on all the fluid loss measuring devices, introducing high-pressure clean water into the visual inner cavity, keeping the highest construction pressure for 30-40min, and judging that the visual inner cavity is qualified in pressure test without puncture and leakage, wherein the highest construction pressure is the highest pressure-resistant value.
On the other side, the fracturing fluid flows with sand, and the image acquisition device is started to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2The method for the process of the flowing form of the sand carrying fluid comprises the following steps: opening a fourth valve at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity, opening second valves on all the fluid loss measuring devices, and adjusting the overflow pressure of a second back-pressure valve according to experimental requirements to ensure CO2In a liquid state; injecting the sand-carrying liquid into one end of the pipe and CO2Connecting the storage tanks, filling the proppant for the test into a sand feeder, and adjusting the flow rate of the fracturing fluid; opening the image acquisition device to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2A sand carrying fluid flowing form process.
Another aspect of the present disclosureThe method of fluid loss measurement under dynamic fluid loss conditions comprises: liquid CO2The liquid CO flows to the core holder through the connecting pipeline at the opening of the visual inner cavity2The fracturing fluid flows out along the length direction of the rock core through the rock core, flows through the first back pressure valve and the mass flow meter, the temperature and the pressure of the rock core in the flowing process are measured by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and the data of the mass flow meter and the temperature and pressure data of the rock core are collected and stored by the computer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the change of the fluid loss performance of the fracturing fluid is influenced by the different permeability of the stratum rock matrix along the flowing direction of the fracturing fluid and the fracturing fluid enters the stratum rock matrix through the wall surface of the fracture in the actual fracturing process.
2. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, strong safety and high efficiency, and can simulate the liquid CO by considering the formation permeability2The sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid under the fluid loss condition can synchronously carry out a sand carrying experiment and a fluid loss experiment, and the operability is high.
3. The visual window formed by the quartz glass plate can bear the impact of solid-phase particles, simulate the pressure condition of site construction and carry out liquid CO under high pressure2The evaluation of the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid has the characteristics of pressure resistance and wear resistance.
4. The data of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the mass flowmeter are collected and analyzed by a computer, and the method has the characteristics of accurate collection and high precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a visualization lumen according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is liquid CO after thickening2Fluid loss curves under formations of different permeabilities.
In fig. 1-3, 1, a sand-carrying fluid injection pipe; 2. a first valve; 3. a circulation pump; 4. a first pressure sensor; 5. a sand feeder; 6. a visualization lumen; 7. a second valve; 8. A core holder; 9. A pressure sensor; 10. a temperature sensor; 11. a core; 12. a first back pressure valve; 13. a third valve; 14. a mass flow meter; 15. a one-way valve; 16. a first filter screen; 17. a second back pressure valve; 18. a fourth valve; 19. a sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe; 20. fixing the bolt; 21. a quartz glass plate; 22. a second filter screen; 23. connecting a pipeline; 24. plugging equipment;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings of the specification, but is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1-3.
Example 1
CO under dynamic filtration2The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device comprises a sand-carrying measuring device and an image acquisition device, and is characterized in that the visual device also comprises a fluid loss measuring device, the visual device is communicated through a connecting pipeline, and the fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline;
the sand-carrying measuring device comprises a visual inner cavity 6 for simulating a sand-carrying flowing process of fracturing fluid in a fracturing fracture;
the fluid loss measuring devices are communicated with the visual inner cavity 6, the number of the fluid loss measuring devices is 6, each group of the fluid loss measuring devices comprises a rock core holder 8 and a rock core 11, the rock core 11 is arranged in the rock core holder 8, and the fluid loss measuring devices are used for simulating the influence of different permeability stratums in a fracturing fracture on a fluid loss process;
the image acquisition device is arranged on the upper part of the visual inner cavity 6, comprises a computer and a camera and is used for acquiring the fracturing fluid sand-carrying flowing form and analyzing data. The image acquisition devices are known in the art and are not within the scope of the present invention.
Example 2
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 12The visual testing device for sand carrying of the fracturing fluid is characterized by further comprising a first valve 2, a circulating pump 3, a first pressure sensor 4 and a sand adding device 5 which are sequentially arranged on the sand carrying fluid injection pipe 1 and sequentially arranged on the sand carrying fluid injection pipeThe second back pressure valve 17 and the fourth valve 18 are arranged on the liquid discharge pipe 19, and the sand-carrying liquid injection pipe 1 and the sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe 19 are respectively connected to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the visualization inner cavity 6;
each group of the fluid loss measuring devices comprises a second valve 7, a core holder 8, a first back pressure valve 12, a third valve 13 and a mass flow meter 14 which are sequentially connected, wherein 4 temperature sensors 10 and pressure sensors 9 are arranged on the core holder 8;
transparent plates are arranged on the left side and the right side of the visual inner cavity, and openings are formed in the transparent plates; the fluid loss measuring device penetrates through the opening through a connecting pipeline 23 to be connected with the visual inner cavity 6, and fracturing fluid in the visual inner cavity 6 enters the rock core 11 through the opening and is used for simulating the process that the fracturing fluid is leaked into the stratum.
Example 3
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that a first filter screen 16 is arranged at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity 6 on the sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe 19.
Example 4
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 12Visual testing arrangement of fracturing fluid sand-carrying, its difference lies in, visual window intracavity vertical direction is provided with 6 even regions of equal area, and the serial number is A, B, C, D, E, F, and the equidistance sets up 4 on every regional corresponding transparent plate the opening, every regional upper portion is passed through the opening corresponds connects 1 group's filtration measurement device, and the serial number is a, b, c, d, e, f respectively.
Example 5
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 12The visual fracturing fluid sand-carrying testing device is characterized in that sand discharge holes are formed in the bottom of the visual inner cavity 6 and the bottom of the core holder 8, and plugging equipment is arranged on the sand discharge holes.
Example 6
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that the sand-carrying fluid injection pipe 1The sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe 19 is arranged at the top of the front side wall of the visualization inner cavity 6, and the sand-carrying liquid discharge pipe 19 is arranged at the top of the rear side wall of the visualization inner cavity 6.
Example 7
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 12The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that the length of the visual inner cavity 6 is 500-700 mm; the height is 70-90 mm; the width is 1-3 mm. The actual crack size was simulated.
Example 8
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that the sand-carrying fluid injection pipe 1 and the sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe 19 belong to the connecting pipeline 23; the connecting pipeline 23 is a stainless steel pipeline with the inner diameter of 3-6 mm.
Example 9
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 12The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visualization testing device is characterized in that the rock core 11 is square, the length of the rock core 11 is 400mm, the height of the rock core 11 is 10-30mm, the width of the rock core 11 is 10-30mm, and the permeability of the rock core 11 is 1 × 10-3μm2- 1 μm2。
Example 10
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that the transparent plate is a quartz glass plate.
Example 11
CO under kinetic fluid loss as described in example 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that the pressure resistance of the transparent plate is 20-30 MPa.
Example 12
Measuring CO as described above2The method for measuring the sand carrying performance of the visual device under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss of the fracturing fluid comprises the following steps: according to the experimental requirements, assembling the device, and selecting and installing a rock core holder 8 and a rock core 11; testing the pressure resistance of the visual inner cavity 6, and determining that the pressure resistance is qualified without puncture and leakage; the fracturing fluid flows with sand, and the image acquisition device is started to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2A sand carrying fluid flowing form process; measuring fluid loss under dynamic fluid loss conditions; and (4) processing the fluid loss data.
Example 13
Measurement of CO as described in example 122The method for measuring the sand carrying performance of the visual device under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss of the fracturing fluid is characterized in that the method for processing the fluid loss data comprises the following steps:
5-1) plotting the fluid loss characteristic: plotting the filtrate volume Q and
the filtrate volume Q is the filtrate volume obtained by each group of fluid loss measurement devices, and t is the measurement time corresponding to the group of fluid loss devices Q;
5-2) obtaining the fluid loss coefficient: and fitting a straight-line segment of a stable stage of the fluid loss characteristic curve to obtain a slope s of the straight-line segment, and deducing a fluid loss coefficient calculation formula according to the Darcy equation:
c is the loss of fracturing fluid coefficient,
(ii) a A is the area of the end face of the core in cm2。
Example 14
Measurement of CO as described in example 122The method for measuring the sand carrying performance of the visual device under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss of the fracturing fluid is characterized in that the method for testing the pressure resistance of the visual inner cavity 6 without puncture and leakage is qualified as follows: and closing a fourth valve 18 at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity 6, closing second valves 7 on all the fluid loss measuring devices, introducing high-pressure clean water into the visual inner cavity 6, keeping the highest construction pressure for 30-40min, and judging that the visual inner cavity 6 is qualified in pressure test without puncture and leakage, wherein the highest construction pressure is the highest pressure-resistant value.
Example 15
Measurement of CO as described in example 122Fracturing fluidThe method for measuring the sand carrying performance of the visual device under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss is characterized in that the fracturing fluid carries sand to flow, and an image acquisition device is started to record liquid CO through shooting of a transparent plate2The method for the process of the flowing form of the sand carrying fluid comprises the following steps: opening a fourth valve 18 at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity 6, opening second valves 7 on all the fluid loss measuring devices, and adjusting the overflowing pressure of a second back-pressure valve 17 according to the experiment requirement to ensure that CO is in a certain pressure2In a liquid state; injecting the sand-carrying liquid into one end of the 1 tube and CO2Connecting the storage tanks, filling the proppant for the test into the sand feeder 5, and adjusting the flow rate of the fracturing fluid; opening the image acquisition device to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2A sand carrying fluid flowing form process.
Example 16
Measurement of CO as described in example 122The method for measuring the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid under the high-pressure dynamic fluid loss condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of: liquid CO2Flows to the core holder 8 through the connecting pipeline 23 at the opening of the visualization inner cavity 6, and liquid CO2The fracturing fluid flows out along the length direction of the rock core 11 through the rock core 11 and flows through the first back pressure valve 12 and the mass flowmeter 14, the pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 measure the temperature and the pressure of the rock core 11 in the flowing process, and the data of the mass flowmeter 14 and the temperature and pressure data of the rock core 11 are collected and stored by a computer.
Example 17
One measurement of CO described in examples 1 to 112Visualization device for sand carrying performance of fracturing fluid under high-pressure dynamic fluid loss condition and device for measuring CO in embodiments 12-162The method for measuring the sand carrying performance of the visualization device under the condition of high-pressure dynamic fluid loss of the fracturing fluid is characterized in that the particle size of a selected propping agent is 0.18-0.25mm, and the permeability of the selected propping agent is 0.32 × 10 in a, f, b, e, c and d respectively in a core holder-3μm2，0.55×10-3μm2，1.15×10-3μm2The artificial core of (1).
Selection of thickener mixed liquid CO2A fracturing fluid injected into the visualIn the chemical device, the sand carrying effect is tested, as shown in table 1:
as shown in Table 1, liquid CO containing 1% of thickening agent type TNJ-1 was mixed at 20 ℃ and 10MPa2And (3) introducing the fracturing fluid into a sand-carrying fluid injection pipe, and calculating balance data acquired by a computer to obtain filtration velocities such as a critical settling velocity, a critical velocity from static to rolling flow, a critical velocity from rolling flow to jumping migration, a critical suspension velocity and the like in the process of testing the sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid.
As shown in Table 2, liquid CO containing 1% of the thickening agent type TNJ-1 was mixed at 20 ℃ and 10MPa2And (3) introducing the fracturing fluid into a sand-carrying fluid injection pipe, recording the fluid loss measuring devices of the rock cores with different permeabilities, and processing to obtain corresponding slopes and fluid loss coefficients.
Claims (10)
1. CO under dynamic filtration2The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device comprises a sand-carrying measuring device and an image acquisition device, and is characterized by further comprising a fluid loss measuring device, wherein the visual testing device is communicated through a connecting pipeline, and fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline;
the sand-carrying measuring device comprises a visual inner cavity and is used for simulating a sand-carrying flowing process of fracturing fluid in a fracturing fracture;
the fluid loss measuring devices are communicated with the visual inner cavity, the number of the fluid loss measuring devices is multiple, each group of the fluid loss measuring devices comprises a rock core holder and a rock core, the rock core is arranged in the rock core holder, and the fluid loss measuring devices are used for simulating the influence of different permeability strata in a fracturing fracture on a fluid loss process;
the image acquisition device is arranged on the upper part of the visual inner cavity, comprises a computer and a camera and is used for acquiring the sand-carrying flowing form of the fracturing fluid and analyzing data.
2. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 12The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized by further comprising a first valve, a circulating pump, a first pressure sensor and a sand feeder which are sequentially arranged on a sand-carrying fluid injection pipe, a second back-pressure valve and a fourth valve which are sequentially arranged on a sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe, wherein the sand-carrying fluid injection pipe and the sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe are respectively connected to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the visual inner cavity;
each group of the fluid loss measuring devices comprises a second valve, a rock core holder, a first back pressure valve, a third valve and a mass flowmeter which are sequentially connected, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the rock core holder;
transparent plates are arranged on the left side and the right side of the visual inner cavity, and openings are formed in the transparent plates; the fluid loss measuring device penetrates through the opening through a connecting pipeline to be connected with the visual inner cavity, and fracturing fluid in the visual inner cavity enters the rock core through the opening and is used for simulating the process that the fracturing fluid is filtered and enters the stratum.
3. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that a first filter screen is arranged at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity on a sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe.
4. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that a plurality of uniform regions with equal areas are arranged in the vertical direction of the visual inner cavity, each region is provided with an opening corresponding to the transparent plate, and the openings are connected with a fluid loss measuring device.
5. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 22Fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testThe device, its characterized in that, visual inner chamber vertical direction is provided with 6 even equal area's region, and every region corresponds on the transparent plate equidistance and sets up 4 the opening, through 1 group of filtration measuring device are connected to the opening.
6. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that 4 pressure sensors and 4 temperature sensors are arranged on the rock core holder at equal intervals.
7. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 12The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that sand discharge holes are formed in the bottom of the visual inner cavity and the bottom of the rock core holder, and plugging equipment is arranged on the sand discharge holes.
8. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to claim 22The fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device is characterized in that the sand-carrying fluid injection pipe is arranged at the top of the front side wall of the visual inner cavity, the sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe is arranged at the top of the rear side wall of the visual inner cavity, the length of the visual inner cavity is 500-700mm, the height is 70-90mm, the width is 1-3mm, the sand-carrying fluid injection pipe and the sand-carrying fluid discharge pipe belong to the connecting pipeline, the connecting pipeline is a stainless steel pipeline with the inner diameter of 3-6mm, the rock core is square, the length of the rock core is 200-400mm, the height is 10-30mm, the width is 10-30mm, and the permeability of the rock core is 1 × 10-3μm2- 1 μm2(ii) a The transparent plate is a quartz glass plate; the transparent plate has a withstand voltage of 20-30 MPa.
9. CO under kinetic fluid loss according to any of claims 1 to 82The measuring method of the fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device comprises the following steps: assembling the device according to the experimental requirements, and selecting and installing a rock core holder and a rock core; testing the pressure resistance of the visual inner cavity, and determining that the pressure resistance is qualified without puncture and leakage; fracturing fluid flows with sand and is openedStarting the image acquisition device to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2A sand carrying fluid flowing form process; measuring fluid loss under dynamic fluid loss conditions; and (4) processing the fluid loss data.
10. The underfiltration CO of claim 92The measurement method of the fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device comprises the following steps:
5-1) plotting the fluid loss characteristic: plotting the filtrate volume Q and
the filtrate volume Q is the filtrate volume obtained by each group of fluid loss measurement devices, and t is the measurement time corresponding to the group of fluid loss devices Q;
5-2) obtaining the fluid loss coefficient: and fitting a straight-line segment of a stable stage of the fluid loss characteristic curve to obtain a slope s of the straight-line segment, and deducing a fluid loss coefficient calculation formula according to the Darcy equation:
c is the loss of fracturing fluid coefficient,
(ii) a A is the area of the end face of the core in cm2；
The method for testing the pressure resistance of the visual inner cavity without puncture and leakage is qualified as follows: closing a fourth valve at the outlet end of the visual inner cavity, closing second valves on all the fluid loss measuring devices, introducing high-pressure clean water into the visual inner cavity, keeping the highest construction pressure for 30-40min, and judging that the visual inner cavity is qualified in pressure test without puncture and leakage, wherein the highest construction pressure is the highest pressure-resistant value;
the fracturing fluid flows with sand, the image acquisition device is started to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2The method for the process of the flowing form of the sand carrying fluid comprises the following steps: opening the fourth valve at the outlet end of the visualization lumen, opening the second valves on all fluid loss measuring devicesThe valve is used for adjusting the overflowing pressure of the second back-pressure valve according to the experiment requirement to ensure CO2In a liquid state; injecting the sand-carrying liquid into one end of the pipe and CO2Connecting the storage tanks, filling the proppant for the test into a sand feeder, and adjusting the flow rate of the fracturing fluid; opening the image acquisition device to shoot and record liquid CO through the transparent plate2A sand carrying fluid flowing form process;
the method of fluid loss measurement under dynamic fluid loss conditions comprises: liquid CO2The liquid CO flows to the core holder through the connecting pipeline at the opening of the visual inner cavity2The fracturing fluid flows out along the length direction of the rock core through the rock core, flows through the first back pressure valve and the mass flow meter, the temperature and the pressure of the rock core in the flowing process are measured by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and the data of the mass flow meter and the temperature and pressure data of the rock core are collected and stored by the computer.
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| US20220326136A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-10-13 | Total S.E. | Distributed pressure measurement system for core flood experiments |
| CN111323306B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-29 | 太原理工大学 | Sand-carrying fracturing device and fracturing method for core fracturing |
| CN111398095A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Detection and evaluation method for fluid loss characteristics of fracturing fluid |
| CN112525795B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Soil body infiltration and corrosion test device at structural crack |
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