CN108287123A - A kind of measurement CO2The visualization device and method of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration - Google Patents
A kind of measurement CO2The visualization device and method of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N2011/006—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the visualization device and method of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of a kind of measurement CO2 fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtrations, the technical field for belonging to simulation oil gas field fracturing reform, evaluating fracturing fluid solid-carrying performance device.Including taking sand measuring device, image collecting device, which is characterized in that further include leak-off measuring device, the visualization device is connected to by connecting pipeline, and fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline；It includes visualization inner cavity to take sand measuring device, and sand flow process is taken in fracturing fracture for simulating fracturing fluid；Leak-off measuring device connection visualization inner cavity, for simulating influence of the different permeability formations to leak-off process in fracturing fracture；Image collecting device takes sand nowed forming and data analysis for acquiring fracturing fluid.The present invention can simulate in practical fracturing process, and along fracturing fluid flow direction, fracturing fluid enters formation rock matrix by crack wall surface, by formation rock matrix permeability it is different influenced, the variation of the filtration property of fracturing fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement CO2The visualization device of solid-carrying performance and side under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Method, the technical field for belonging to simulation oil gas field fracturing reform, evaluating fracturing fluid solid-carrying performance device.
Background technology
With the large-scale development of oil-gas reservoir, fracturing technique becomes the important technical of oil-gas reservoir volume increase exploitation, pressure break
Mainly proppant is carried in crack using fracturing fluid in the process, it can be in reservoir expert at height after fracturing fracture closure
The proppant fissure channel of flow conductivity.The practical fracturing process of simulation, measures the filtration property and solid-carrying performance of load fluid, can be with
Suitable fracturing fluid is selected in practical fracturing process, ensures fracturing effect.In practical fracturing process, in crack, along fracturing fluid
Flow direction, fracturing fluid can enter formation rock matrix by crack wall surface, and the permeability difference of formation rock matrix can shadow
The leak-off process of fracturing fluid is rung, i.e. the leak-off of fracturing fluid is the process of a dynamic change.And the variation of filter loss can be further
Influence the solid-carrying performance of fracturing fluid.So when fracturing fluid flows in crack, influenced by surrounding formations permeability, filtration property
Change, and then influences the solid-carrying performance of fracturing fluid.
Liquid CO2Dry method pressure break refers to using pure liquid CO2The volume increase of fracturing reform is carried out to oil and gas reservoir as fracturing fluid
Technique.Compared with aqueous fracturing fluid, CO2Pressure break has unique advantage：There is no residue, compatibility is good, reduces pollution；CO2Mobility
By force, the microcrack in reservoir can be entered, preferably link up reservoir；Gas expansion in stratum after pressure break accelerates the row of returning；Together
When, CO2It is soluble in crude oil, reduces viscosity of crude, is conducive to improve the recovery ratio of crude oil.Liquid CO2The above-mentioned performance pair of dry method pressure break
Have in unconventional compactness oil-gas Layer, the especially raising of the fracturing transformation effect on sensibility stratum and ultimate recovery important
Meaning has a good application prospect.But liquid CO2There is also some technical barriers in the application of dry method pressure break.Liquid CO2It is viscous
Spend extremely low, generally in 0.02-0.16mPas, and the physical properties such as its viscosity, density, surface tension and temperature and pressure are close
Cut phase is closed, and prop-carrying capacity is poor in fracturing process, is easy sand fallout, forms sand plug, causes filter loss big simultaneously because viscosity is low.
So needing to measure liquid CO2After changing its viscosity, its filtration property and sand is taken under the conditions of high pressure dynamic filtration
Performance, and to take sand measuring device simple in structure for existing fracturing fluid, has a single function, cannot achieve the filter in different permeability formations
Under the conditions of mistake, the prop-carrying capacity of mini-frac liquid.
Chinese patent literature CN206002508U is disclosed《A kind of fracturing fluid sand carrying effect evaluating apparatus》, the patent be
The device of fracturing fluid sand carrying effect is evaluated in large-scale circuit system.But the patented technology is only for normal conventional fracturing fluid, it is resistance to
Pressure energy power is limited, is not suitable for liquid CO under high pressure2The prop-carrying capacity of fracturing fluid is evaluated；The device does not account for load fluid and exists
It layer leak-off, solid-carrying performance can peripherally can be affected, can not be simulated in pressing crack construction due to dynamic filtration in fracturing process
Full-scale condition.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of measurement CO2Sand is taken under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
The visualization device of performance；
The present invention also provides above-mentioned measurement CO2The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Measurement method.
It has by the invention been realized, under the conditions of dynamic filtration, liquid CO is evaluated2Fracturing fluid or conventional single-phase fracturing fluid take grittiness
Energy and filtration property, can both simulate the variation in same crack along load fluid flow direction overlying strata permeability to solid-carrying performance
Influence, the solid-carrying performance in different permeability formations cracks can also be simulated, while measuring its filtration property.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of measurement CO2The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration, including take sand measurement
Device, image collecting device, which is characterized in that the visualization device further includes leak-off measuring device, the visualization device
It is connected to by connecting pipeline, fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline；
The sand measuring device of taking includes visualization inner cavity, is flowed over for simulating take sand of the fracturing fluid in fracturing fracture
Journey；
The leak-off measuring device is connected to the visualization inner cavity, the quantity of the leak-off measuring device be it is multigroup, every group
The leak-off measuring device includes core holding unit, rock core, and the rock core is arranged in the core holding unit, and the leak-off is surveyed
Amount device is used to simulate influence of the different permeability formations to leak-off process in fracturing fracture；
The top in the visualization inner cavity, including computer, video camera is arranged in described image harvester, for acquiring
Fracturing fluid takes sand nowed forming and data analysis.Described image harvester is the prior art, and for row, those skilled in the art are ripe
Know, is not belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
The advantage designed herein is, takes sand measuring device simulation fracturing fluid and takes sand flow process in fracturing fracture,
The leak-off measuring device simulation influence of different permeability formations to leak-off process in fracturing fracture, image collecting device is for adopting
Collection fracturing fluid takes sand nowed forming and data analysis；It realizes the full reduction to fracturing fluid dynamic filtration in crack, is pressed to measure
It splits liquid and most true environment is provided.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the sand measuring device of taking further includes be set in sequence on load fluid injection pipe
One valve, circulating pump, first pressure sensor, sand-adding device are set in sequence in the second back-pressure valve on load fluid discharge pipe, the 4th
Valve, the load fluid injection pipe and the load fluid discharge pipe be connected to it is described visualization inner cavity front side wall, after
Portion's side wall；
Leak-off measuring device described in every group includes the second valve being linked in sequence, core holding unit, the first back-pressure valve, third
Valve, mass flowmenter are provided with multiple temperature sensors, pressure sensor on the core holding unit；
It is provided with transparent panel at left and right sides of the visualization inner cavity, opening is provided on the transparent panel；The leak-off
Measuring device passes through opening connection visualization inner cavity by connecting pipeline, the fracturing fluid of the interior intracavitary of visualization by be open into
Enter rock core, the process on stratum is entered for simulating fracturing fluid leak.
The advantage designed herein is that the present invention pushes liquid CO using circulating pump2Load fluid flows, by adding silo to add
Entering proppant, load fluid flows into core holding unit in visualization inner cavity circulation via the opening leak-off on visual inner cavity,
Fracturing fluid is discharged after flowing through rock core, and image collecting device is arranged in the visual window lumen outer position opposite with transparent panel,
By image collecting device to liquid CO2Sand nowed forming is taken to carry out shooting record, acquisition, storage, analyze the ginseng that fracturing fluid takes sand
Number, while monitoring proppant and settling the whaleback height to be formed and critical dropping velocity, it further evaluates in the simulation fracture
Liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity.
Another side disclosed by the invention is provided with the on the load fluid discharge pipe in the outlet end of the visualization inner cavity
One strainer.
The advantage designed herein is, the effect of the first strainer：First, when proppant particles migration ground maximum distance is more than
When the maximum length of crack, filters proppant and it is made to be accumulated in fracture tip, to study under different system fracturing fluids carryings, support
Agent lays the variation of form in fracture end-face；Second is that the particle in fracturing fluid is filtered out, in order to avoid destroy back-pressure valve.
Another side disclosed by the invention, intracavitary vertical direction is provided with the area of multiple uniform homalographics in the visual window
Domain, each region, which corresponds to, is provided with opening on transparent panel, and leak-off measuring device is connected by the opening.
Another side disclosed by the invention, intracavitary vertical direction is provided with the region of 6 uniform homalographics in the visual window,
Number is A, B, C, D, E, F, and each region, which corresponds to, is placed equidistant with 4 openings on transparent panel, each area top passes through described 4
Opening is correspondingly connected with 1 group of leak-off measuring device, and number is a, b, c, d, e, f respectively.
The advantage designed herein is that the region of 6 uniform homalographic settings, each region connects 1 group of leak-off and measures dress
It sets, the rock core of selection installation suitable permeability in core holding unit, fracturing fluid is in fracturing fracture in the practical recovery process of reduction
Middle flowing, leak-off enter the stratum of different permeabilities, the influence to fracturing fluid leak amount.
Another side disclosed by the invention is equidistantly provided with 4 pressure sensors, 4 temperature on the core holding unit
Sensor.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the visualization intracavity bottom, the core holding unit bottom are both provided with sediment outflow
Hole is provided with plugging device on the clearance hole.
The advantage designed herein is, selects flange plugging device, is used in measurement process described in the closure of flange plugging device
Clearance hole opens flange plugging device, internal residual substance is discharged after measurement.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the load fluid injection pipe are arranged on the top of the front side wall of the visualization inner cavity
Portion, the load fluid discharge pipe are arranged at the top of the rear sidewall of the visualization inner cavity.
The length of another side disclosed by the invention, the visualization inner cavity is 500-700mm；Height is 70-90mm；Width
For 1-3mm.The practical flaw size of simulation.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the load fluid injection pipe and the load fluid discharge pipe belong to the connecting tube
Line；The connecting pipeline is the stainless steel tubing of internal diameter 3-6mm.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the rock core are rectangular, and the length of the rock core is 200-400mm, is highly 10-
The permeability of 30mm, width 10-30mm, the rock core are 1 × 10-3μm2-1μm2。
Another side disclosed by the invention, the transparent panel are quartz glass plate.
The pressure resistance of another side disclosed by the invention, the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
CO as measured above2The method of the visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration, including
Following steps：
According to requirement of experiment assembling device, selection installation core holding unit and rock core；The pressure resistance of test visualization inner cavity, no
Thorn does not leak for qualification；Fracturing fluid is taken sand flow and is moved, and opens image collecting device and passes through transparent panel shooting record liquid CO2Load fluid stream
Dynamic form process；Leak-off measures under the conditions of dynamic filtration；Leak-off data processing.
The method of another side disclosed by the invention, the leak-off Data processing leak-off data processing is：
5-1) draw filtration characteristics curve：Draw filtrate volume Q and square rootRelation curve, the filtrate volume Q
For the filtrate volume obtained by every group of leak-off measuring device, t is the corresponding time of measuring of this group of leak-off device Q；
5-2) obtain leakoff coefficent：It is fitted the straightway of the stabilization sub stage of filtration characteristics curve, obtains straight line slope over 10 m,
Leakoff coefficent calculation formula is derived according to Darcy's equation：
The C is fracturing fluid leak coefficient,A is rock core face area, cm2。
Another side disclosed by the invention, the pressure resistance of test visualization inner cavity do not pierce not leaking and are for qualified method：It closes
The 4th valve for closing visualization chamber exit end, closes the second valve in all leak-off measuring devices, into the visualization
Be passed through high pressure clear water in chamber, keep highest operation pressure 30-40min, visualization inner cavity, which is not pierced, does not leak for pressure testing qualification, it is described most
High operation pressure is the highest pressure voltage.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the fracturing fluid are taken sand flow and are moved, and open image collecting device and are shot by transparent panel
Record liquid CO2The method of load fluid nowed forming process includes：The 4th valve of visualization chamber exit end is opened, institute is opened
There is the second valve in leak-off measuring device, flowing pressure is crossed according to requirement of experiment the second back-pressure valve of adjusting, it is ensured that CO2In liquid
State state；By one end of load fluid injection pipe and CO2Storage tank is connected, and test proppant is packed into sand-adding device, pressure break is adjusted
Flow velocity；It opens image collecting device and record liquid CO is shot by transparent panel2Load fluid nowed forming process.
Another side disclosed by the invention, the method that leak-off measures under the conditions of the dynamic filtration include：Liquid CO2By can
Opening connecting pipeline depending on changing inner cavity flows to core holding unit, liquid CO2Fracturing fluid is by rock core, along rock core length direction
Outflow, flows through the first back-pressure valve and mass flowmenter, the temperature of rock core in pressure sensor and the temperature sensor measurement process of circulation
Degree, pressure, the data of mass flowmenter and the temperature, pressure data of rock core are acquired by computer and are stored.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1, the present invention simulates in practical fracturing process, and along fracturing fluid flow direction, fracturing fluid enters ground by crack wall surface
Layer Rock Matrix, by formation rock matrix permeability it is different influenced, the variation of the filtration property of fracturing fluid.
2, the present invention has the characteristics that easy to operate, high safety, efficiency are high, it may be considered that in-place permeability, simulated solution
State CO2Solid-carrying performance of fracturing fluid under the conditions of leak-off can carry out lifting sand experiment and leak-off experimental synchronous, strong operability.
3, form can bear the impact of solid phase particles, simulation scene is applied for quartz glass plate composition visualization used in the present invention
Work pressure condition carries out liquid CO under high pressure2The evaluation of fracturing fluid solid-carrying performance has the characteristics that pressure resistance is wear-resisting.
4, temperature sensor of the present invention, pressure sensor and mass flow count all by computer acquisition point
Analysis has acquisition accurately, feature with high accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is visualization inner-cavity structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is liquid CO after thickening2Leak-off curve under different permeability formations.
In Fig. 1-3,1, load fluid injection pipe；2, the first valve；3, circulating pump；4, first pressure sensor；5, sand-adding device；
6, inner cavity is visualized；7, the second valve；8, core holding unit；9, pressure sensor；10, temperature sensor；11, rock core；12,
One back-pressure valve；13, third valve；14, mass flowmenter；15, check valve；16, the first strainer；17, the second back-pressure valve；18,
Four valves；19, load fluid discharge pipe；20, fixing bolt；21, quartz glass plate；22, the second strainer；23, connecting pipeline；24、
Plugging device；
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment and Figure of description, but not limited to this.
As shown in Figs. 1-3.
Embodiment 1
A kind of measurement CO2The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration, including take sand measurement
Device, image collecting device, which is characterized in that the visualization device further includes leak-off measuring device, the visualization device
It is connected to by connecting pipeline, fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline；
The sand measuring device of taking includes visualization inner cavity 6, is moved for simulating take sand flow of the fracturing fluid in fracturing fracture
Process；
The leak-off measuring device is connected to the visualization inner cavity 6, and the quantity of the leak-off measuring device is 6 groups, every group
The leak-off measuring device includes core holding unit 8, rock core 11, and the rock core 11 is arranged in the core holding unit 8, described
Leak-off measuring device is used to simulate influence of the different permeability formations to leak-off process in fracturing fracture；
The top in the visualization inner cavity 6, including computer, video camera is arranged in described image harvester, for adopting
Collection fracturing fluid takes sand nowed forming and data analysis.Described image harvester is the prior art, for row those skilled in the art institute
It is known, it is not belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 12The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the sand measuring device of taking further includes the first valve 2, the circulating pump being set in sequence on load fluid injection pipe 1 for it
3, first pressure sensor 4, sand-adding device 5, the second back-pressure valve 17, the 4th valve being set in sequence on load fluid discharge pipe 19
18, the load fluid injection pipe 1 and the load fluid discharge pipe 19 be connected to the visualization inner cavity 6 front side wall,
Rear sidewall；
Leak-off measuring device described in every group include the second valve 7 being linked in sequence, core holding unit 8, the first back-pressure valve 12,
Third valve 13, mass flowmenter 14 are provided with 4 temperature sensors 10, pressure sensor 9 on the core holding unit 8；
It is provided with transparent panel at left and right sides of the visualization inner cavity, opening is provided on the transparent panel；The leak-off
Measuring device passes through opening connection visualization inner cavity 6 by connecting pipeline 23, visualizes the fracturing fluid in inner cavity 6 by opening
Mouth enters rock core 11, and the process on stratum is entered for simulating fracturing fluid leak.
Embodiment 3
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 22The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in be provided with the first strainer 16 on the load fluid discharge pipe 19 in the outlet end of the visualization inner cavity 6 for it.
Embodiment 4
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 12The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Its difference lies in, intracavitary vertical direction is provided with the region of 6 uniform homalographics in the visual window, number A, B, C, D, E,
F, each region correspond to and are placed equidistant with 4 openings on transparent panel, and each area top is correspondingly connected with 1 group by the opening
Leak-off measuring device, number is a, b, c, d, e, f respectively.
Embodiment 5
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 12The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in 6 bottom of visualization inner cavity, 8 bottom of the core holding unit are both provided with clearance hole, on the clearance hole for it
It is provided with plugging device.
Embodiment 6
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 22The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the load fluid injection pipe 1 is arranged in the top of the front side wall of the visualization inner cavity 6, the load fluid for it
Discharge pipe 19 is arranged at the top of the rear sidewall of the visualization inner cavity 6.
Embodiment 7
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 12The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the length of the visualization inner cavity 6 is 500-700mm for it；Height is 70-90mm；Width is 1-3mm.Simulation is real
Border flaw size.
Embodiment 8
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 22The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the load fluid injection pipe 1 and the load fluid discharge pipe 19 belong to the connecting pipeline 23 for it；The connecting tube
Line 23 is the stainless steel tubing of internal diameter 3-6mm.
Embodiment 9
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 12The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the rock core 11 is rectangular, and the length of the rock core 11 is 200-400mm, is highly 10-30mm, width is for it
The permeability of 10-30mm, the rock core 11 are 1 × 10-3μm2-1μm2。
Embodiment 10
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 22The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the transparent panel is quartz glass plate for it.
Embodiment 11
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 22The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Difference lies in the pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa for it.
Embodiment 12
CO as measured above2The measurement method of the visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration,
Include the following steps：According to requirement of experiment assembling device, selection installation core holding unit 8 and rock core 11；Test visualization inner cavity 6
Pressure resistance, do not pierce and do not leak for qualification；Fracturing fluid is taken sand flow and is moved, and opens image collecting device and passes through transparent panel shooting record liquid
CO2Load fluid nowed forming process；Leak-off measures under the conditions of dynamic filtration；Leak-off data processing.
Embodiment 13
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 122The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Measurement method, difference lies in the method for the leak-off data processing is：
5-1) draw filtration characteristics curve：Draw filtrate volume Q and square rootRelation curve, the filtrate volume Q
For the filtrate volume obtained by every group of leak-off measuring device, t is the corresponding time of measuring of this group of leak-off device Q；
5-2) obtain leakoff coefficent：It is fitted the straightway of the stabilization sub stage of filtration characteristics curve, obtains straight line slope over 10 m,
Leakoff coefficent calculation formula is derived according to Darcy's equation：
The C is fracturing fluid leak coefficient,A is rock core face area, cm2。
Embodiment 14
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 122The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Measurement method do not pierce not leaking and be for qualified method difference lies in, the pressure resistance of test visualization inner cavity 6：Closing can
The 4th valve 18 depending on changing 6 outlet end of inner cavity, closes the second valve 7 in all leak-off measuring devices, into the visualization
It is passed through high pressure clear water in chamber 6, keeps highest operation pressure 30-40min, visualization inner cavity 6, which is not pierced, does not leak for pressure testing qualification, described
Highest operation pressure is the highest pressure voltage.
Embodiment 15
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 122The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Measurement method, difference lies in, the fracturing fluid, to take sand flow dynamic, opens image collecting device and passes through transparent panel shooting record liquid
State CO2The method of load fluid nowed forming process includes：The 4th valve 18 of visualization 6 outlet end of inner cavity is opened, is opened all
The second valve 7 in leak-off measuring device crosses flowing pressure, it is ensured that CO according to requirement of experiment the second back-pressure valve 17 of adjusting2It is in
Liquid condition；Load fluid is injected to one end and the CO of 1 pipe2Storage tank is connected, and test proppant is packed into sand-adding device 5, is adjusted
Pressure break flow velocity；It opens image collecting device and record liquid CO is shot by transparent panel2Load fluid nowed forming process.
Embodiment 16
A kind of measurement CO as described in Example 122The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Measurement method, difference lies in, under the conditions of the dynamic filtration leak-off measure method include：Liquid CO2Pass through visualization
The opening connecting pipeline 23 of inner cavity 6 flows to core holding unit 8, liquid CO2Fracturing fluid is by rock core 11, along 11 length of rock core
Direction is flowed out, and the first back-pressure valve 12 and mass flowmenter 14 are flowed through, and pressure sensor 9 and temperature sensor 10 measure the process of circulation
Temperature, the pressure of middle rock core 11, the data of mass flowmenter 14 and the temperature, pressure data of rock core 11 are acquired by computer and are stored.
Embodiment 17
A kind of measurement CO described in the embodiment 1-112Solid-carrying performance is visual under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Makeup set and embodiment 12-16 described in a kind of measurement CO2The visualization of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
The measurement method of device, difference lies in, select proppant grain size for 0.18-0.25mm, a and f in core holding unit, b and
It is 0.32 × 10 that permeability is respectively put into e, c and d-3μm2, 0.55 × 10-3μm2, 1.15 × 10-3μm2Artificial core.
Select thickener mixes liquid CO2Fracturing fluid injects in the visualization device, tests its sand carrying effect, such as table 1
It is shown：
The liquid CO of 1. thickener TNJ-1 of table2Fracturing fluid sand carrying effect table
As shown in table 1, at 20 DEG C, under conditions of 10MPa, thickener types TNJ-1, a concentration of 1% liquid will be contained
CO2Fracturing fluid is passed into load fluid injection pipe, during mini-frac liquid solid-carrying performance, the collected balance data of computer
Critical dropping velocity is calculated, static arrive " jump migrates " critical speed, critical solid suspension to " tumble flow " critical speed, " tumble flow "
The filtration rates such as speed.
2.20 DEG C of table, under conditions of 10MPa, the liquid CO of thickener TNJ-12Fracturing fluid leak performance table
As shown in table 2, at 20 DEG C, under conditions of 10MPa, thickener types TNJ-1, a concentration of 1% liquid will be contained
CO2Fracturing fluid is passed into load fluid injection pipe, records the leak-off measuring device of different permeability rock cores, and processing obtains corresponding
Slope and leakoff coefficent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measurement CO2The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration, including take sand and measure dress
It sets, image collecting device, which is characterized in that the visualization device further includes leak-off measuring device, and the visualization device is logical
Connecting pipeline connection is crossed, fracturing fluid circulates in the connecting pipeline；
The sand measuring device of taking includes visualization inner cavity, and sand flow process is taken in fracturing fracture for simulating fracturing fluid；
The leak-off measuring device is connected to the visualization inner cavity, and the quantity of the leak-off measuring device is multigroup, described in every group
Leak-off measuring device includes core holding unit, rock core, and the rock core is arranged in the core holding unit, and the leak-off measures dress
It sets for simulating influence of the different permeability formations to leak-off process in fracturing fracture；
The top in the visualization inner cavity, including computer, video camera is arranged in described image harvester, for acquiring pressure break
Liquid takes sand nowed forming and data analysis.
2. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 12The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that the sand measuring device of taking further includes the first valve being set in sequence on load fluid injection pipe, cycle
Pump, first pressure sensor, sand-adding device, the second back-pressure valve, the 4th valve being set in sequence on load fluid discharge pipe are described to take
Sand liquid injection pipe and the load fluid discharge pipe are connected to the front side wall of the visualization inner cavity, rear sidewall；
Leak-off measuring device described in every group includes the second valve being linked in sequence, core holding unit, the first back-pressure valve, third valve
Door, mass flowmenter are provided with multiple temperature sensors, pressure sensor on the core holding unit；
It is provided with transparent panel at left and right sides of the visualization inner cavity, opening is provided on the transparent panel；The leak-off measures
Device passes through opening connection visualization inner cavity, the fracturing fluid for visualizing interior intracavitary to enter rock by opening by connecting pipeline
The heart enters the process on stratum for simulating fracturing fluid leak.
3. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 22The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that on the load fluid discharge pipe, the outlet end of the visualization inner cavity is provided with the first strainer.
4. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 12The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that intracavitary vertical direction is provided with the region of multiple uniform homalographics in the visual window, and each region corresponds to
It is provided with the opening on transparent panel, leak-off measuring device is connected by the opening.
5. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 12The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that intracavitary vertical direction is provided with the region of 6 uniform homalographics in the visual window, and each region corresponds to
It is placed equidistant with 4 openings on transparent panel, 1 group of leak-off measuring device is connected by the opening.
6. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 22The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that 4 pressure sensors, 4 temperature sensors are equidistantly provided on the core holding unit.
7. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 12The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that the visualization intracavity bottom, the core holding unit bottom are both provided with clearance hole, the clearance hole
On be provided with plugging device.
8. a kind of measurement CO according to claim 22The visual makeup of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
It sets, which is characterized in that the load fluid injection pipe is arranged in the top of the front side wall of the visualization inner cavity, the load fluid
Discharge pipe is arranged at the top of the rear sidewall of the visualization inner cavity；The length of the visualization inner cavity is 500-700mm, high
Degree is 70-90mm, width 1-3mm；The load fluid injection pipe and the load fluid discharge pipe belong to the connecting pipeline；Institute
State the stainless steel tubing that connecting pipeline is internal diameter 3-6mm；The rock core is rectangular, and the length of the rock core is 200-400mm, high
Degree is 10-30mm, width 10-30mm；The permeability of the rock core is 1 × 10-3μm2-1μm2；The transparent panel is quartzy glass
Glass plate；The pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
9. measurement CO according to any one of claims 1 to 82Solid-carrying performance can under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Depending on disguising the measurement method set, include the following steps：According to requirement of experiment assembling device, selection installation core holding unit and rock
The heart；The pressure resistance of test visualization inner cavity, does not pierce and does not leak for qualification；Fracturing fluid is taken sand flow and is moved, and unlatching image collecting device passes through saturating
Isotropic disk shooting record liquid CO2Load fluid nowed forming process；Leak-off measures under the conditions of dynamic filtration；Leak-off data processing.
10. measurement CO according to claim 92The visualization device of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
Measurement method, the method for the leak-off data processing is：
5-1) draw filtration characteristics curve：Draw filtrate volume Q and square rootRelation curve, the filtrate volume Q be warp
The filtrate volume that every group of leak-off measuring device obtains is crossed, t is the corresponding time of measuring of this group of leak-off device Q；
5-2) obtain leakoff coefficent：It is fitted the straightway of the stabilization sub stage of filtration characteristics curve, obtains straight line slope over 10 m, according to
Darcy's equation derives leakoff coefficent calculation formula：
The C is fracturing fluid leak coefficient,A is rock core face area, cm2；
The pressure resistance of test visualization inner cavity, does not pierce not leaking and is for qualified method：Close the of visualization chamber exit end
Four valves close the second valve in all leak-off measuring devices, and high pressure clear water is passed through into the visualization inner cavity, keep most
High operation pressure 30-40min, visualization inner cavity do not pierce do not leak for pressure testing qualification, the highest operation pressure be the highest it is resistance to
Pressure value；
The fracturing fluid is taken sand flow and is moved, and opens image collecting device and passes through transparent panel shooting record liquid CO2Load fluid nowed forming
The method of process includes：The 4th valve for opening visualization chamber exit end, opens the second valve in all leak-off measuring devices
Door crosses flowing pressure, it is ensured that CO according to requirement of experiment the second back-pressure valve of adjusting2In liquid condition；By load fluid injection pipe
One end and CO2Storage tank is connected, and test proppant is packed into sand-adding device, pressure break flow velocity is adjusted；Open image collecting device
Record liquid CO is shot by transparent panel2Load fluid nowed forming process；
The method of leak-off measurement includes under the conditions of the dynamic filtration：Liquid CO2By the opening connecting pipeline for visualizing inner cavity
Flow to core holding unit, liquid CO2Fracturing fluid flows out along rock core length direction by rock core, flows through the first back-pressure valve and matter
Flowmeter is measured, temperature, the pressure of rock core, the data of mass flowmenter in pressure sensor and the temperature sensor measurement process of circulation
It is acquired and is stored by computer with the temperature, pressure data of rock core.
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