CN107589219A - A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus and its method of work with Visual Dynamic crack - Google Patents

A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus and its method of work with Visual Dynamic crack Download PDF

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CN107589219A
CN107589219A CN201710791917.1A CN201710791917A CN107589219A CN 107589219 A CN107589219 A CN 107589219A CN 201710791917 A CN201710791917 A CN 201710791917A CN 107589219 A CN107589219 A CN 107589219A
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inner chamber
pressure
sand
evaluating apparatus
load fluid
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CN107589219B (en
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李宾飞
史大山
李兆敏
吕其超
郑超
柏浩
张小雨
左家强
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China University of Petroleum East China
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack and is provided with mobile sealing cut-off including experiment cavity, in the experiment cavity, tests cavity and is divided into first inner chamber and second inner chamber;It is connected with nitrogen ascending pipe and liquid injecting tube respectively in the first inner chamber;Stabilizer is provided between first inner chamber and the mobile sealing corresponding side of cut-off and the mobile sealing cut-off;It is connected with load fluid ascending pipe, load fluid discharge pipe respectively in the second inner chamber;Light source is provided with the second inner chamber, second inner chamber is transparent panel with the corresponding side of mobile sealing cut-off;The outside of the second inner chamber and the position relative with the transparent panel are provided with image collecting device;The second inner chamber bottom is provided with multiple sand discharge holes, has flange closure to set respectively.The present invention has the characteristics of simple to operate, high safety, high efficiency, can simulate liquid CO2Solid-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid under different in width fracture conditions.

Description

A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus and its method of work with Visual Dynamic crack
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dry method pressure break to take sand evaluating apparatus and its method of work with Visual Dynamic crack, belongs to oil Gas field fracturing reform, the technical field of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Background technology
All striven with day with the demand of the petroleum gas energy, increasing unconventional Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs are developed Utilize, the exploitation most effective way for these untraditional reservoirs is exactly to carry out fracturing reform, improves oil-production capacity.Foam Fracturing technology has that silt carrying capacity is big, filter loss is low, pressure break efficiency is high, the high, formation damage that returns discharge capacity relative to conventional fracturing technology The advantage such as small, it is a kind of effective means for developing unconventional Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs.
Compared with aqueous fracturing fluid, dry method pressure break has unique advantage:Due to there is no water in system, all gas, do not have There is residue, it is good with stratum compatibility, it is entirely avoided the pollution to stratum and crack;CO2Mobility is strong, can enter reservoir In microcrack, preferably link up reservoir;Gas expansion in stratum after pressure break, can whole quick rows of returning;Meanwhile CO2Easily Crude oil is dissolved in, reduces viscosity of crude, causes crude oil volumetric expansion, increases reservoir energy, beneficial to crude oil production.Liquid CO2It is dry The above-mentioned performance of method pressure break is significant for improving fracturing transformation effect and ultimate recovery, before having good application Scape.
But liquid CO2Also some technical barriers are faced in dry method fracturing process.CO2In dry method fracturing process, liquid CO2 Viscosity is extremely low, typically in 0.02-0.16mPas, and the physical property such as its viscosity, density, surface tension and temperature and pressure Closely related, prop-carrying capacity is poor in fracturing process, easy sand fallout, forms sand plug.
Traditional fracturing fluid lifting sand experiment device structure is simple, and function is single, and pressure regulation is complicated, and fracture width is difficult to more Change, therefore, it is difficult to utilize it into dry method pressure break to realize:Improve prop-carrying capacity, difficult sand fallout, do not easily cause the technologies such as sand plug Effect.
Chinese patent literature CN206002508U is disclosed《A kind of fracturing fluid sand carrying effect evaluating apparatus》, the patent document Describe the device that fracturing fluid sand carrying effect is evaluated in large-scale circuit system.But the evaluating apparatus being mentioned in the document exists Using being that situations below occurs:First, the evaluating apparatus equipment volume is huge, inconvenient for use;Secondly, this method is for general Generally rule fracturing fluid, voltage endurance capability is limited, is not suitable for liquid CO under high pressure2The prop-carrying capacity evaluation of fracturing fluid;Finally, the party Method flaw size space is fixed, and is changed relatively complicated, it is difficult to simulate different sized fractures.
Therefore, in order to accurately determine liquid CO2Prop-carrying capacity, research and develop liquid CO in a kind of measurement dynamic crack2Take sand energy The Visualization Model of power and its application are very necessary.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of dry method pressure break and takes sand evaluation dress with Visual Dynamic crack Put.Device of the present invention can evaluate liquid CO2Fracturing fluid and conventional single-phase fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity.
The present invention also provides the method for work of above-mentioned evaluating apparatus.The method of the invention can determine liquid CO2Take Sand ability, the present invention has the characteristics that visual, pressure-resistant, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, fracture width and pressure conveniently adjust, while this hair It is bright simple to operate, high safety, efficiency height.For method of work of the present invention through dynamic regulation pressure, change fracture width can mould Liquid carbon dioxide under the conditions of plan actual formation is taken sand flow and moved, and through the visual design, nowed forming is recorded by high-speed camera, Study liquid carbon dioxide carrying sand flow mechanism researching.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, including tests cavity, in the experiment cavity Mobile sealing cut-off is inside provided with, the experiment cavity is divided into first inner chamber and second inner chamber;
It is connected with nitrogen ascending pipe and liquid (water or oil) ascending pipe respectively in the first inner chamber;In first Stabilizer is provided between chamber and the mobile sealing corresponding side of cut-off and the mobile sealing cut-off;
It is connected with load fluid ascending pipe, load fluid discharge pipe respectively in the second inner chamber;In described second Intracavitary is provided with light source, and second inner chamber is that (transparent panel is visualization to transparent panel with the corresponding side of mobile sealing cut-off Quartz glass);The outside of the second inner chamber and the position relative with the transparent panel are provided with image collecting device, by scheming Sand nowed forming is taken to liquid carbon dioxide by the visualization quartz glass as harvester and carries out shooting record;
The second inner chamber bottom is provided with multiple sand discharge holes, has flange closure to set respectively.
The present invention is flowed using first inner chamber for nitrogen and liquid, and nitrogen and liquid phase promote mobile sealing cut-off movement, the One cavity volume becomes big;Second inner chamber simulation fracture, flowed for load fluid.In the nitrogen corresponding to the first inner chamber in the present invention Flow control valve is provided with gas ascending pipe and liquid injecting tube, it is regulation and control first inner chamber gas-liquid ratio that it, which is acted on,;Described Flow control valve is provided with load fluid ascending pipe, load fluid discharge pipe corresponding to two inner chambers, it is control load fluid that it, which is acted on, Disengaging speed.
According to currently preferred, the light source is arranged on the mobile sealing cut-off.The mobile sealing cut-off exists This side of the second inner chamber, it is mounted with four light sources.
It is used to simulate fracturing fracture, the chi of the simulation fracturing fracture according to currently preferred, described second inner chamber Very little scope:It is long:300-700mm is high:50-100mm, it is wide:1-10mm.
According to currently preferred, the pressure-resistant of the transparent panel is 10-100MPa.
According to currently preferred, the pressure-resistant of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
According to currently preferred, load fluid ascending pipe is provided with the top of the side wall of the second inner chamber, described The bottom of the side wall of second inner chamber is provided with load fluid discharge pipe.
According to currently preferred, on load fluid ascending pipe along load fluid flow direction be disposed with pressure gauge plus Sand device.Preferably, the load fluid ascending pipe is 3~6mm of internal diameter stainless steel tubing.
According to currently preferred, filter screen and back pressure are disposed with along load fluid flow direction on load fluid discharge pipe Valve.The effect one for designing filter screen herein is the filtering branch when proppant particles migration ground maximum distance is more than crack maximum length Support agent simultaneously makes it be accumulated in fracture tip, and to study under different system fracturing fluids carryings, proppant lays form in fracture end-face Change;Second, the particle in fracturing fluid is filtered out, in order to avoid destroy back-pressure valve.
According to currently preferred, described image harvester includes the high-speed camera being connected with computer.This design For gathering, storing, analyzing liquid CO in the simulation fracture2Fracturing fluid takes the parameter of sand, to evaluate in the simulation fracture Liquid CO2Fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity.
According to currently preferred, the light source is LED light source.
A kind of above-mentioned dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus method of work with Visual Dynamic crack, comprises the following steps:
(1) all parts included in above-mentioned evaluating apparatus are connected;By the liquid CO2Load fluid injects and plunger pump In connected intermediate receptacle, test is loaded in sand-adding device with proppant, the intermediate receptacle and sand-adding device are noted by load fluid Enter pipe and be connected with the fracturing fracture that second inner chamber is simulated, close load fluid discharge tube valve.By back-pressure valve excessively stream pressure rise To test pressure:Test pressure peak is defined by the safety pressure limits that the evaluating apparatus can bear herein, is set and is surveyed The main purpose of pressure testing power is to study liquid CO2Fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity and ensures CO with the change of pressure2In liquid State state;
(2) pressure testing:
High pressure clear water is passed through into the first inner chamber, highest operation pressure 30-40min is kept, is built the pressure, do not pierced not Leakage is that pressure testing is qualified;Highest operation pressure described herein is according to Specific construction scene and the numerical value of determination;
(3) sand flow is taken to move:
Liquid carbon dioxide load fluid is passed through load fluid ascending pipe;
Nitrogen and/or liquid are passed through the first inner chamber and then adjust the pressure of first inner chamber and the position of mobile sealing cut-off Put, simulated with this in fracturing process, the change of the size in the crack that fracturing fluid is flowed through, carry out the dynamic adjustment in crack;
Pressure break flow velocity is adjusted, opens sand-adding device, is started to simulation fracturing fracture injection proppant, at some speed to system Interior addition proppant;Meanwhile described image harvester shoots record liquid carbon dioxide load fluid by transparent panel and flows shape State process;
(4) deslagging:
The first inner chamber and second inner chamber are shed into pressure, open flange corresponding to the sediment outflow pipe, discharges proppant And residual liquid.
According to currently preferred, the proppant is the proppant particles that particle diameter is 0.1mm~0.9mm.The present invention adopts Matching use is carried out with the proppant adaptable with simulation fracturing fracture, the thickness that the simulation fracture plate forms crack is 1 ~10mm.It is in the thickness range, liquid CO in slit plate can be clearly observed by high-speed camera2Sand flow is taken to move Process, while reduce influence of the crack inwall friction support agent to experiment, reduce sand card phenomenon in crack.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention has the characteristics of pressure-resistant wear-resisting, and design highest pressure voltage can bear the impact of solid phase particles, quartzy glass The highest of glass visualization form and cavity is pressure-resistant can to simulate site operation pressure condition, carry out liquid CO under high pressure2Pressure break The evaluation of liquid solid-carrying performance.
The present invention has the characteristics of simple to operate, high safety, high efficiency, can simulate liquid CO2Fracturing fluid is in difference Solid-carrying performance under width fracture conditions.The different pressure of two inner cavities is adjusted, adjusts crack flat board gap width.Need not Original flat board is changed, it is safe and efficient.
Image capturing system of the present invention is made up of high-speed camera and the computer connected.With precision Height, the features such as memory space is big, it is easy to accurate analysis proppant to settle the whaleback to be formed height and critical dropping velocity.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are the overall structure diagrams that sand mo(u)ld type is taken in Visual Dynamic crack of the present invention;
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2,1, shell;2nd, stabilizer;3rd, nitrogen ascending pipe;4th, needle valve;5th, liquid injecting tube;6th, seal Cut-off;7th, light source;8th, clearance hole;9th, load fluid ascending pipe;10th, quartz glass;11st, fixed plate;12nd, fixing bolt;13rd, sand is taken Liquid discharge pipe;14th, second inner chamber;15th, first inner chamber;16th, high-speed camera;17th, computer;18th, pressure gauge;19th, sand-adding device; 20th, filter screen;21st, back-pressure valve.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment and Figure of description, but not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Embodiment 1,
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, including tests cavity, in the experiment cavity Mobile sealing cut-off 6 is inside provided with, the experiment cavity is divided into first inner chamber 15 and second inner chamber 14;
Nitrogen ascending pipe 3 and liquid injecting tube 5 are connected with respectively in the first inner chamber 15;First inner chamber 15 with Stabilizer 2 is provided between side corresponding to mobile sealing cut-off 6 and the mobile sealing cut-off 6;
It is connected with load fluid ascending pipe 9, load fluid discharge pipe 13 respectively in the second inner chamber 14;Described Light source is provided with two inner chambers 14, it is the transparent panel (transparent panel that second inner chamber 14 separates 6 corresponding sides with mobile sealing To visualize quartz glass);It is provided with image in the outside of the second inner chamber 14 and the position relative with the transparent panel and adopts Acquisition means, sand nowed forming is taken to liquid carbon dioxide by the visualization quartz glass by image collecting device and shot Record;
The bottom of second inner chamber 14 is provided with multiple sand discharge holes 8, has flange closure to set respectively.
Load fluid ascending pipe 9 is provided with the top of the side wall of the second inner chamber 14, in the side of the second inner chamber 14 The bottom of wall is provided with load fluid discharge pipe 13.
On load fluid ascending pipe 9 pressure gauge 18, sand-adding device 19 are disposed with along load fluid flow direction.It is described to take sand Liquid ascending pipe is 3~6mm of internal diameter stainless steel tubing.
On load fluid discharge pipe 13 filter screen 20 and back-pressure valve 21 are disposed with along load fluid flow direction.
Described image harvester includes the high-speed camera 16 being connected with computer.
The light source 7 is LED light source.
Embodiment 2,
A kind of dry method pressure break as described in Example 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, and its difference is, institute Light source 7 is stated to be arranged on the mobile sealing cut-off 6.The mobile sealing cut-off 6 is in described this side of second inner chamber 14, placement There are four light sources 7.
Embodiment 3,
A kind of dry method pressure break as described in Example 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, and its difference is, institute The second inner chamber 14 stated is used to simulate fracturing fracture, the size range of the simulation fracturing fracture:It is long:300-700mm is high:50- 100mm, it is wide:1-10mm.
The pressure-resistant of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
Embodiment 4,
A kind of dry method pressure break as described in embodiment 1-3 takes sand evaluating apparatus method of work with Visual Dynamic crack, including Following steps:
(1) all parts included in above-mentioned evaluating apparatus are connected;By the liquid CO2Load fluid injects and plunger pump In connected intermediate receptacle, test is loaded in sand-adding device with proppant, the intermediate receptacle and sand-adding device are noted by load fluid Enter pipe and be connected with the fracturing fracture that second inner chamber is simulated, close load fluid discharge tube valve.By back-pressure valve excessively stream pressure rise To test pressure:Test pressure peak is defined by the safety pressure limits that the evaluating apparatus can bear herein, is set and is surveyed The main purpose of pressure testing power is to study liquid CO2Fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity and ensures CO with the change of pressure2In liquid State state;
(2) pressure testing:
High pressure clear water is passed through into the first inner chamber, highest operation pressure 30-40min is kept, is built the pressure, do not pierced not Leakage is that pressure testing is qualified;Highest operation pressure described herein is according to Specific construction scene and the numerical value of determination;
(3) sand flow is taken to move:
Liquid carbon dioxide load fluid is passed through load fluid ascending pipe;
Nitrogen and/or liquid are passed through the first inner chamber and then adjust the pressure of first inner chamber and the position of mobile sealing cut-off Put, simulated with this in fracturing process, the change of the size in the crack that fracturing fluid is flowed through, carry out the dynamic adjustment in crack;
Pressure break flow velocity is adjusted, opens sand-adding device, is started to simulation fracturing fracture injection proppant, at some speed to system Interior addition proppant;Meanwhile described image harvester shoots record liquid carbon dioxide load fluid by transparent panel and flows shape State process;
(4) deslagging:
The first inner chamber and second inner chamber are shed into pressure, open flange corresponding to the sediment outflow pipe, discharges proppant And residual liquid.
The proppant is the proppant particles that particle diameter is 0.1mm~0.9mm.The present invention is using with simulating fracturing fracture phase The proppant of adaptation carries out matching use, and the thickness that the simulation fracture plate forms crack is 1~10mm.It is the thickness model In enclosing, liquid CO in slit plate can clearly be observed by high-speed camera2The dynamic process of sand flow is taken, while reduces crack Influence of the inwall friction support agent to experiment, reduce sand card phenomenon in crack.
Embodiment 5,
The dry method pressure break as described in Example 4 takes sand evaluating apparatus method of work, its area with Visual Dynamic crack It is not, the proppant particle diameter in the step (1) is 0.18-0.25mm.
After pressure testing is qualified, evaluation and the sand carrying effect of the mixed liquid carbon dioxide fracturing fluid of different type thickener, As shown in table 1:
Liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid sand carrying effect contrast table of 1. 3 kinds of the table containing different thickeners
As shown in table 1.At 20 DEG C, under conditions of 10MPa, three kinds of different thickener types will be contained respectively:TNJ-1、 TNJ-2 and TNJ-3, concentration are all 1% liquid CO2Fracturing fluid is passed into load fluid ascending pipe 9, nitrogen in first inner chamber 15 Initial pressure set value is 10MPa, in test process, is persistently filled with high pressure clear water to first inner chamber 15, changes two inner chambers Volume, so as to change fracture width.Realize in simulation fracturing process, this phenomenon of fracture width dynamic change.As embodiment 4 is right Three kinds of different types of liquid CO in table2The sand carrying effect of fracturing fluid is evaluated.
As shown in table 1, the liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid after TNJ-1 is thickened, compared to TNJ-2, for TNJ-3, in less pressure Splitting can just make proppant particles be migrated forward to by fracturing fluid carrying from static under flow velocity, illustrate under the same terms, pass through Liquid CO after TNJ-1 thickening2Fracturing fluid sand carrying effect is best, and the liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid needs after TNJ-3 is thickened are bigger Pressure break flow velocity proppant particles could be carried and migrate, so under same experimental conditions, the liquid after TNJ-3 is thickened CO2 fracturing fluids sand carrying effect in these three fracturing fluids is worst.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that including experiment cavity, described Mobile sealing cut-off is provided with experiment cavity, the experiment cavity is divided into first inner chamber and second inner chamber;
It is connected with nitrogen ascending pipe and liquid injecting tube respectively in the first inner chamber;First inner chamber and mobile sealing Stabilizer is provided between side corresponding to cut-off and the mobile sealing cut-off;
It is connected with load fluid ascending pipe, load fluid discharge pipe respectively in the second inner chamber;In the second inner chamber Light source is provided with, second inner chamber is transparent panel with the corresponding side of mobile sealing cut-off;In the outside of the second inner chamber and The position relative with the transparent panel is provided with image collecting device;
The second inner chamber bottom is provided with multiple sand discharge holes, has flange closure to set respectively.
2. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that The light source is arranged on the mobile sealing cut-off.
3. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that Described second inner chamber is used to simulate fracturing fracture, the size range of the simulation fracturing fracture:It is long:300-700mm is high:50- 100mm, it is wide:1-10mm.
4. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that The pressure-resistant of the transparent panel is 10-100MPa;Preferably, the pressure-resistant of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
5. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that Load fluid ascending pipe is provided with the top of the side wall of the second inner chamber, is provided with the bottom of the side wall of the second inner chamber Load fluid discharge pipe.
6. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 5 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that On load fluid ascending pipe pressure gauge, sand-adding device are disposed with along load fluid flow direction.
7. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that On load fluid discharge pipe filter screen and back-pressure valve are disposed with along load fluid flow direction.
8. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, it is characterised in that Described image harvester includes the high-speed camera being connected with computer;The light source is LED light source.
9. a kind of dry method pressure break as described in claim 1-8 any one takes sand evaluating apparatus work side with Visual Dynamic crack Method, its difference are that the method for work comprises the following steps:
(1) all parts included in above-mentioned evaluating apparatus are connected;
(2) pressure testing:
High pressure clear water is passed through into the first inner chamber, highest operation pressure 30-40min is kept, is built the pressure, do not pierce and do not leak i.e. It is qualified for pressure testing;
(3) sand flow is taken to move:
Liquid carbon dioxide load fluid is passed through load fluid ascending pipe;
Nitrogen and/or liquid are passed through the first inner chamber and then adjust the pressure of first inner chamber and the position of mobile sealing cut-off, Simulated with this in fracturing process, the change of the size in the crack that fracturing fluid is flowed through, carry out the dynamic adjustment in crack;
Pressure break flow velocity is adjusted, opens sand-adding device, is started to simulation fracturing fracture injection proppant, meanwhile, described image collection Device shoots record liquid carbon dioxide load fluid nowed forming process by transparent panel;
(4) deslagging:
The first inner chamber and second inner chamber are shed into pressure, open flange corresponding to the sediment outflow pipe, discharges proppant and residual Extraction raffinate body.
10. dry method pressure break as claimed in claim 9 takes sand evaluating apparatus method of work with Visual Dynamic crack, its feature exists In the proppant is the proppant particles that particle diameter is 0.1mm~0.9mm.
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CN108287123A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-17 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of measurement CO2The visualization device and method of solid-carrying performance under the conditions of fracturing fluid high pressure dynamic filtration
CN111502626A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-07 常州市易用科技有限公司 High-pressure liquid quantitative sand carrying device
CN113138140A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-20 重庆大学 Test system and method for carbon dioxide carrying proppant

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CN111502626A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-07 常州市易用科技有限公司 High-pressure liquid quantitative sand carrying device
CN113138140A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-20 重庆大学 Test system and method for carbon dioxide carrying proppant
CN113138140B (en) * 2021-04-25 2024-01-30 重庆大学 Carbon dioxide carrying propping agent test system and method

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