CN108195738B - Internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable gap width - Google Patents
Internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable gap width Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108195738B CN108195738B CN201711403209.2A CN201711403209A CN108195738B CN 108195738 B CN108195738 B CN 108195738B CN 201711403209 A CN201711403209 A CN 201711403209A CN 108195738 B CN108195738 B CN 108195738B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- crack
- pressure
- permeameter
- dimensional
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011086 glassine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable crack width, which consists of a permeameter, a gas-liquid supply control system and a data acquisition and analysis system. The permeameter mainly comprises an upper cover steel plate, a silica gel plate, a toughened glass plate, glass paper attached with a 3D printing rough crack surface and a lower disk steel plate. A water guide channel is formed between the two toughened glass plates attached with the glass paper, the opening degree is adjusted by using a feeler gauge, and the five parts of the permeameter are connected and sealed by using high-strength bolts. The gas-liquid supply part adopts an electric pressure test pump and a high-pressure gas pipe to provide pressure, the control part adopts a valve to adjust the pressure of fluid, the seepage pipeline adopts an oxygen rubber pipe for connection, and each connection is sealed by a combined gasket. The data acquisition and analysis part comprises a pressure sensor, a flowmeter and a paperless recorder, transmits data to the paperless recorder through the pressure sensor and the flowmeter, and completes data acquisition and analysis in a computer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of an internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable crack width.
Background
The existing two-dimensional and three-dimensional fracture seepage devices have certain defects and limitations, which are mainly shown in the following steps: firstly, the two-dimensional fracture seepage device can only simulate a fracture surface with a flat and smooth surface and small friction force, but the fracture surface is rough in practical engineering application and cannot be completely regarded as a two-dimensional smooth plane, so that the two-dimensional fracture seepage device cannot truly simulate the flowing behavior of a mold fluid on the fracture surface; secondly, the flat plate structure of the three-dimensional fracture seepage device is a multipurpose stone plate which can truly simulate a rough fracture surface, and the material cannot realize visualization, is inconvenient to operate and has high manufacturing cost; thirdly, for a common two-dimensional or three-dimensional fracture device, fluid directly enters a permeable fracture after passing through a liquid inlet, and the design method can cause that the fluid cannot be uniformly and completely paved in the whole fracture in the experimental process, so that the pressure data test is inaccurate, and the permeability cannot be accurately measured; and fourthly, for a common two-dimensional or three-dimensional fracture seepage device, the test sample meeting the requirements is difficult to process and prepare, and the opening degree of the sample fracture is difficult to control. In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an internally viewable three-dimensional fracture penetration device with adjustable fracture width.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an internally visible three-dimensional fracture penetration device with adjustable gap width, which consists of a permeameter, a gas-liquid supply control system and a data acquisition and analysis system. The crack permeameter is a main body part of the three-dimensional crack seepage device, and the whole permeameter mainly comprises an upper cover steel plate with 26 bolt holes, a silica gel plate for sealing, a smooth toughened glass plate, glass paper attached with a 3D printing rough crack surface and a lower disk steel plate. A water guide channel is formed between the two toughened glass plates adhered with the glass paper with the 3D printing rough crack surface, and the opening degree can be adjusted by using clearance gauges with different thicknesses according to experimental requirements. Two rectangular plug rule grooves are reserved on the upper side and the lower side of the U-shaped silica gel gasket respectively. The five parts of the permeameter are connected and sealed by high-strength bolts. The gas-liquid supply part adopts a portable electric pressure test pump and a high-pressure gas cylinder to provide fluid pressure in a seepage channel, and the control part adopts a valve, an overflow valve and a pressure reducing valve to adjust the pressure of the test fluid. The seepage pipeline is connected with a valve through a pipe bundle, a joint and an oxygen rubber pipe with the inner diameter of 10mm, and a combined gasket is placed at each joint to play a role in sealing. The data acquisition control part comprises a pressure sensor, a turbine flowmeter, a gas mass flowmeter, an MIK-4000D type paperless recorder and a computer. The pressure and flow data are transmitted to a paperless recorder through a pressure sensor, a turbine flow meter and a gas mass flow meter. And connecting the paperless recorder with a computer, and finishing the acquisition and analysis of pressure and flow data in the computer.
Furthermore, the invention prints the real rock surface scanned by the laser on the transparent glass paper by the 3D printing technology, and then pastes the glass paper on the upper and lower two toughened glass plates to realize the conversion from the two-dimensional smooth plane to the three-dimensional rough crack surface.
Furthermore, the crack production of this permeameter has certain flexibility, can realize the regulation of crack aperture through imbedding the clearance gauge of different thickness in the clearance gauge groove, and the operation is simple and easy.
Particularly, the top surface of the lower disk steel plate of the permeameter is butted by adopting a steel plate and toughened glass, the joint is bonded and sealed by using AB glue, and the operation method comprises the following steps: and (3) fully coating the AB glue at the joint until the AB glue is full, and polishing the glue joint to be flat and smooth by using abrasive paper after the AB glue is dried. In addition, the liquid inlet of the permeameter is not arranged at the end part, but arranged on a steel plate butted with the toughened glass, and the sealing performance of the permeameter is greatly improved by matching with a sealing silica gel plate. A buffer groove is arranged between the liquid inlet and the pressure sensor interface, so that the fluid can uniformly enter the crack. The pressure measuring holes of the pressure sensor are arranged on the steel plate butted with the toughened glass, so that the influence of pressure loss of fluid entering the cracks on pressure measuring precision can be avoided, and the obtained pressure data is more accurate.
Further, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the two-dimensional smooth fracture surface is improved into a three-dimensional fracture through a 3D printing technology, so that the flowing behavior of fluid in the rough fracture can be simulated really; the crack opening of the permeameter has a certain adjustable range, and the crack opening is controlled by using clearance gauges with different thicknesses according to different experimental requirements; the flowing behavior of the fluid in the crack can be observed clearly in real time through the three toughened glass observation windows of the upper cover plate; pressure data acquisition is more accurate through a buffer groove arranged between the liquid inlet and the crack; the leak tightness of the permeameter is improved by the design of the position of the water inlet and the shape of the silica gel plate; by arranging the side pressure points of the pressure sensor, the influence of the pressure loss of the fluid flow on the measurement accuracy is avoided. In addition, the crack penetration device can respectively simulate the flowing behavior of three phases of water, oil and gas in the penetration instrument, can also be combined by any two phases or three phases, can simulate the flowing behavior in the penetration instrument, can test a series of related seepage experiments such as permeability and the like, and can also simulate the reverse-drainage flowing behavior of fracturing fluid in the penetration instrument. The device has the advantages of powerful function, wide application and accurate test result.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable crack width, which includes a penetration meter 1, an observation window 11, a liquid inlet 12, a liquid outlet 13, an upper cover steel plate 14, a gas-liquid supply control system 2, a gate valve 21, an overflow valve 22, a pressure reducing valve 23, a water pump 24, an oil pump 25, a gas tank 26, an oxygen rubber pipe 27, a data acquisition and analysis system 3, a pressure sensor 31, a flow meter 32, a paperless recorder 33 and a computer 34.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional view of an upper cover steel plate, an observation window 11, a high-strength bolt hole 15 and an upper cover steel plate 14.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a lower plate steel plate, a lower plate steel plate 16, a buffer groove 17, an observation window 11, a high-strength bolt hole 15, a liquid inlet 12, a liquid outlet 13, a silica gel gasket 10, a clearance gauge groove 18 and a pressure sensor pressure measuring hole 19.
Fig. 4 is a top-bottom isometric view of the permeameter.
Detailed Description
According to the attached drawings, the invention provides an internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable crack width, which consists of a permeameter 1, a gas-liquid supply control system 2 and a data acquisition and analysis system 3. The three-dimensional fracture seepage device comprises a fracture permeameter 1, an upper cover steel plate 14, a silica gel plate 10, an upper smooth toughened glass plate, a lower smooth toughened glass plate, glass paper and a lower steel plate 16, wherein the upper cover steel plate 14 is provided with 26 high-strength bolt holes 15, the silica gel plate is used for sealing, the glass paper is attached to a 3D printing rough fracture surface, and the lower steel plate 16 is attached to the lower steel plate. A water guide channel is formed between the two toughened glass plates adhered with the glass paper with the 3D printing rough crack surface, and the opening degree can be adjusted by using clearance gauges with different thicknesses according to experimental requirements. Two rectangular plug rule grooves 18 are reserved on the upper side and the lower side of the U-shaped silica gel gasket 10 respectively. The five parts of the permeameter 1 are connected and sealed by high-strength bolts. The gas-liquid supply portion supplies the fluid pressure in the seepage passage using a water pump 24, an oil pump 25, and a gas tank 26, and the control portion adjusts the pressure of the test fluid using a relief valve 22 and a pressure reducing valve 23. The seepage pipeline adopts an oxygen hose 27 with the inner diameter of 10mm, and comprises a pressure sensor 31, a flow meter 32, an MIK-4000D type paperless recorder 33 and a computer 34 through pipes. The pressure and flow data are transmitted to the paperless recorder 33 via the pressure sensor 31, the flow meter 32. The paperless recorder 33 is connected to the computer 34, and the pressure and flow data acquisition and analysis are completed in the computer 34.
Assembly of the set of devices according to the accompanying drawings: a U-shaped silica gel gasket 10 with the thickness 0.2mm larger than that of the feeler gauge is manufactured to enclose an equal-width crack with three sealed surfaces and one open surface between two pieces of toughened glass, and two rectangles are reserved in the silica gel gaskets 10 on the upper side and the lower side respectively to be used as feeler gauge grooves 18 for placing the feeler gauges with different thicknesses to regulate and control the crack opening. And (3) adhering the glassine paper with the 3D printed rough crack surface to the inner surfaces of the upper and lower toughened glass plates, putting the upper toughened glass plate into the groove of the permeameter 1, and pressing the silica gel gasket 10 and the clearance gauge. A water guide channel is formed between the upper tempered glass plate and the lower tempered glass plate and between the silica gel gaskets 10, and the water guide channel is the manufactured three-dimensional crack. The upper cover steel plate 14 is covered on the upper part, and the upper cover steel plate 14 and the lower plate steel plate 16 are sealed and reinforced by 26 high-strength bolts. The permeameter 1 is connected to the gas-liquid supply control system 2 through a pipe, and a pressure sensor 31 is installed. The line pressure is supplied by the water pump 24, the oil pump 25 and the gas tank 26, the flow rate of the liquid in the line is measured by the flow meter 32, and the osmotic pressure difference is measured by the pressure sensor 31.
According to the attached drawings, the use process of the device is to simulate the back-drainage flow behavior of the fracturing fluid, and the fluid pressure is provided by a water pump as an example (the oil pump and the air pump are the same): before the experiment, fracturing fluid and proppant particles were injected into the water conducting channel. After the experiment begins, fluid is pumped out from the water pump 24, the pressure of the fluid is adjusted through the overflow valve 22 according to experiment requirements, the flow passing through is recorded through the flow meter 32, the flow data are synchronously uploaded to the paperless recorder 33, the fluid flows into the liquid inlet 12 through the gate valve 21, the water flows to the buffer groove 17 and then is tiled to the whole three-dimensional crack surface, the initial pressure is recorded through the pressure sensor connected with the pressure measuring hole 19 of the pressure sensor and is synchronously uploaded to the paperless recorder 33, and the gap width is controlled by using feelers of different models according to different experiment requirements. The water flow provides water pressure to simulate the flowing process of the reverse discharge of the fracturing fluid through the fracture and then flows into the drain pipe through the liquid outlet 13. The device is provided with O-shaped rings and combined gaskets at the joints of all pipelines, so that the sealing property of the device is greatly improved. The device is convenient to disassemble and assemble, can be repeatedly used, has powerful functions, wide application and accurate test results, can also be used for function expansion and secondary development, is matched with a video microscope system, and can realize real-time microscopic monitoring of fluid flow in the fracture.
Claims (3)
1. The three-dimensional fracture penetration device with adjustable gap width and visible inside comprises a permeameter, a gas-liquid supply control system and a data acquisition and analysis system; the method is characterized in that: the permeameter is a main body part of the three-dimensional crack permeameter and consists of five parts, namely an upper cover steel plate with 26 high-strength bolt holes, a silica gel plate for sealing, an upper smooth toughened glass plate, a lower smooth toughened glass plate, glass paper attached with a 3D printing rough crack surface and a lower steel plate; a water guide channel is formed between the two toughened glass plates adhered with the glass paper with the 3D printed rough crack surface, and the opening degree can be adjusted by using clearance gauges with different thicknesses according to experimental requirements; the silica gel plate is a U-shaped silica gel gasket, and two rectangular plug ruler grooves are reserved on the upper side and the lower side of the silica gel plate respectively; the five parts of the permeameter are connected and sealed by high-strength bolts; the gas-liquid supply control system adopts a water pump, an oil pump and an air tank to provide fluid pressure in a seepage channel, and the control part uses an overflow valve and a pressure reducing valve to adjust the pressure of test fluid; the seepage pipeline is connected with a valve through a pipe bundle, a joint and an oxygen rubber pipe with the inner diameter of 10mm, and a combined gasket is arranged at each connection part to play a role in sealing; the data acquisition and analysis system comprises a pressure sensor, a flowmeter, an MIK-4000D type paperless recorder and a computer; pressure and flow data are transmitted to an MIK-4000D type paperless recorder through a pressure sensor and a flowmeter; connecting the MIK-4000D type paperless recorder with a computer, and completing the acquisition and analysis of pressure and flow data in the computer;
the permeameter prints the rock crack surface scanned by laser on the glass paper adhered to the upper and lower toughened glass plates by using a 3D printing technology, so that the conversion from a two-dimensional smooth plane to a three-dimensional crack surface is realized, the crack surface of a simulated crack surface is closer to the actual crack in the rock than the crack surface of a common two-dimensional crack device, the whole rock crack system is printed by using less materials, has lower manufacturing cost and is more convenient to operate than the 3D printing, and different three-dimensional crack surfaces can be printed according to different experimental requirements.
2. The internally visible three-dimensional crevice penetration device of claim 1, wherein the crevice width is adjustable by: the preparation of the crack of the permeameter has certain flexibility, and the plug ruler with different thicknesses is embedded in the plug ruler groove, so that the crack opening can be adjusted, and the operation is simple and easy to implement.
3. The internally visible three-dimensional crevice penetration device of claim 1, wherein the crevice width is adjustable by: the top surface of a lower plate steel plate of the permeameter is butted with a toughened glass plate by adopting a steel plate, the joint is bonded and sealed by using AB glue, the AB glue is fully coated at the joint till the AB glue overflows, and after the AB glue is dried, a glue seam is polished to be flat and smooth by using abrasive paper; the liquid inlet of the permeameter is arranged on a steel plate butted with the toughened glass plate, and the sealing performance of the permeameter is improved by matching with the sealing silica gel plate; a buffer groove is arranged between the liquid inlet and the pressure measuring hole of the pressure sensor, so that the fluid can uniformly enter the crack; the pressure measuring holes of the pressure sensor are arranged on the steel plate butted with the toughened glass plate, so that the influence of pressure loss of fluid entering the cracks on pressure measuring precision can be avoided, and the obtained pressure data is more accurate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711403209.2A CN108195738B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable gap width |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711403209.2A CN108195738B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable gap width |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108195738A CN108195738A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN108195738B true CN108195738B (en) | 2021-02-19 |
Family
ID=62583681
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711403209.2A Active CN108195738B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable gap width |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108195738B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110879287A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-13 | 天津大学 | Hull-Shore sheet testing apparatus with adjustable plate spacing |
| CN111504872B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-02-19 | 武汉大学 | Variable-opening detachable simulated crack test device and test method |
| CN111638169A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system and method |
| CN111811995B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-04-15 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual test method and system for simulating coarse single-cross fracture multiphase seepage |
| CN113340785B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-23 | 鲁东大学 | Multifunctional visual cylindrical surface crack penetration device and use method thereof |
| CN113533157B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2022-08-23 | 浙江大学 | Variable-opening detachable fracture device for visual experiment |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102809528B (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-02-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Three-phase relative permeability testing system based on CT (computed tomography) scanning |
| CN103940719B (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-12-02 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of coal body Penetration Signature test macro and method |
| CN107167409A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-15 | 四川大学 | 3D printing point shape Single Fracture seepage flow experiment system and experimental method under Multiple experiments operating mode coupling |
-
2017
- 2017-12-22 CN CN201711403209.2A patent/CN108195738B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108195738A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108195738B (en) | Internally visible three-dimensional crack penetration device with adjustable gap width | |
| CN107782628B (en) | Direct shear-seepage test device and test method for single-crack rock test piece | |
| CN109342275B (en) | Visual crack grouting test device and method for simulating multiple main control variables | |
| CN102174883B (en) | Method for testing flow conductivity of clear water fracturing self-supported crack | |
| CN103558136A (en) | System and method for testing rock damage and permeability under coupling effect of temperature stress and circumferential seepage | |
| CN105866000A (en) | Seepage testing apparatus and method for rock with single fracture | |
| CN106437697B (en) | Visual model for simulating five-point well pattern microscopic etching and use method thereof | |
| CN104075854A (en) | Shield segment joint anti-penetrability performance test device | |
| CN106351622B (en) | A kind of microcosmic visual virtual design clip-model of high temperature and its application method | |
| CN111693440B (en) | High-simulation rock fracture seepage test method | |
| CN110056335B (en) | Triaxial multi-crack hydraulic fracturing experimental device and experimental method | |
| CN105806712B (en) | Hole internal water pressure test device and test macro | |
| CN107831106B (en) | Intelligent permeability measurement test bed | |
| CN106401542B (en) | A kind of microcosmic etching visualization clip-model of circulator bath high temperature and its application method | |
| CN111855527A (en) | Damaged concrete gas permeability detection device and method | |
| CN109444024B (en) | Experimental device for simulation ground even wall slot section seam crossing crack seepage detection | |
| CN107907464B (en) | Device and method for measuring performance of permeable stone cement slurry for fracturing | |
| CN204705570U (en) | The permeability experimental provision that a kind of automatic pressure detects | |
| CN109282783A (en) | A kind of concrete carbonization depth original position damage-free measuring apparatus and method | |
| CN103219053A (en) | Adjustable test section apparatus for simulating pipeline leakage in nuclear power station pipeline leakage rate test | |
| CN206158701U (en) | Visual centre gripping model of circulator bath high temperature microcosmic sculpture | |
| CN110231248A (en) | A kind of experimental provision and working method measuring fluid frictional resistance | |
| CN114324104B (en) | Cement concrete coefficient of permeability test experimental apparatus | |
| CN203949766U (en) | Shield duct piece joint anti-permeability performance test unit | |
| CN104155428A (en) | Polluted soil shear penetration test device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |