CN108243819A - A kind of cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243819A CN108243819A CN201810096798.2A CN201810096798A CN108243819A CN 108243819 A CN108243819 A CN 108243819A CN 201810096798 A CN201810096798 A CN 201810096798A CN 108243819 A CN108243819 A CN 108243819A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/22—Baskets or bags attachable to the picker
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/24—Devices for picking apples or like fruit
- A01D46/247—Manually operated fruit-picking tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G3/08—Other tools for pruning, branching or delimbing standing trees
- A01G3/085—Motor-driven saws for pruning or branching
- A01G3/086—Chain saws
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing aromatic radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of diseases and insect pests resistance that can enhance grafting parent, improve the survival rate of seedling of crisp red Lee while the cultural method of grafting period short crisp red Japanese plum can be shortened.The cultural method of the crisp red Japanese plum, including A, nursery；The process of the nursery includes 1) Root-stock selection；2) cuttings is acquired；3) it grafts；B, seedling is selected；C, it is colonized；D, it manages；E, it picks：The cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum of the present invention is by being improved seedling raising process, the graft survival rate of crisp red Japanese plum seedling is allowd to be up to 95%, and parent uses wild mahogany seedling, wild mahogany seedling has excellent diseases and insect pests resistance and stronger vitality, so that the crisp red Japanese plum after grafting inherits the excellent genes of wild mahogany seedling, the diseases and insect pests resistance and vitality of crisp red Japanese plum are greatly improved, while the method for culturing seedlings period of the present invention is shorter so as to form preferable economic benefit.It is suitble to promote and apply in plant planting field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods of crisp red Japanese plum, belong to plant planting field.
Background technology
Crisp red Lee is one of kind of Japanese plum.Crisp red plum fruit is in circular or nearly spheroidal, and fruit is smaller, average
15~25 grams of single fruit weight, maximum 40 grams of single fruit weight.Pericarp aubergine, pulp yellow or even band sheet are red.Suture just, stitches ditch
Shallow, fruit dot yellow is closeer, uniform in size.Fruit powder is thick, and canescence, meat is crisp, sweet, and soluble solid 12.7~
13.27%, total Soluble Sugar 10%, total acid 0.56%, 2.6 milligrams/100 grams of Victoria C, the small freestone of core, edible rate 96.8% is late-maturing
(mid-August).There are mainly two types of existing crisp red Lee's cultivation techniques, and one kind is grafting, and one kind is seedling replanting.Grafting be divided into for
Scion grafting and bud connect, common in stem grafting method to have cut-grafting, be abutted against, cleft grafting.Existing grafting parent is both selected from greatly what is locally grown
Stock, diseases and insect pests resistance is weak, and young survival rate is relatively low after grafting, and it is longer to graft the period.
Invention content
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum.This method can enhance the disease and insect resistance of grafting parent
Ability improves the survival rate of seedling of crisp red Lee while can to shorten the grafting period short.
Technical scheme is as follows：
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum, includes the following steps：
A, nursery；The process of the nursery is as described below：
1) Root-stock selection：It is healthy and strong to choose Growth status, no disease and pests harm fits ground property and the wild mahoganies of the strong 1-2 of affinity
Seedling, and apply nutrient solution in the wild mahogany seedling surrounding, after applying nutrient solution at least three moon, the wild mahogany seedling is taken as anvil
Wood；
2) cuttings is acquired：The crisp red Japanese plum of elite stand high yield, stable yields, robust growth, the excellent adult of no disease and pests harm is taken as slotting
Fringe is covered using fish excrement to 4/5ths depths of cuttings, sprays processing cuttings, then place it in temperature and be using sterilized solution
35-40 DEG C, humidity is to be cultivated in the environment of 60-80%, and according to Routine Management, until after leaf bud emergence, is grown apart from ground
It is for use after 2-4cm；
3) it grafts：Including cutting stock, cutting scion, grafting fringe and wrapping；Wherein, wrapping refers to：The cotton being impregnated with using nutrient solution
Item wraps up 1-2 layers of scion and the grafting of stock point, then winds 1-2 layers with plastic film, pricks hole on sewing-needle plastic film afterwards,
It is a every square centimeter that the quantity in hole is maintained at 10-40；According to mass ratio it is 1 by fish excrement and chicken manure：0.1-0.5 is mixed, then
The river sand that granularity is added in as 50-200 mesh stirs evenly to obtain mixture, is then covered scion and the grafting of stock point with mixture
Lid, and spray nursery agent to the surface of grafting point；Wherein, the addition of river sand is 2-4 times of fish excrement, and the fountain height of nursery agent is
10-30kg/ mus；
B, seedling is selected；After grafting fringe to be grafted survives, tender shoots is healthy and strong on selection grafting fringe, bud matter is full, without quarantine object
Wild mahogany seedling with no disease and pests harm is as plum seedling；
C, it is colonized；Measuring point is digged pit, and hole depth is 10-15cm, and the bottom in hole covers the farm manure of 2~5cm, and (farm manure is
Animal wastes or the straw of corruption powder corruption, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure；), the wild mahogany seedling chosen is used into cave
Cultivation mode is transplanted in the hole dug, and is planted in annual April 5~20, is inwardly earthed up from surrounding with fine earth after plantation,
By 2.5 meters of spacing in the rows, 4 meters of line-spacing is planted；
D, it manages：
A applies fertilizer：In annual autumn, to crisp red Japanese plum application farm manure, (farm manure is animal wastes or corruption powder corruption
Straw, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure；), 50-100 kilograms of the farm manure that every plant of crisp red Japanese plum applies；In crisp red Lee
0.5-1 kilogram of quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer or 25 kilograms of decomposed night soils are applied in 10 days (early April) before tree rudiment, strain；In late May to 6
In the middle of the month, quick-acting nitrogen potash fertilizer is imposed, strain applies 0.5 kilogram；(6 below the moon before entering rapid expanding stage to fruit after physiological fallen fruit
Ten days to mid-August), available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are imposed, strain applies 0.5-1 kilogram；Start coloring in fruit to spray to during harvesting
Apply a concentration of 0.2-0.3% phosphorus, potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer；
B pours water：Crisp red Japanese plum is irrigated before rudiment with young fruit expanding stage, young sprout growth period, and primary envelope is filled before entering the winter
Freeze water；
The c prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
D is trimmed：The treelet phase is trimmed to natural open centre shape, the manhood carry out light pruning and it is deep trim, go it is prosperous stay it is strong；
E, it picks：Crisp red plum fruit is harvested after crisp red Lee's maturation.
Further, in step 1) and step 3), the material composition of the nutrient solution is in parts by weight：Fish excrement 1-3
Part, 20-30 parts of urea phosphate, 10-20 parts of zinc oxalate, 10-20 parts of water；Preparation method is to be uniformly mixed fish excrement with urea phosphate
Afterwards, zinc oxalate and water are added, and places it in temperature as 80-180 DEG C of processing 10-20min, after cooling, obtains nutrient solution.
Further,：In step 2), the material composition of the sterilized solution is in parts by weight：It is 1-3 parts of fenaminosulf, pungent
10-20 parts of sulphur phosphorus, 30-40 parts of water；The wherein a concentration of 95wt% of fenaminosulf, a concentration of of phoxim is 40%；Its preparation side
Method is after the temperature of water is adjusted to 50-70 DEG C, to add in fenaminosulf thereto, be uniformly mixed, then after phoxim is added in,
Oscillation treatment 20-30min, you can.
Further, in step 3), the material composition of the nursery agent is in parts by weight：10-20 parts of water, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
3-7 parts of hydrogen potassium, 1-5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-7 parts of urea, 0.01-0.07 parts of yeast, 1-3 parts of phoxim, 0.1-0.4 parts of fenaminosulf,
1-3 parts of fish excrement, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5-0.9 parts of heteroauxin；
Preparation method includes the following steps：
(1) after phoxim is mixed with fenaminosulf, compound sodium nitrophenolate and heteroauxin is added in, uses mixing speed as 1000-
After 3000r/min stir process 10-20min, then place it in the environment that temperature is 30-40 DEG C and place 1-2 days；
(2) after Jiang Shui is mixed with fish excrement, yeast is added in, and used the mixing speed stir process of 100-200r/min
After 5-10min, place it in the environment that temperature is 30-40 DEG C and place 3-5 days, and add in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, nitric acid thereto
Ammonium, urea after placing 1-2 days, are used mixing speed as 1000-3000r/min stir process 10-30min, then adjust temperature
It is 60-80 DEG C to spend, and adds in the material that step (1) obtains, and is stirred for uniformly, you can.
Further, in step 3), cut stock and refer to：At the position of 6-10cm from the ground, choose stock skin it is thicker and
Stock is cut off and scabbles its section by smooth place；It is split vertically downward centrally through medulla from its cross section with cleft grafting knife
Depth is 2.0-3.0cm as notch.
Further, in step 3), cut scion and refer to：At scion is from bud 0.5cm, scion is whittled into grafting knife
Wedge shape, the positive and negative two bevels length control of scion is in 2.0-3.0cm；2-4 piece leaves are stayed on the top of scion, the upper end of scion is away from bud
It is cut flat at 0.5-1.0cm.
Further, in step d, trimmed using following clipping device：The clipping device include supporting rod,
Mobile power, the bag body for holding movable power supply are provided with shoulder strap on the bag body, and the mobile power is placed on a bag body
Interior, the supporting rod is hollow-core construction, and the upper end of the supporting rod is provided with shear, and the shear includes matrix,
The bottom of described matrix is fixed on the upper end of supporting rod, and there are one hollow cavity, the front sides of the cavity for the interior tool of described matrix
The first sliding groove is provided on inner wall, the first sliding block is provided in the first sliding groove, the left and right sides of first sliding block is set respectively
There is the first spring, one end of the first spring is fixed on the side wall of the first sliding groove, and the other end of the first spring is fixed on the first cunning
On block, the length direction of first spring is identical with the extending direction of the first sliding groove, when the first sliding block is located in the first sliding groove
During portion, the first spring is in nature elongation state, and the rear side inner wall mulberry of the cavity is provided with second sliding slot, the second sliding slot
The second sliding block is inside provided with, second spring is respectively arranged at left and right sides of second sliding block, one end of second spring is fixed
On the side wall of second sliding slot, the other end of second spring is fixed on the second sliding block, the length direction of the second spring with
The extending direction of second sliding slot is identical, and when the second sliding block is located in the middle part of second sliding slot, second spring is in nature elongation state,
The first sliding groove is parallel to each other with second sliding slot and the extending direction of the first sliding groove and the upper surface of matrix are parallel to each other, described
Rotation axis is provided between first sliding block and the second sliding block, the both ends of the rotation axis lead to respectively with the first sliding block, the second sliding block
It crosses bearing to be connected, the central axis of the rotation axis and the extending direction of the first sliding groove are orthogonal, set below the rotation axis
Bracket is equipped with, the bracket is fixed on the rotating shaft by bearing, and driving motor, the driving motor are provided on the bracket
Output terminal be provided with driving wheel, be fixedly installed driven wheel in the rotation axis, the driving wheel passes through transmission with driven wheel
Structure is connected, and the middle part fixing sleeve of the rotation axis is equipped with first gear, and second gear is provided with above described matrix, described
The upper surface setting of matrix is fluted, and the extending direction of the groove is identical with the extending direction of the first sliding groove and the bottom of groove
It is connected with cavity, the first gear is connected with second gear by connecting plate, and first gear, second gear pass through bearing
It is connected with connecting plate, further includes chain without a head, the chain without a head is successively around first gear and second gear, the chain without a head
Sawtooth is provided on the outside of item, described matrix upper surface is provided with baffle, and the middle part setting of the baffle has the gap, the gap
Width and groove it is of same size, and the lower end in gap extends to groove, and cored, the gear is embedded inside the connecting plate
Electromagnet is embedded in plate, the electromagnet, driving motor are connected respectively by electric wire with mobile power, are set on the electric wire
There is switch, when the switch is closed, driving motor drives driving wheel rotation, and driving wheel drives driven wheel rotation, driven wheel band turn
Moving axis rotates, and rotation axis drives first gear rotation, and first gear drives chain rotation without a head, and simultaneously electromagnet is powered,
Electromagnet generates suction to the iron core in connecting plate so that connecting plate is moved towards baffle, and connecting plate is being moved towards baffle
In the process, the first sliding block is slided along the first sliding groove, and the second sliding block is slided along second sliding slot, when chain without a head is moved in gap
When, electromagnet is equal to the suction of iron core the active force that the first spring acted on the first sliding block and second spring acts on second
The sum of active force on sliding block.
Further, the lower part of the supporting rod is provided with non-slip mat, the switch is arranged on supporting rod lower part.
Further, in step D, picked when picking crisp red plum fruit using following auxiliary device, it is described
Auxiliary device includes fixes sleeve, and the lower end of the fixes sleeve is connected with stent, screw, the silk are provided in the sleeve
Bar is connect with bush whorl, and the lower end of the screw is stretched into sleeve, and the upper end of the screw is extended to outside sleeve, the screw
Upper end be provided with the support tablet of bar shaped, the support tablet is provided centrally with through-hole, bearing is provided in the through-hole,
The upper end of the screw by bearing be fixed on support tablet center, it is described support tablet upper surface be provided with seat and
Magazine, the seat, magazine are provided with master below the both ends of the support tablet of bar shaped, the support tablet respectively
Driving wheel, the driving wheel is fixed on the lower surface of support tablet by bracket, and driving wheel is located at support tablet and is provided with storing
One end of frame is arranged with the first angular wheel on the screw, and the miner diameter end of first angular wheel is upward, further includes second
Angular wheel, second angular wheel is fixed on the lower surface of support tablet by bracket, in second angular wheel
The central axis of mandrel line and the first angular wheel is orthogonal and the central axis of the second angular wheel and the center of driving wheel
Axis is parallel to each other, and first angular wheel intermeshes with the second angular wheel, second angular wheel and driving wheel
It is connected by transmission mechanism, the both sides of the driving wheel are provided with foot pedal, when rotating driving wheel by foot pedal, actively
Wheel drives the rotation of the second angular wheel, and the second angular wheel drives the rotation of the first angular wheel, and the rotation of the first angular wheel drives
Screw rotates.
Further, the upper end face of the screw and the upper surface of support tablet are in same level, the silk
The upper surface of bar is provided with the first keyway, and the second keyway, first keyway are provided on the upper end face of the support tablet
Width and the second keyway it is of same size, U-shaped retainingf key is further included, when one end of the U-shaped retainingf key is located at the first keyway
Interior, when the other end is located in the second keyway, screw rotation can drive support tablet rotation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum of the present invention is by changing seedling raising process
Into so that the graft survival rate of crisp red Japanese plum seedling can be up to 95%, and parent is using wild mahogany seedling, wild mahogany seedling
With excellent diseases and insect pests resistance and stronger vitality, so that the crisp red Japanese plum after grafting inherits wild mahogany
The excellent genes of seedling greatly improve the diseases and insect pests resistance and vitality of crisp red Japanese plum, while nursery side of the present invention
The method period is shorter so as to form preferable economic benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of clipping device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the left side view of shear of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of shear of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the sectional view along A-A of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of auxiliary device of the present invention
Reference sign in figure：Supporting rod 101, mobile power 102, bag body 103, shoulder strap 104, shear 105, base
Body 10501, cavity 10502, the first sliding groove 10503, the first sliding block 10504, the first spring 10505, second sliding slot 10506,
Two sliding blocks 10507, sawtooth 10508, rotation axis 10509, bracket 10510, driving motor 10511, driving wheel 10512, driven wheel
10513rd, first gear 10514, second gear 10515, groove 10516, connecting plate 10517, chain without a head 10518, baffle
10519th, gap 10520, iron core 10521, electromagnet 10522, switch 106, non-slip mat 107, fixes sleeve 201, stent 202,
Screw 203, support tablet 204, seat 205, magazine 206, driving wheel 207, the first angular wheel 208, the second angular wheel
209th, foot pedal 210, the first keyway 211, the second keyway 212, U-shaped retainingf key 213.
Specific embodiment
A kind of cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum, includes the following steps：
A, nursery；The process of the nursery is as described below：
1) Root-stock selection：It is healthy and strong to choose Growth status, no disease and pests harm fits ground property and the wild mahoganies of the strong 1-2 of affinity
Seedling, and apply nutrient solution in the wild mahogany seedling surrounding, after applying nutrient solution at least three moon, the wild mahogany seedling is taken as anvil
Wood；
2) cuttings is acquired：The crisp red Japanese plum of elite stand high yield, stable yields, robust growth, the excellent adult of no disease and pests harm is taken as slotting
Fringe is covered using fish excrement to 4/5ths depths of cuttings, sprays processing cuttings, then place it in temperature and be using sterilized solution
35-40 DEG C, humidity is to be cultivated in the environment of 60-80%, and according to Routine Management, until after leaf bud emergence, is grown apart from ground
It is for use after 2-4cm；
3) it grafts：Including cutting stock, cutting scion, grafting fringe and wrapping；Wherein, wrapping refers to：The cotton being impregnated with using nutrient solution
Item wraps up 1-2 layers of scion and the grafting of stock point, then winds 1-2 layers with plastic film, pricks hole on sewing-needle plastic film afterwards,
It is a every square centimeter that the quantity in hole is maintained at 10-40；According to mass ratio it is 1 by fish excrement and chicken manure：0.1-0.5 is mixed, then
The river sand that granularity is added in as 50-200 mesh stirs evenly to obtain mixture, is then covered scion and the grafting of stock point with mixture
Lid, and spray nursery agent to the surface of grafting point；Wherein, the addition of river sand is 2-4 times of fish excrement, and the fountain height of nursery agent is
10-30kg/ mus；
B, seedling is selected；After grafting fringe to be grafted survives, tender shoots is healthy and strong on selection grafting fringe, bud matter is full, without quarantine object
Wild mahogany seedling with no disease and pests harm is as plum seedling；
C, it is colonized；Measuring point is digged pit, and hole depth is 10-15cm, and the bottom in hole covers the farm manure of 2~5cm, and (farm manure is
Animal wastes or the straw of corruption powder corruption, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure；), the wild mahogany seedling chosen is used into cave
Cultivation mode is transplanted in the hole dug, and is planted in annual April 5~20, is inwardly earthed up from surrounding with fine earth after plantation,
By 2.5 meters of spacing in the rows, 4 meters of line-spacing is planted；
D, it manages：
A applies fertilizer：In annual autumn, to crisp red Japanese plum application farm manure, (farm manure is animal wastes or corruption powder corruption
Straw, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure；), 50-100 kilograms of the farm manure that every plant of crisp red Japanese plum applies；In crisp red Lee
0.5-1 kilogram of quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer or 25 kilograms of decomposed night soils are applied in 10 days (early April) before tree rudiment, strain；In late May to 6
In the middle of the month, quick-acting nitrogen potash fertilizer is imposed, strain applies 0.5 kilogram；(6 below the moon before entering rapid expanding stage to fruit after physiological fallen fruit
Ten days to mid-August), available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are imposed, strain applies 0.5-1 kilogram；Start coloring in fruit to spray to during harvesting
Apply a concentration of 0.2-0.3% phosphorus, potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer；
B pours water：Crisp red Japanese plum is irrigated before rudiment with young fruit expanding stage, young sprout growth period, and primary envelope is filled before entering the winter
Freeze water；
The c prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
D is trimmed：The treelet phase is trimmed to natural open centre shape, the manhood carry out light pruning and it is deep trim, go it is prosperous stay it is strong；
E, it picks：Crisp red plum fruit is harvested after crisp red Lee's maturation.
Embodiment 1
1) Root-stock selection：It is healthy and strong to choose Growth status, no disease and pests harm fits the ground property 2 year wild mahogany seedlings strong with affinity.
Then nutrient solution is prepared, the ingredient of nutrient solution is in parts by weight：1 part of fish excrement, 20 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of zinc oxalate, 15 parts of water；
By fish excrement and urea phosphate after mixing first, zinc oxalate and water are added, and places it in temperature and handle 10min for 100 DEG C, it is cold
But after, nutrient solution is obtained.Then apply nutrient solution in the wild mahogany seedling surrounding, apply after nutrient solution 3 months, take the wild peach
Wooden seedling is as stock；
2) cuttings is acquired：The crisp red Japanese plum of elite stand high yield, stable yields, robust growth, the excellent adult of no disease and pests harm is taken as slotting
Fringe is covered using fish excrement to 4/5ths depths of cuttings, sprays processing cuttings, the material composition of sterilized solution using sterilized solution
It is in parts by weight：1 part of fenaminosulf, 10 parts of phoxim, 30 parts of water；The wherein a concentration of 95wt% of fenaminosulf, phoxim it is dense
It spends to be 40%；Preparation method is after the temperature of water is adjusted to 50 DEG C, to add in fenaminosulf thereto, be uniformly mixed,
After phoxim is added in again, oscillation treatment 20min, you can.It is 35 DEG C that cuttings finally is placed in temperature, and humidity is 60% environment
Middle culture, and according to Routine Management, until after leaf bud emergence, grow for use after the 4cm of ground；
3) it grafts：
Stock is cut first, at the position of 6cm from the ground, chooses the thicker and smooth place of stock skin, stock is cut off
And scabble its section；It is 2.0cm as notch to split depth vertically downward centrally through medulla by the use of cleft grafting knife from its cross section；
Then scion is cut, at scion is from bud 0.5cm, scion is whittled into wedge shape, positive and negative two bevel of scion with grafting knife
Length is controlled in 2.0cm or so；Stay 4 leaves on the top of scion, upper end at bud 0.5cm away from cutting flat；
Scion is inserted into stock by then grafting fringe.
It finally wraps up, 1 layer of scion and the grafting of stock point is first wrapped up using the sliver that the nutrient solution in step 1) is impregnated with, then
Wind 2 layers with plastic film, afterwards with pricking hole on sewing-needle plastic film, the quantity in hole be maintained at 20 it is every square centimeter；
Then it is 1 according to mass ratio by fish excrement and chicken manure：0.2 mixing adds the river sand that granularity is 100 mesh and stirs evenly to obtain mixing
Then object is covered scion and the grafting of stock point with mixture, and spray nursery agent to the surface of grafting point；Wherein, river sand
Addition be 2 times of fish excrement, the fountain height of nursery agent is 10kg/ mus.The material composition of nursery agent is in parts by weight：Water 10
Part, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 0.03 part of yeast, 1 part of phoxim, 0.2 part of fenaminosulf, 1 part of fish excrement,
0.1 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 part of heteroauxin；The preparation method of nursery agent includes the following steps：
(1) after phoxim is mixed with fenaminosulf, compound sodium nitrophenolate and heteroauxin is added in, uses mixing speed as 1000r/
After min stir process 10min, then place it in the environment that temperature is 30 DEG C and place 1 day；
(2) after Jiang Shui is mixed with fish excrement, yeast is added in, and used the mixing speed stir process 5min of 100r/min
Afterwards, it places it in the environment that temperature is 30 DEG C and places 3 days, and add in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea thereto, place 1
After it, mixing speed is used as 1000r/min stir process 10min, then it is 60 DEG C to adjust temperature, adds in step (1) and obtains
The material obtained, and be stirred for uniformly, you can.
The final survival rate of seedling is 92%.
Embodiment 2
1) Root-stock selection：It is healthy and strong to choose Growth status, no disease and pests harm fits the ground property 2 year wild mahogany seedlings strong with affinity.
Then nutrient solution is prepared, the ingredient of nutrient solution is in parts by weight：2 parts of fish excrement, 25 parts of urea phosphate, 13 parts of zinc oxalate, 15 parts of water；
By fish excrement and urea phosphate after mixing first, zinc oxalate and water are added, and places it in temperature and handle 10min for 100 DEG C, it is cold
But after, nutrient solution is obtained.Then apply nutrient solution in the wild mahogany seedling surrounding, apply after nutrient solution 3 months, take the wild peach
Wooden seedling is as stock；
2) cuttings is acquired：The crisp red Japanese plum of elite stand high yield, stable yields, robust growth, the excellent adult of no disease and pests harm is taken as slotting
Fringe is covered using fish excrement to 4/5ths depths of cuttings, sprays processing cuttings, the material composition of sterilized solution using sterilized solution
It is in parts by weight：3 parts of fenaminosulf, 20 parts of phoxim, 40 parts of water；The wherein a concentration of 95wt% of fenaminosulf, phoxim it is dense
It spends to be 40%；Preparation method is after the temperature of water is adjusted to 50 DEG C, to add in fenaminosulf thereto, be uniformly mixed,
After phoxim is added in again, oscillation treatment 20min, you can.It is 35 DEG C that cuttings finally is placed in temperature, and humidity is 60% environment
Middle culture, and according to Routine Management, until after leaf bud emergence, grow for use after the 4cm of ground；
3) it grafts：
Stock is cut first, at the position of 10cm from the ground, chooses the thicker and smooth place of stock skin, stock is cut off
And scabble its section；It is 2.0cm as notch to split depth vertically downward centrally through medulla by the use of cleft grafting knife from its cross section.
Then scion is cut, at scion is from bud 0.5cm, scion is whittled into wedge shape, positive and negative two bevel of scion with grafting knife
Length is controlled in 2.0cm or so；Stay 4 leaves on the top of scion, upper end at bud 0.5cm away from cutting flat.
Scion is inserted into stock by then grafting fringe.
It finally wraps up, 1 layer of scion and the grafting of stock point is first wrapped up using the sliver that the nutrient solution in step 1) is impregnated with, then
Wind 2 layers with plastic film, afterwards with pricking hole on sewing-needle plastic film, the quantity in hole be maintained at 40 it is every square centimeter；
Then it is 1 according to mass ratio by fish excrement and chicken manure：0.2 mixing adds the river sand that granularity is 100 mesh and stirs evenly to obtain mixing
Then object is covered scion and the grafting of stock point with mixture, and spray nursery agent to the surface of grafting point；Wherein, river sand
Addition be 2 times of fish excrement, the fountain height of nursery agent is 10kg/ mus.The material composition of nursery agent is in parts by weight：Water 20
Part, 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 0.07 part of yeast, 1 part of phoxim, 0.2 part of fenaminosulf, 1 part of fish excrement,
0.1 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 part of heteroauxin；The preparation method of nursery agent includes the following steps：
(1) after phoxim is mixed with fenaminosulf, compound sodium nitrophenolate and heteroauxin is added in, uses mixing speed as 1000r/
After min stir process 10min, then place it in the environment that temperature is 30 DEG C and place 1 day；
(2) after Jiang Shui is mixed with fish excrement, yeast is added in, and used the mixing speed stir process 5min of 100r/min
Afterwards, it places it in the environment that temperature is 30 DEG C and places 3 days, and add in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea thereto, place 1
After it, mixing speed is used as 1000r/min stir process 10min, then it is 60 DEG C to adjust temperature, adds in step (1) and obtains
The material obtained, and be stirred for uniformly, you can.
The final survival rate of seedling is 95%.
Comparative example 1
Other methods and step are only not added with nutrient solution, in step with embodiment 1 in the wrapping process in step 1) and 3)
2) bactericidal agent is not added in, nursery agent is not added in step 3), the survival rate of final seedling only has 65%.It is it follows that of the invention
The cultural method of the crisp red Japanese plum is by being improved seedling raising process so that the graft survival rate of crisp red Japanese plum seedling can
To be up to 95%, and parent is using wild mahogany seedling, and wild mahogany seedling has excellent diseases and insect pests resistance and stronger
Vitality so that the crisp red Japanese plum after grafting inherits the excellent genes of wild mahogany seedling, greatly improves crisp red Japanese plum
Diseases and insect pests resistance and vitality, while the method for culturing seedlings period of the present invention is shorter so as to form preferable economic effect
Benefit.
In above-mentioned implementation process, in step d, trimmed using following clipping device：As shown in Figs 1-4, it is described
Clipping device includes supporting rod 101, mobile power 102, the bag body 103 for holding movable power supply 102, on the bag body 103
Be provided with shoulder strap 104, the mobile power 102 is placed in bag body 103, the supporting rod 101 be hollow-core construction, the support
The upper end of bar 101 is provided with shear 105, and the shear 105 includes matrix 10501, the bottom of described matrix 10501
The upper end of supporting rod 101 is fixed on, is had in described matrix 10501 there are one hollow cavity 10502, the cavity 10502
The first sliding groove 10503 is provided on front inner wall, the first sliding block 10504, first sliding block are provided in the first sliding groove 10503
10504 left and right sides is respectively arranged with the first spring 10505, and one end of the first spring 10505 is fixed on the first sliding groove 10503
Side wall on, the other end of the first spring 10505 is fixed on the first sliding block 10504, the length side of first spring 10505
To identical with the extending direction of the first sliding groove 10503, when the first sliding block 10504 is located at 10503 middle part of the first sliding groove, the first bullet
Spring 10505 is in nature elongation state, and the rear side inner wall mulberry of the cavity 10502 is provided with second sliding slot 10506, and described second
The second sliding block 10507 is provided in sliding slot 10506, the left and right sides of second sliding block 10507 is respectively arranged with second spring,
One end of second spring is fixed on the side wall of second sliding slot 10506, and the other end of second spring is fixed on the second sliding block 10507
On, the length direction of the second spring is identical with the extending direction of second sliding slot 10506, when the second sliding block 10507 is located at the
During two 10506 middle parts of sliding slot, second spring is in nature elongation state, and the first sliding groove 10503 is mutual with second sliding slot 10506
The upper surface of parallel and the first sliding groove 10503 extending direction and matrix 10501 is parallel to each other, first sliding block 10504
Be provided with rotation axis 10509 between the second sliding block 10507, the both ends of the rotation axis 10509 respectively with the first sliding block
10504th, the second sliding block 10507 is connected by bearing, the central axis of the rotation axis 10509 and prolonging for the first sliding groove 10503
It is orthogonal to stretch direction, 10509 lower section of rotation axis is provided with bracket 10510, and the bracket 10510 is fixed on by bearing
In rotation axis 10509, driving motor 10511 is provided on the bracket 10510, the output terminal of the driving motor 10511 is set
Be equipped with driving wheel 10512, be fixedly installed driven wheel 10513 in the rotation axis 10509, the driving wheel 10512 with it is driven
Wheel 10513 is connected by drive mechanism, and the middle part fixing sleeve of the rotation axis 10509 is equipped with first gear 10514, described matrix
10501 top is provided with second gear 10515, the upper surface setting fluted 10516 of described matrix 10501, the groove
10516 extending direction is identical with the extending direction of the first sliding groove 10503 and the bottom of groove 10516 is connected with cavity 10502,
The first gear 10514 is connected with second gear 10515 by connecting plate 10517, and first gear 10514, second gear
10515 are connected by bearing with connecting plate 10517, further include chain 10518 without a head, the chain 10518 without a head successively around
First gear 10514 and second gear 10515 are crossed, the outside of the chain 10518 without a head is provided with sawtooth 10508, the base
10501 upper surface of body is provided with baffle 10519, and the middle part setting of the baffle 10519 has the gap 10520, the gap 10520
Width and groove 10516 it is of same size, and the lower end in gap 10520 extends to groove 10516, the connecting plate 10517
Inside is embedded cored 10521, and electromagnet 10522, the electromagnet 10522, driving motor are embedded in the baffle 10519
10511 are connected respectively by electric wire with mobile power 102, and switch 106 is provided on the electric wire, when switching 106 closure, are driven
Dynamic motor 10511 drives driving wheel 10512 to rotate, and driving wheel 10512 drives driven wheel 10513 to rotate, and driven wheel 10513 drives
Rotation axis 10509 rotates, and rotation axis 10509 drives first gear 10514 to rotate, and first gear 10514 drives chain without a head
10518 rotations, simultaneously electromagnet 10522 is powered, and electromagnet 10522 generates suction to the iron core 10521 in connecting plate 10517
Power so that connecting plate 10517 is moved towards baffle 10519, and connecting plate 10517 towards baffle 10519 during moving, and the
One sliding block 10504 is slided along the first sliding groove 10503, and the second sliding block 10507 is slided along second sliding slot 10506, when chain without a head
10518 when being moved in gap 10520, and electromagnet 10522 acts on the suction of iron core 10521 equal to the first spring 10505
Active force and second spring on first sliding block 10504 act on the sum of active force on the second sliding block 10507.The clipping device
When in use, operator holds the lower end of supporting rod 101, and shear 105 is stretched to the branch for needing to trim, and to need
The branch of trimming is between baffle 10519 and connecting plate 10517, then closure switch 106, and driving motor 10511, which drives, to be driven
Driving wheel 10512 rotates, and driving wheel 10512 drives driven wheel 10513 to rotate, and driven wheel 10513 drives rotation axis 10509 to rotate,
Rotation axis 10509 drives first gear 10514 to rotate, and first gear 10514 drives chain 10518 without a head to rotate, chain without a head
10508 high-speed mobile of sawtooth that the outside of chain 10518 without a head is set can be driven during 10518 rotation, while electromagnet 10522 is logical
Electricity, electromagnet 10522 generate suction to the iron core 10521 in connecting plate 10517 so that connecting plate 10517 is towards baffle 10519
Mobile, connecting plate 10517 towards baffle 10519 during moving, and the sawtooth 10508 of high-speed mobile is gradually with needing to trim
Branch close to after sawtooth 10508 is contacted with branch, high-speed mobile sawtooth 10508 cuts branch, and then by branch
Cut-out, when being moved in gap 10520 after sawtooth 10508 cuts off branch, since electromagnet 10522 is to iron core 10521
Suction is equal to the active force that acts on the first sliding block 10504 of the first spring 10505 and second spring acts on the second sliding block
The sum of active force on 10507, therefore, sawtooth 10508 cannot continue to move to, at this point, disconnecting switch 106, electromagnet 10522 is right
The suction of iron core 10521 disappears, and the first sliding block 10504 is under the action of the first spring 10505, the second sliding block 10507 is second
Initial position is returned under the action of spring and carries out cutting operation next time, entire cutting-off process operating personnel need not be firmly time saving
Again laborsaving, and mobile power 102 is born at the back of operating personnel, the lighter in weight of entire supporting rod 101, when can be long
Between hold, significantly reduce the labor intensity of operating personnel.
Personnel hold in order to facilitate the operation and Operation switch 106, the lower part of the supporting rod 101 are provided with non-slip mat 107,
The switch 106 is arranged on 101 lower part of supporting rod.
In addition, in step D, picked when picking crisp red plum fruit using following auxiliary device, as shown in figure 5,
The auxiliary device includes fixes sleeve 201, and the lower end of the fixes sleeve 201 is connected with stent 202, is set in the sleeve
There is screw 203, the screw 203 is connect with bush whorl, and the lower end of the screw 203 is stretched into sleeve, the screw 203
Upper end is extended to outside sleeve, and the upper end of the screw 203 is provided with the support tablet 204 of bar shaped, described to support in tablet 204
The heart is provided with through-hole, and bearing is provided in the through-hole, and the upper end of the screw 203 is fixed on support tablet 204 by bearing
Center, it is described support tablet 204 upper surface be provided with seat 205 and magazine 206, the seat 205, magazine
206 respectively positioned at the both ends of the support tablet 204 of bar shaped, and the lower section of the support tablet 204 is provided with driving wheel 207, described
Driving wheel 207 is fixed on the lower surface of support tablet 204 by bracket 10510, and driving wheel 207 is located at support tablet 204 and sets
One end of magazine 206 is equipped with, the first angular wheel 208 is arranged on the screw 203, first angular wheel 208
Miner diameter end is upward, further includes the second angular wheel 209, and second angular wheel 209 is fixed on support by bracket 10510 and puts down
The lower surface of plate 204, the central axis of second angular wheel 209 and the central axis of the first angular wheel 208 hang down mutually
Straight and the central axis and driving wheel 207 of the second angular wheel 209 central axis is parallel to each other, first angular wheel
208 intermesh with the second angular wheel 209, and second angular wheel 209 is connected with driving wheel 207 by transmission mechanism,
The both sides of the driving wheel 207 are provided with foot pedal 210, when rotating driving wheel 207 by foot pedal 210, driving wheel 207
The second angular wheel 209 is driven to rotate, the second angular wheel 209 drives the first angular wheel 208 to rotate, the first angular wheel
208 rotations drive screw 203 to rotate.When carrying out crisp red plum fruit picking using the auxiliary device, stent 202 need to be only placed on
It needs below the fruit tree picked, picking personnel are sitting on seat 205, and the basket for containing crisp red plum fruit or sack are put into storage
In rack 206, then foot is placed on foot pedal 210, is rotated, and then band by stepping on the driving wheel 207 pedaled foot pedal 210 and be
Dynamic second angular wheel 209 rotates, and the second angular wheel 209 rotates and then the first angular wheel 208 is driven to rotate, the first taper
The rotation of gear 208 drives screw 203 to rotate, and the rotation of screw 203 can cause screw 203 to be moved up and down along sleeve, and then can
The adjustment of 204 upper-lower position of tablet is supported, in entire picking process, picking personnel can only adjust support according to actual conditions
The upper-lower position of tablet 204 so as to which picking personnel be enable to win the crisp red plum fruit of higher position from the ground, and entirely adjusts
Process, picking personnel need not move, and need to only be stepped on foot and pedal foot pedal 210 and can be realized, operated very convenient, and
Entire picking process picking personnel are carried out on seat 205, the comfort level of picking operation can be greatly improved, so as to make picking
Personnel can carry out picking operation for a long time, meanwhile, the crisp red plum fruit of picking is put into basket or sack and then is placed on storage
In rack 206, without picking personnel's heavy burden operation, the labor intensity of picking personnel is significantly reduced.
In order to which picking personnel is enable to pick the crisp red plum fruit of body all around four direction, it is necessary to support tablet
204 can realize and horizontally rotate, to achieve these goals, the upper table of the upper end face and support tablet 204 of the screw 203
Face is in same level, and the upper surface of the screw 203 is provided with the first keyway, the upper end face of the support tablet 204
On be provided with the second keyway 212, the width of first keyway is of same size with the second keyway 212, further includes U-shaped retainingf key
213, when one end of the U-shaped retainingf key 213 is located in the first keyway, and the other end is located in the second keyway 212, screw 203
Rotation can drive support tablet 204 to rotate.It, only need to be by one end position of U-shaped retainingf key 213 when needing rotational support tablet 204
In in the first keyway, the other end is located in the second keyway 212, then steps on and pedals foot pedal 210, can so that support tablet 204 with
Screw 203 rotates together, if do not need to rotational support tablet 204, only need to take out U-shaped retainingf key 213 out of keyway,
Operation is very easy.
Further, in order to increase the stability of entire auxiliary device, the stent 202 is preferably tripod.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
A, nursery；The process of the nursery is as described below：
1) Root-stock selection：It is healthy and strong to choose Growth status, no disease and pests harm fits ground property and the wild mahogany seedlings of the strong 1-2 of affinity, and
Apply nutrient solution in the wild mahogany seedling surrounding, after applying nutrient solution at least three moon, take the wild mahogany seedling as stock；
2) cuttings is acquired：Elite stand high yield, stable yields, robust growth, the crisp red Japanese plum of the excellent adult of no disease and pests harm is taken to be adopted as cuttings
It is covered with fish excrement to 4/5ths depths of cuttings, processing cuttings is sprayed using sterilized solution, then place it in temperature as 35-40
DEG C, humidity is to be cultivated in the environment of 60-80%, and according to Routine Management, until after leaf bud emergence, is grown apart from ground 2-4cm
It is for use afterwards；
3) it grafts：Including cutting stock, cutting scion, grafting fringe and wrapping；Wherein, wrapping refers to：The sliver packet being impregnated with using nutrient solution
1-2 layers of scion and the grafting of stock point are wrapped up in, then 1-2 layers are wound with plastic film, pricks hole on sewing-needle plastic film afterwards, hole
It is a every square centimeter that quantity is maintained at 10-40；According to mass ratio it is 1 by fish excrement and chicken manure：0.1-0.5 is mixed, and is added
Granularity stirs evenly to obtain mixture for the river sand of 50-200 mesh, is then covered scion and the grafting of stock point with mixture, and
Nursery agent is sprayed to the surface of grafting point；Wherein, the addition of river sand is 2-4 times of fish excrement, and the fountain height of nursery agent is 10-
30kg/ mus；
B, seedling is selected；After grafting fringe to be grafted survives, tender shoots is healthy and strong on selection grafting fringe, bud matter is full, without quarantine object and nothing
The wild mahogany seedling of pest and disease damage is as plum seedling；
C, it is colonized；Measuring point is digged pit, and hole depth is 10-15cm, and (farm manure is animal to the farm manure of the 2~5cm of bottom covering in hole
Excrement or the straw of corruption powder corruption, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure；), the wild mahogany seedling chosen is used into cave cultivation side
Formula is transplanted in the hole dug, and is planted, is inwardly earthed up from surrounding with fine earth after plantation, by strain in annual April 5~20
Away from 2.5 meters, 4 meters of line-spacing is planted；
D, it manages：
A applies fertilizer：Apply the farm manure (plant that the farm manure is animal wastes or corruption powder is degenerated to crisp red Japanese plum in annual autumn
Object stalk, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure；), 50-100 kilograms of the farm manure that every plant of crisp red Japanese plum applies；It is sprouted in crisp red Japanese plum
0.5-1 kilogram of quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer or 25 kilograms of decomposed night soils are applied in 10 days (early April) before bud, strain；In late May to 6 months
In ten days, quick-acting nitrogen potash fertilizer is imposed, strain applies 0.5 kilogram；(late June to 8 before entering rapid expanding stage to fruit after physiological fallen fruit
The middle of the month), available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are imposed, strain applies 0.5-1 kilogram；It is dense to being sprayed during harvesting to start coloring in fruit
It spends for 0.2-0.3% phosphorus, potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer；
B pours water：Crisp red Japanese plum is irrigated before rudiment with young fruit expanding stage, young sprout growth period, and primary freeze-up water is filled before entering the winter；
The c prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
D is trimmed：The treelet phase is trimmed to natural open centre shape, the manhood carry out light pruning and it is deep trim, go it is prosperous stay it is strong；
E, it picks：Crisp red plum fruit is harvested after crisp red Lee's maturation.
2. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1) and step 3), the battalion
The material composition of nutrient solution is in parts by weight：1-3 parts of fish excrement, 20-30 parts of urea phosphate, 10-20 parts of zinc oxalate, 10-20 parts of water；Its
Preparation method be by fish excrement and urea phosphate after mixing, add zinc oxalate and water, and it is 80-180 DEG C to place it in temperature
10-20min is handled, after cooling, obtains nutrient solution.
3. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 2), the original of the sterilized solution
Expect that ingredient is in parts by weight：1-3 parts of fenaminosulf, 10-20 parts of phoxim, 30-40 parts of water；Wherein fenaminosulf is a concentration of
95wt%, a concentration of of phoxim is 40%；Preparation method is after the temperature of water is adjusted to 50-70 DEG C, to add in thereto
Fenaminosulf is uniformly mixed, then after phoxim is added in, oscillation treatment 20-30min, you can.
4. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step 3), the original of the nursery agent
Expect that ingredient is in parts by weight：10-20 parts of water, 3-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-7 parts of urea, yeast 0.01-
0.07 part, 1-3 parts of phoxim, 0.1-0.4 parts of fenaminosulf, 1-3 parts of fish excrement, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, heteroauxin 0.5-
0.9 part；
Preparation method includes the following steps：
(1) after phoxim is mixed with fenaminosulf, compound sodium nitrophenolate and heteroauxin is added in, uses mixing speed as 1000-
After 3000r/min stir process 10-20min, then place it in the environment that temperature is 30-40 DEG C and place 1-2 days；
(2) after Jiang Shui is mixed with fish excrement, yeast is added in, and used the mixing speed stir process 5- of 100-200r/min
After 10min, it is is placed 3-5 days in 30-40 DEG C of environment to place it in temperature, and thereto addition potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate,
Urea after placing 1-2 days, is used mixing speed as 1000-3000r/min stir process 10-30min, then adjust temperature
It is 60-80 DEG C, adds in the material that step (1) obtains, and is stirred for uniformly, you can.
5. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step 3), cut stock and refer to：Liftoff
The position of face 6-10cm chooses the thicker and smooth place of stock skin, stock is cut off and scabbles its section；With cleft grafting knife from
Its cross section split vertically downward centrally through medulla depth for 2.0-3.0cm as notch.
6. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 3), cut scion and refer to：It is connecing
Fringe from bud 0.5cm at, scion is whittled into wedge shape with grafting knife, the positive and negative two bevels length control of scion is in 2.0-3.0cm；It connects
Stay 2-4 piece leaves on the top of fringe, the upper end of scion at bud 0.5-1.0cm away from cutting flat.
7. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step d, filled using following trimming
It puts and is trimmed：The clipping device includes supporting rod (101), mobile power (102), for holding movable power supply (102)
Bag body (103) is provided with shoulder strap (104) on the bag body (103), and the mobile power (102) is placed in a bag body (103),
The supporting rod (101) is hollow-core construction, and the upper end of the supporting rod (101) is provided with shear (105), the shearing dress
It puts (105) and includes matrix (10501), the bottom of described matrix (10501) is fixed on the upper end of supporting rod (101), described matrix
(10501) tool is provided with the first sliding groove there are one hollow cavity (10502) on the front inner wall of the cavity (10502) in
(10503), the first sliding block (10504), the left and right sides of first sliding block (10504) are provided in the first sliding groove (10503)
The first spring (10505) is respectively arranged with, one end of the first spring (10505) is fixed on the side wall of the first sliding groove (10503),
The other end of first spring (10505) is fixed on the first sliding block (10504), the length direction of first spring (10505)
It is identical with the extending direction of the first sliding groove (10503), when the first sliding block (10504) is in the middle part of the first sliding groove (10503), the
One spring (10505) is provided with second sliding slot in nature elongation state, the rear side inner wall mulberry of the cavity (10502)
(10506), the second sliding block (10507), the left and right of second sliding block (10507) are provided in the second sliding slot (10506)
Both sides are respectively arranged with second spring, and one end of second spring is fixed on the side wall of second sliding slot (10506), second spring
The other end is fixed on the second sliding block (10507), the length direction of the second spring and the extension side of second sliding slot (10506)
To identical, when the second sliding block (10507) is in the middle part of second sliding slot (10506), second spring is in nature elongation state, institute
State that the first sliding groove (10503) and second sliding slot (10506) be parallel to each other and the extending direction and matrix of the first sliding groove (10503)
(10501) upper surface is parallel to each other, and rotation axis is provided between first sliding block (10504) and the second sliding block (10507)
(10509), the both ends of the rotation axis (10509) pass through bearing with the first sliding block (10504), the second sliding block (10507) respectively
It is connected, the central axis and the extending direction of the first sliding groove (10503) of the rotation axis (10509) are orthogonal, the rotation
Bracket (10510) is provided with below axis (10509), the bracket (10510) is fixed on by bearing in rotation axis (10509),
Driving motor (10511) is provided on the bracket (10510), the output terminal of the driving motor (10511) is provided with driving
Take turns (10512), be fixedly installed driven wheel (10513) on the rotation axis (10509), the driving wheel (10512) with it is driven
Wheel (10513) is connected by drive mechanism, and the middle part fixing sleeve of the rotation axis (10509) is equipped with first gear (10514), institute
It states and second gear (10515) is provided with above matrix (10501), the upper surface setting of described matrix (10501) is fluted
(10516), the extending direction of the groove (10516) is identical with the extending direction of the first sliding groove (10503) and groove (10516)
Bottom connected with cavity (10502), the first gear (10514) and second gear (10515) pass through connecting plate (10517)
It is connected, and first gear (10514), second gear (10515) are connected by bearing with connecting plate (10517), further include nothing
Head chain (10518), the chain (10518) without a head is successively around first gear (10514) and second gear (10515), institute
It states and sawtooth (10508) is provided on the outside of chain without a head (10518), described matrix (10501) upper surface is provided with baffle
(10519), the middle part setting of the baffle (10519) has the gap (10520), the width and groove of the gap (10520)
(10516) of same size, and the lower end of gap (10520) extends to groove (10516), the connecting plate (10517) is internal
It is embedded cored (10521), electromagnet (10522), the electromagnet (10522), driving is embedded in the baffle (10519)
Motor (10511) is connected respectively by electric wire with mobile power (102), and switch (106) is provided on the electric wire, works as switch
(106) when being closed, driving motor (10511) drives driving wheel (10512) to rotate, and driving wheel (10512) drives driven wheel
(10513) it rotates, driven wheel (10513) drives rotation axis (10509) to rotate, and rotation axis (10509) drives first gear
(10514) it rotating, first gear (10514) drives chain (10518) rotation without a head, and simultaneously electromagnet (10522) is powered,
Electromagnet (10522) generates suction to the iron core (10521) in connecting plate (10517) so that connecting plate (10517) is towards baffle
(10519) mobile, connecting plate (10517) is during mobile towards baffle (10519), and the first sliding block (10504) is along first
Sliding slot (10503) slides, and the second sliding block (10507) is slided along second sliding slot (10506), when chain without a head (10518) is moved to
When gap (10520) is interior, electromagnet (10522) acts on first to the suction of iron core (10521) equal to the first spring (10505)
Active force and second spring on sliding block (10504) act on the sum of active force on the second sliding block (10507).
8. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The lower part of the supporting rod (101) is set
Non-slip mat (107) is equipped with, the switch (106) is arranged on supporting rod (101) lower part.
9. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step D, crisp red Lee fruit is being picked
It is picked in real time using following auxiliary device, the auxiliary device includes fixes sleeve (201), the fixes sleeve (201)
Lower end be connected with stent (202), screw (203) is provided in the sleeve, the screw (203) connect with bush whorl,
The lower end of the screw (203) is stretched into sleeve, and the upper end of the screw (203) is extended to outside sleeve, the screw (203)
Upper end is provided with the support tablet (204) of bar shaped, and the support tablet (204) is provided centrally with through-hole, is set in the through-hole
Bearing is equipped with, the upper end of the screw (203) is fixed on the center of support tablet (204), the support tablet by bearing
(204) upper surface is provided with seat (205) and magazine (206), and the seat (205), magazine (206) are located at respectively
The both ends of the support tablet (204) of bar shaped, described support are provided with driving wheel (207), the driving wheel below tablet (204)
(207) lower surface of support tablet (204) is fixed on by bracket (10510), and driving wheel (207) is positioned at support tablet
(204) one end of magazine (206) is provided with, is arranged with the first angular wheel (208) on the screw (203), described first
The miner diameter end of angular wheel (208) is upward, further includes the second angular wheel (209), and second angular wheel (209) passes through support
Frame (10510) is fixed on the lower surface of support tablet (204), the central axis of second angular wheel (209) and the first cone
The central axis of shape gear (208) is orthogonal and the center of the central axis of the second angular wheel (209) and driving wheel (207)
Axis is parallel to each other, and first angular wheel (208) is intermeshed with the second angular wheel (209), second conical tooth
Wheel (209) is connected with driving wheel (207) by transmission mechanism, and the both sides of the driving wheel (207) are provided with foot pedal (210),
When rotating driving wheel (207) by foot pedal (210), driving wheel (207) drives the second angular wheel (209) to rotate, the
Two angular wheels (209) drive the first angular wheel (208) to rotate, and the first angular wheel (208) rotation drives screw (203) to turn
It is dynamic.
10. the cultural method of crisp red Japanese plum according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The upper end face of the screw (203)
Same level is in the upper surface of support tablet (204), the upper surface of the screw (203) is provided with the first keyway
(211), the second keyway (212), the width of first keyway (211) are provided on the upper end face of the support tablet (204)
Degree is of same size with the second keyway (212), further includes U-shaped retainingf key (213), when one end of the U-shaped retainingf key (213) position
In the first keyway (211), the other end be located at the second keyway (212) it is interior when, screw (203), which rotates, can drive support tablet
(204) it rotates.
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| CN111418365A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-17 | 纳雍县万寿玛瑙红樱桃有限公司 | Compound root inducing solution for layering seedling raising of agate red cherries and application thereof |
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| CN108243819B (en) | 2020-08-14 |
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