CN108207600A - Substrate culture implant system - Google Patents
Substrate culture implant system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108207600A CN108207600A CN201810097153.0A CN201810097153A CN108207600A CN 108207600 A CN108207600 A CN 108207600A CN 201810097153 A CN201810097153 A CN 201810097153A CN 108207600 A CN108207600 A CN 108207600A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- implant system
- planting groove
- substrate culture
- planting
- culture implant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G2031/006—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics with means for recycling the nutritive solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present embodiments relate to industrialized agriculture greenhouse culture technique fields, disclose a kind of substrate culture implant system.Substrate culture implant system provided in an embodiment of the present invention with including the gardening for being opened in the planting groove of soil surface, the internal face for being layed in the planting groove cloth, the waterproof layer on cloth and be set to above the waterproof layer and for the planting matrix of raise crop with being layed in the gardening, the gardening cloth extended to outside the planting groove from the internal face and cover the soil surface.Substrate culture implant system in embodiment of the present invention can reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to industrialized agriculture greenhouse culture technique field, more particularly to a kind of substrate culture kind phytem
System.
Background technology
Soilless culture be do not have to natural soil, but utilize the nutrient solution containing growth and development of plants necessary element or
The mode of solid matrix Ensure Liquid liquid provides nutrition and plant can be enable to normally complete the plantation skill of whole life cycle
Art can be divided into no substrate culture and substrate culture, wherein, substrate culture usually requires to use planting groove.Planting groove is a kind of
Cultivation matrix is put in slot type receptacles, the inside, for planting plants, is mainly used in the too many plant of continuous cropping problem and long-stalked crop
Plantation.Conventional planting groove is shape of chinese word Ji metal trough in the prior art, and general there are two types of set-up modes, and a kind of mode is to hook
Shape of chinese word Ji metal trough is hung on greenhouse composite beam, and another way is shape of chinese word Ji truss on ground support.
Inventor has found that at least there are the following problems in the prior art：Shape of chinese word Ji metal trough production technology is complicated, and materials are expensive, consumption
Fixed structure that is larger, and needing additional is provided, leads to the implant system high expensive using such planting groove.In view of this, really
It is necessary to provide a kind of implant systems that can reduce cost.
Invention content
Embodiment of the present invention is designed to provide a kind of substrate culture implant system, can reduce cost.
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of substrate culture implant system, including opening
With being located at the gardening of the planting groove of soil surface, the internal face for being layed in the planting groove cloth, with being layed in the gardening on cloth
Waterproof layer and be set to above the waterproof layer and for the planting matrix of raise crop.
In terms of existing technologies, planting groove is opened in soil surface to embodiment of the present invention, simple in structure, and groove body is not
It needs to use metal smelt, cheap environmental protection can be greatly lowered the manufacture cost of planting groove, simplify manufacture craft；And without increasing
It carrys additionally the additional structure such as hook, stent and fixes support groove body, can further reduce the cost of the substrate culture implant system.
In addition, waterproof layer can prevent the nutrient solution poured during long-term cropping from leaking, ensure that nutrient solution is fully utilized, and planting matrix
It is isolated, is prevented when using the substrate culture implant system with soil, nutrient solution is penetrated into soil, and soil richness is caused to be sought
Fosterization；Cloth is covered in soil surface with being layed in the gardening between waterproof layer and planting groove internal face, can prevent soil surface
It bears weeds and destroys waterproof layer, moreover it is possible to keep soil moisture, response green environmental protection is advocated.
It is filled in the planting groove and on the waterproof layer in addition, the substrate culture implant system further includes
The permeable formation of side, the planting matrix are set on the permeable formation.Being arranged such can be that planting matrix discharge is extra after pouring
Nutrient solution reserve accumulation space, avoid the excess moisture in the planting matrix, and permeable formation can filter planting matrix
Drain prevents the detritus of doping planting matrix in the extra nutrient solution of discharge.
In addition, the permeable formation fills up the planting groove, the planting matrix is located at outside the planting groove.It is arranged such just
In periodic replacement planting matrix, the physical behavior of planting matrix is avoided to be not easy to replace after being deteriorated.
In addition, the substrate culture implant system further includes the drainpipe being set in the planting groove, the drainpipe
Several first osculums are equipped with, the permeable formation is pressed on the drainpipe.The drainpipe can be planting matrix
The extra nutrient solution of discharge reserves accumulation space, is flowed out convenient for the nutrient solution of discharge along drainpipe, recycling is facilitated to discharge extra
Nutrient solution is to reuse.
In addition, multiple first drainings are arranged at intervals on the cross section vertical with the length direction of the antipriming pipe
Hole.Such setting can ensure that the nutrition liquid energy discharged in planting matrix smoothly flows into drainpipe by the first osculum, facilitate receipts
Collect extra nutrient solution, and the first osculum spaced set on the cross section of drainpipe, it is ensured that during placement drainpipe not
Need deliberately to adjust the setting angle of drainpipe, the making for making the substrate culture implant system is more simple and convenient.
In addition, on the cross section vertical with the length direction of the planting groove, the planting groove is V-shaped.Compared to phase
For the shape of chinese word Ji planting groove of width, the planting groove volume of the planting groove of V-shaped and internal face area smaller, inside will fill
Material and the gardening that need to be laid with cloth and waterproof layer it is less, can further reduce making for the substrate culture implant system
Valency, and the narrow upper width of subordinate in groove body make the bottom more easily collecting ponding of the planting groove, facilitate the substrate culture implant system
Discharge nutrient solution extra in planting groove.
In addition, the planting matrix is coconut palm chaff item, the coconut palm chaff item includes the bottom of waterproof layer described in face and the bottom
The top that portion is oppositely arranged, the top offer implantation hole, and the bottom offers the second osculum.
In addition, the substrate culture implant system further includes：For irrigating the irrigation equipment of nutrient solution to the planting groove.
In addition, the irrigation equipment includes being used for transmission the irrigation supervisor of nutrient solution, is arranged on described irrigate on supervisor
Branch pipe is irrigated, described irrigation branch pipe one end is extended to the irrigation supervisor connection, the other end in the implantation hole.It is arranged such
It can avoid wasting so that nutrient solution is directly precisely input crop root compared with low discharge.
Description of the drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by the picture in corresponding attached drawing, these exemplary theorys
The bright restriction not formed to embodiment, the element for having same reference numbers label in attached drawing are expressed as similar element, remove
Non- have a special statement, and composition does not limit the figure in attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view according to first embodiment of the invention mesostroma cultivating and growing system；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view according to the drainpipe of first embodiment of the invention mesostroma cultivating and growing system；
Fig. 3 is to be put according to the drainpipe of first embodiment of the invention mesostroma cultivating and growing system along the section of line A-A
Big figure；
Fig. 4 is the vertical view according to second embodiment of the invention mesostroma cultivating and growing system.
Specific embodiment
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage to make the embodiment of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention
Each embodiment be explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment party of the present invention
In formula, many technical details are proposed in order to which reader is made to more fully understand the present invention.But even if without these technical details
And various changes and modifications based on the following respective embodiments, it can also realize claimed technical solution of the invention.
The first embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of substrate culture implant systems 100.The core of present embodiment is,
Including：The planting groove 11 that is opened in soil surface, the gardening for the internal face for being layed in planting groove 11 ground cloth 12, with being layed in gardening
Waterproof layer 13 on cloth 12 and it is set to 13 top of waterproof layer and for the planting matrix 14 of raise crop.With the prior art
In planting groove compare, the planting groove 11 of substrate culture implant system 100 is opened in soil surface, and simple in structure, groove body is not required to
With metal smelt, cheap environmental protection can be greatly lowered the manufacture cost of substrate culture implant system 100, simplify and make work
Skill；And support groove body is fixed without increasing the additional structure such as hook, stent, it can further reduce substrate culture implant system
100 cost.In addition, waterproof layer 13 can prevent the nutrient solution poured during long-term cropping from leaking, ensure nutrient solution by abundant profit
With, and planting matrix 14 is isolated with soil, is prevented when using substrate culture implant system 100, nutrient solution penetrates into soil
In, lead to soil eutrophication；Cloth 12 is covered in soil with being layed in the gardening between 11 internal face of waterproof layer 13 and planting groove
Surface can prevent soil surface from bearing weeds and destroy waterproof layer 13, moreover it is possible to keep soil moisture, response green environmental protection is advocated
It leads.
The realization details of the Forecasting Methodology of the crop yield of present embodiment is specifically described below, the following contents
Only for convenience of the realization details of offer is understood, not implement the necessary of this programme.
Specifically, the substrate culture implant system 100 in present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, include successively from bottom to top：Kind
With planting slot 11, gardening cloth 12, waterproof layer 13, drainpipe 15, permeable formation 16, planting matrix 14.It is understood that planting groove 11
Length direction cross section in Fig. 1 direction.
Planting groove 11 can be excavated by excavator or manually in soil surface, and manufacturing process is simple, without metal material
Material, can be greatly lowered cost.Preferably, on the cross section of 11 length direction of planting groove, planting groove 11 is in into V
Shape, for the shape of chinese word Ji planting groove of same widths, the volume of the planting groove 11 of V-arrangement and internal face area smaller are internal
The permeable formation 16 to be filled and the gardening that need to be laid with cloth 12 and waterproof layer 13 it is less, can further reduce substrate culture plantation
The cost of system 100, and the narrow upper width of subordinate in groove body, the internal face convenient for liquid runs down planting groove 11 flow down, and accumulate in slot bottom,
It can make the bottom more easily collecting ponding of the planting groove 11, substrate culture implant system 100 be contributed to discharge extra in planting groove
Nutrient solution.In practical applications, when opening up planting groove 11, the depth of planting groove 11 and the V-arrangement of internal face formation can be adjusted
The angle of angle is to adapt to different demands.
Gardening cloth 12 be layed in the internal face of planting groove 11 and be bonded with the internal face.Gardening cloth 12 be by one kind
Through special anti-ultraviolet radiation treatment, not only wear-resisting but also anti-aging plastic material pass through the membranaceous covered ground that high density braided forms
Object.It is noted that gardening cloth 12 can extend planting groove 11 from the internal face, be covered in other than planting groove 11
Soil surface prevents from bearing weeds on ground and destroys waterproof layer 13, cheap, service life is long, laying is easy, in cost
Production environment can also be beautified while cheap, inhibit the invalid evaporation of soil moisture, and gardening cloth 12 will not destroy soil
Property and structure ensure the use more ecological, environmental protective of substrate culture implant system 100.
Cloth 12 is laid with waterproof layer 13 with being bonded gardening, can be extended outside planting groove 11, can also be provided only on planting groove
To reduce materials in 11；It should ensure that waterproof layer 13 is smooth during laying as possible.Waterproof layer 13 can prevent what is poured during long-term cropping
Nutrient solution is leaked in soil, and accumulation is facilitated to recycle extra nutrient solution, ensures that nutrient solution is fully utilized, and waterproof layer 13 will
Planting matrix 14 is kept apart with soil, and energy soil protection, when avoiding using the substrate culture implant system 100, nutrient solution oozes
Enter to cause in soil soil eutrophication, further realize green planting.It is noted that waterproof layer 13 can be coated in garden
Skill 12 surface of cloth one layer of water-repellent paint or water-stop glue, in the present embodiment, waterproof layer 13 be geomembrane, it is ensured that waterproof
Layer extensibility is stronger, and adaptive deformation ability is high, corrosion-resistant, low temperature resistant, good frost resistance.
Drainpipe 15 is arranged in planting groove 11, and is positioned on waterproof layer 13.As shown in Fig. 2, drainpipe 15 is equipped with
Several first osculums 150 can be that the extra nutrient solution that planting matrix 14 is discharged reserves accumulation space, convenient for the battalion of discharge
Nutrient solution is flowed out along drainpipe 15, facilitates the extra nutrient solution that recycling is discharged to reuse.More preferably, the first osculum 150 has
It is multigroup, every group of first osculum 150 have it is multiple, as shown in figure 3, every group of multiple first osculums 150 with planting groove 11
Spaced set on the vertical cross section of length direction.Such setting can ensure that the nutrition liquid energy discharged in planting matrix 11 is suitable
Profit flows into drainpipe 15 by the first osculum 150, facilitates and collects extra nutrient solution, and the first osculum 150 is in drainpipe 15
Cross section on spaced set, it is ensured that do not need to deliberately adjust the setting angle of drainpipe 15 when placing drainpipe 15, make
The manufacturing process of substrate culture implant system 100 is more simple and convenient.
Permeable formation 16 is pressed on drainpipe 15, and drainpipe 15 can be fixed in planting groove 11, and to be planted after pouring
Phytyl matter 11 discharges extra nutrient solution and reserves accumulation space, avoids the excess moisture in planting matrix 11, and permeable formation 16 can
To filter the extra nutrient solution of the discharge of planting matrix 11, the detritus of doping planting matrix 11 in the nutrient solution of discharge is prevented.This
Outside, the material of permeable formation 16 can be broken porcelain block or stone etc., be easy to liquid since cobblestone is smooth and flowed down along its surface, at this
In embodiment, permeable formation 16 is formed with cobblestone.
Planting matrix 14 is positioned over the top of permeable formation 16, and the bottom including face waterproof layer 13 opposite with the bottom is set
The top put, top offer implantation hole 141, and for planting plants, bottom offers the second osculum 142, will convenient for discharge
Extra nutrient solution.Planting matrix 14 is fixed support crop, keeps moisture and nutrition, provides crop root normal growth and development
The essential condition of environment, without natural soil, generally rock wool, perlite, expanded ceramsite, cystosepiment, wood sawdust, cotton seed hull
Deng since coconut palm chaff matrix structure is uniformly unified, gas permeability and retentiveness are good, cheap and natural environmental-protective, in present embodiment
In, planting matrix 14 is coconut palm chaff item.
More preferably, permeable formation 16 fills up planting groove 11, and the surface of permeable formation 16 is concordant with soil surface, planting matrix 14
In outside planting groove 11, convenient for periodic replacement planting matrix 14, prevent after planting a period of time, root exudates, the root system of crop
Cast or the rotten growth to next crop generate harmful effect, and plantation for a long time is avoided to lead to the physical of planting matrix 14
It is not easy to replace when shape is deteriorated, matrix structure deteriorates.
Second embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of substrate culture implant system 200, and second embodiment is the first implementation
Being further improved for mode, mainly thes improvement is that：In second embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 4, in addition to including
Planting groove 11, gardening in one embodiment except cloth 12, waterproof layer 13, drainpipe 15, permeable formation 16, planting matrix 14,
Further include the irrigation equipment 201 for irrigating nutrient solution to planting groove 11.It is understood that second embodiment of the invention exists
While realizing the technique effect achieved by first embodiment, it is also convenient for providing water and nutrient for plant growth.It is worth one
It is mentioned that, irrigation equipment 201 can be micro-irrigation equipment or drip irrigation equipment, avoid sprinkling irrigation that nutrient solution is caused to penetrate into soil.
Specifically, irrigation equipment 201 includes being used for transmission the irrigation supervisor 21 of nutrient solution, be arranged on irrigation supervisor 21
Branch pipe 22 is irrigated, irrigation 22 one end of branch pipe is connect with irrigation supervisor 21, the other end is extended in implantation hole 141, and energy is arranged such
Nutrient solution is directly precisely input crop root compared with low discharge, avoid wasting, also further nutrient solution can be avoided to penetrate into
Soil.In practical applications, nutrient solution enters crop-planting system 200 by irrigating supervisor 21, is delivered to through irrigating branch pipe 22
Implantation hole 141 is absorbed for crop root, and unabsorbed extra nutrient solution is accumulated in substrate culture kind after the filtering of permeable formation 16
The slot bottom of phytem system 100 discharges crop-planting system 200 from drainpipe 15, and the nutrient solution of discharge can input irrigation master again
In pipe 21, to realize recycling for nutrient solution.In the present embodiment, it can be that intensity is high, erosion-resisting to irrigate supervisor 21
PE (vinyon) is managed or quality is hard, low-cost PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe；Due to being applied when dripping uniform arrow water outlet, installation
Work is convenient, irrigates branch pipe 22 and has selected drop arrow.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above are to realize specific embodiments of the present invention,
And in practical applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of substrate culture implant system, which is characterized in that including：Be opened in the planting groove of soil surface, be layed in it is described
The gardening of the internal face of planting groove cloth, the waterproof layer on cloth and be set on the waterproof layer with being layed in the gardening
Side and the planting matrix for being used for raise crop.
2. substrate culture implant system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：It is filled in the planting groove
Permeable formation interior and above the waterproof layer, the planting matrix are set on the permeable formation.
3. substrate culture implant system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the permeable formation fills up the plantation
Slot, the planting matrix are located at outside the planting groove.
4. substrate culture implant system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include：It is set to the planting groove
Interior drainpipe, the drainpipe are equipped with several first osculums, and the permeable formation is pressed on the drainpipe.
5. substrate culture implant system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the length direction with the antipriming pipe
Multiple first osculums are arranged at intervals on vertical cross section.
6. substrate culture implant system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the length direction with the planting groove
On vertical cross section, the planting groove is V-shaped.
7. substrate culture implant system according to any one of claim 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the planting matrix
Top offer implantation hole, bottom offers the second osculum.
8. substrate culture implant system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that further include：For to the planting groove
Irrigate the irrigation equipment of nutrient solution.
9. substrate culture implant system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the irrigation equipment includes being used for transmission
The irrigation supervisor of nutrient solution is arranged on the irrigation branch pipe irrigated on supervisor, and described irrigation branch pipe one end is led with described irrigate
Pipe connection, the other end are extended in the implantation hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810097153.0A CN108207600A (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Substrate culture implant system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810097153.0A CN108207600A (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Substrate culture implant system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108207600A true CN108207600A (en) | 2018-06-29 |
Family
ID=62670261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810097153.0A Pending CN108207600A (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Substrate culture implant system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108207600A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111801006A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-10-20 | 刘容彰 | Intelligent plant protection and maintenance system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001054329A (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-27 | Tokuno Shubyo Kk | Cultivation device for hydroponics of plant |
| JP2007135449A (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-06-07 | Hotoku Shoji Kk | Method and container for plant hydroponics |
| CN205389639U (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-27 | 深圳润城生态环境科技股份有限公司 | Integrated planting system is banked up with earth with soil to water planting and device thereof |
| CN206052484U (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-03-29 | 白克雯 | A kind of ecological permeable plants terrace |
| JP2017104023A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-15 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Hydroponic members and hydroponic methods |
| CN207151305U (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-03-30 | 钱大江 | A kind of hydraulic engineering ecological protection slope wall |
-
2018
- 2018-01-31 CN CN201810097153.0A patent/CN108207600A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001054329A (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-27 | Tokuno Shubyo Kk | Cultivation device for hydroponics of plant |
| JP2007135449A (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-06-07 | Hotoku Shoji Kk | Method and container for plant hydroponics |
| JP2017104023A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-15 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Hydroponic members and hydroponic methods |
| CN205389639U (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-27 | 深圳润城生态环境科技股份有限公司 | Integrated planting system is banked up with earth with soil to water planting and device thereof |
| CN206052484U (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-03-29 | 白克雯 | A kind of ecological permeable plants terrace |
| CN207151305U (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-03-30 | 钱大江 | A kind of hydraulic engineering ecological protection slope wall |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111801006A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-10-20 | 刘容彰 | Intelligent plant protection and maintenance system |
| CN111801006B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-04-19 | 刘容彰 | Intelligent plant protection and maintenance system |
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Application publication date: 20180629 |