CN115399342B - Guava rooting agent and guava cutting seedling method - Google Patents
Guava rooting agent and guava cutting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a guava rooting agent, a preparation method and a guava cutting seedling method, wherein the preparation method of the guava rooting agent comprises the following steps: collecting tender tips of guava, mashing the tender tips with a mortar, adding distilled water according to the proportion of adding 15-25 ml of water into 1g of tender tips, filtering the mixture with gauze, and taking filtrate as a rooting agent. The guava cutting seedling method comprises 1) matrix preparation; 2) Preparing cutting branches; 3) Preparing rooting agent and rooting slurry; 4) Cutting; 5) And managing after cutting. The rooting agent has low cost and survival rate of over 80 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a rooting agent for guava and a cutting seedling method for guava.
Background
Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) also known as guava, is a tropical evergreen tree of guava genus of Myrtaceae family, and can bloom and fruit many times a year. The common guava varieties in the current market are as follows: light fragrance hard fruit type 'pearl', 'watermelon' and 'ruby', etc.; strong aroma soft fruit type 'carmine' and 'red aroma No. 1'. The guava fruit has rich nutrition and unique flavor, has certain health care effects, and the nutrient substances comprise vitamin A, vitamin C, amino acid, iron, calcium and the like, and have the effects of resisting oxidation, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood pressure and the like.
The propagation method of guava seedlings comprises the following steps: sowing, layering, cutting and grafting. The seeding and seedling raising period is long, the possibility of occurrence of character separation of offspring is high, the inheritance of excellent characters of parents is not facilitated, and the seeding and seedling raising is generally not adopted except for the selection of new varieties and the cultivation of grafting stocks. The excellent characters of the inherited parents can be stabilized by layering, cutting and grafting seedling. Grafting seedling is affected by various factors such as affinities of different varieties of stocks and scions, grafting technology, climate conditions and the like, the grafting survival rate is unstable, the seedling period is long, and the grafting seedling cultivation cost is high. The layering and cutting seedling raising belong to asexual propagation, can keep parent characters and is beneficial to stable inheritance of excellent characters. The utilization of the layering seedling raising branches is low, the operation is inconvenient, and the large-scale production is difficult to realize. The cutting seedling has the advantages of high branch utilization rate, convenient operation, short seedling period, large-scale production and the like, and is the optimal method for cultivating guava seedlings. The main factor restricting guava cutting seedling at present is that the cutting branches are not easy to root or germinate, so that the cutting survival rate is low, for example Guo Zhenyue et al (CN 112120041A) successfully cultivate the 'pearl' guava cutting seedlings by using a rooting agent (NAA 300-340 mg/L+IBA 100-140 mg/L+8-12 ml/L of ammonia water), and the survival rate is 60.77% -66.57%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a preparation method of guava rooting agent, which comprises the following steps: collecting tender tips of guava, mashing the tender tips with a mortar, adding distilled water according to the proportion of adding 15-25 ml of water into 1g of tender tips, filtering the mixture with gauze, and taking filtrate as a rooting agent.
Further, the length of the tender tip of the guava is 6-10 cm.
Further, the tender tips of guava are obtained from semi-lignified young tips of guava fruiting trees grown for 2-3 years and being strong.
Further, the soaking time of distilled water and smashed tender tips is 15-30 min.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a guava rooting agent, which is prepared according to the aforementioned preparation method.
The invention also aims at providing a using method of the guava rooting agent, which comprises the steps of preparing rooting slurry according to the proportion of 150-200 g of yellow core soil mixed with each 100ml of the rooting agent, dipping the root parts of the cutting branches into the rooting slurry, and then cutting.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings of guava by cutting, comprising the steps of:
1) Preparing a substrate: according to the volume ratio, the yellow core soil: vermiculite = 2-3: 2 or turf: yellow core soil: vermiculite = 2-3: 1:1 preparing a cutting matrix, soaking and sterilizing the cutting matrix by using 0.4 to 0.6 percent potassium permanganate solution, and then filling the cutting matrix into seedling trays for later use;
2) Preparing cutting branches: cutting the half lignified new shoots of guava fruiting trees growing robustly for 2-3 years, cutting off soft tender shoots at the top for later use, taking each two sections of the rest half lignified new shoots containing 3 pairs of blades as a cutting branch, horizontally cutting the upper part of the cutting branch, beveling the base part by 30-45 degrees, cutting off two pairs of blades at the base part, and reserving a pair of blades at the top; immersing the cutting branch into 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times solution for 4-6 min, taking out the cutting branch, washing with distilled water, and drying in the shade for standby;
3) Preparing rooting agent and rooting slurry: collecting the tender tips at the top end cut in the step 2), mashing the tender tips by using a mortar, adding distilled water into the tender tips according to the proportion of 1g of the tender tips to 15-25 ml of water, filtering the mixture by using gauze, and taking filtrate as a rooting agent. Preparing rooting slurry according to the proportion of 150 g-200 g yellow core soil mixed with every 100ml rooting agent;
4) Cutting: punching holes on the plug substrate prepared in the step 1) by chopsticks before cutting, dipping the base of a cutting branch into the rooting slurry prepared in the step 3), inserting the cutting branch into holes of the plug substrate, lightly compacting the substrate, and then watering thoroughly;
5) And (3) post-cutting management:
(1) Placing the seedling raising tray into a steel frame temperature control greenhouse after cutting, and building a small arch greenhouse above the seedling raising tray to cover a plastic film for moisture preservation;
(2) The small arch shed is covered with a plastic film for moisture preservation within 14 days after cutting, the humidity in the shed is maintained to be above 90%, and the temperature is controlled to be within the range of 18-30 ℃;
(3) And (3) after 15-49 days of cutting, opening plastic films at two ends of the small arch shed for ventilation, and maintaining the humidity in the shed at 80-85%. The temperature is controlled within the range of 16-35 ℃; spraying water once every 5-7 days, and maintaining the water content of the matrix at 65% -75%; spraying MS nutrient solution and bactericide once every 14 days, wherein the bactericide is formed by alternately using 70% of thiophanate methyl and 75% of chlorothalonil 1000 times;
(4) And (5) opening a small arch shed plastic film after cutting for 50 days, and managing according to the conventional method.
Further, the cuttage time is 4-10 months per year.
Further, the plug specification: 60 cm. Times.30 cm. Times.7 cm,15 wells/tray.
Further, in the step 4), the length of the base part of the cutting branch dipped with the rooting slurry is 4-6 cm.
The invention has the following advantages:
Aiming at the problem that the cutting survival rate of guava cutting branches is low because the cutting branches are not easy to root or germinate, the method provided by the invention utilizes the endogenous hormone of guava as a rooting agent to promote the rooting and germination of the cutting branches, so that the cutting survival rate of the guava cutting branches is effectively improved, the facility is simple, the operation is convenient, and various commercial hormones are not required to be purchased as rooting agents, thereby being capable of cultivating high-quality seedlings of guava in a low cost and large scale manner.
(1) According to the invention, the guava tender shoot extracting solution is used as the guava cutting rooting agent for the first time, so that the production cost is reduced, and the cutting survival rate is improved.
(2) The rooting agent and the yellow core soil are stirred into slurry, the base of the cutting branch is dipped in the slurry and then is directly cut, and compared with the conventional rooting agent solution soaked in the base of the cutting branch, the rooting agent solution shortens the cutting time and improves the cutting survival rate.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a semi-lignified pin.
Fig. 2 shows a young shoot.
Fig. 3 is a cutting shoot.
FIG. 4 shows the cutting seedlings after 50 days of cutting in example 1.
Fig. 5 shows the cutting seedlings after 50 days of cutting in example 2.
FIG. 6 is the effect of the test group of example 1;
FIG. 7 shows the effect of the test group of example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The implementation time is as follows: 2022, 4, 8, 5, 28.
Test site: the test is carried out in a steel frame temperature control greenhouse of Zhangzhou agricultural science institute.
Test materials: semi-lignified young shoots of 2-year old 'pearl' guava fruit trees.
And (3) test design: the guava tender tip extract (50 g/L) is used as test treatment, distilled water and NAA 400mg/L+IBA 100mg/L are used as control (Table 1), and yellow core soil and vermiculite (volume ratio 3:2) are used as matrix.
TABLE 1 experimental design of example 1
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing a substrate: yellow core soil and vermiculite according to 3:2 volume ratio, soaking and sterilizing with 0.5% potassium permanganate 1 day before cutting, and loading into tray (60 cm×30cm×7cm,15 holes/tray) for use.
(2) Preparing cutting branches: cutting the half lignified new shoots of the 2-year-old ' pearl ' guava, which grow well as soft tops for later use, taking every two sections (containing 3 pairs of blades) of the rest half lignified new shoots as a cutting branch, horizontally cutting the upper part of the cutting branch, beveling the base part by 30-45 degrees, cutting the two pairs of blades at the base part, and reserving the pair of blades at the tops. Soaking the cutting branch in 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl solution for 5min, taking out the cutting branch, washing with distilled water, and drying in the shade for use.
(3) Preparing rooting agent and rooting slurry: taking distilled water as rooting agent in the control group 1; the rooting agent is prepared according to the ratio of NAA 400mg/L and IBA100mg/L in the control group 2; test group 1 the tips (about 8cm long) of the shoots cut in step 2 were collected, crushed in a mortar, distilled water was added in a proportion of 1g of shoots to 20ml of water, and the filtrate was used as a rooting agent after filtration with gauze. The rooting agents are mixed with 175g of yellow core soil according to the proportion of 100ml of rooting agent to prepare rooting slurry.
(4) Cutting: punching the plug matrix prepared in the step 1 by chopsticks before cutting, dipping the base part (about 5cm in length) of a cutting branch into rooting slurry prepared in the step 3, inserting the cutting branch into small holes of the plug matrix, lightly compacting the matrix, and then watering thoroughly. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, 60 cuttings each.
(5) And (3) post-cutting management:
a. placing the seedling raising tray into a steel frame temperature control greenhouse after cutting, and building a small arch greenhouse above the seedling raising tray to cover a plastic film for moisture preservation;
b. the small arch shed is covered with a plastic film for moisture preservation within 14 days after cuttage, the humidity in the small arch shed is maintained to be above 90%, and the temperature is controlled to be within the range of 18-30 ℃;
c. 15-49 days after cutting, opening plastic films at two ends of a small arch shed for ventilation, and controlling the humidity in the small arch shed to be about 80% and the temperature to be within the range of 16-35 ℃; spraying water once every 7-10 days, and maintaining the water content of the matrix at about 70%; MS nutrient solution and bactericide (70% thiophanate methyl and 75% chlorothalonil are alternately used 1000 times) are sprayed every 14 days.
(6) And (5) counting the cutting survival rate, the shoot extraction number, the shoot length, the shoot fresh weight, the rooting rate, the rooting number, the root length and the root fresh weight after 50 days of cutting.
Survival rate = number of surviving branches/total number of cutting branches x 100%
Rooting rate = number of rooting branches/total number of cutting branches x 100%
Tip extraction rate = number of new-extracted tip branches/total number of cuttage branches x 100%
Example 2
The implementation time is as follows: 2022, 5-6 and 24 days.
Test site: the test is carried out in a steel frame temperature control greenhouse of Zhangzhou agricultural science institute.
Test materials: semi-lignified young shoots of 2-year-old ' red-aroma No. 1 ' guava fruit trees.
And (3) test design: the guava tender tip extract (50 g/L) is used as test treatment, distilled water and ABT (trypan) 200 times solution are used as comparison (Table 2), and turf, yellow core soil and vermiculite (volume ratio 3:1:1) are used as matrix.
TABLE 2 experimental design of example 2
The specific procedure is as in example 1.
Test results
And (3) comprehensive index results display: the survival rate, the rooting rate and the tip extraction rate of the cutting branches using the guava tender tip extracting solution as the rooting agent are higher than those of the cutting branches using the plant hormone as the rooting agent, and the growth vigor of the cutting seedlings is better, so that the guava tender tip extracting solution is suitable to be used as the rooting agent for guava cutting.
(1) Cutting survival rate
After 50 days of cuttage, various indexes are counted, and the result shows that: the survival rate of the cutting branches taking distilled water as a rooting agent (a control group 1 and a control group 3) is 0, the survival rate of the cutting branches taking guava tender shoot extracting solution as the rooting agent (a test group 1 and a test group 2) is more than 80%, the survival rate of the cutting branches taking conventional plant hormone as the rooting agent (a control group 2 and a control group 4) is improved by more than 10%, and the data are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 example 1 statistics of cutting survival for each treatment
Table 4 example 2 statistics of cutting survival for each treatment
(2) Growth of young shoots
Analyzing the extraction and light-emitting conditions of the treated young shoots, and displaying the results: the test group (test group 1 and test group 2) had a higher shoot extraction rate than the control group (control group 2 and control group 4) and the new shoots grew stronger than the control group, wherein the test group 1 had a shoot extraction rate 9.4% higher than the control group 2 and the test group 2 had a shoot extraction rate 18.1% higher than the control group 4; the average tip length and average tip weight of test group 1 were 2.05 times and 2.54 times, respectively, that of control group 2, and test group 2 was 1.45 times and 1.79 times that of control group 4, and the data are shown in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5 example 1 treatment of young shoot growth
TABLE 6 example 2 treatment of young shoot growth
(3) Root growth condition
Analyzing the growth condition of each treatment root system, and displaying the result: the rooting rate of the test groups (test group 1 and test group 2) was 10% or more higher than that of the control groups (control group 2 and control group 4), but the test groups were not significantly different from the control groups in root growth, and the data are shown in tables 7 and 8.
TABLE 7 example 1 treatment of root growth conditions
Table 8 example 2 individual treatments for root growth
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of guava rooting agent comprises the following steps: collecting tender tips of guava, mashing the tender tips with a mortar, adding distilled water according to the proportion of adding 15-25 ml water into 1g of tender tips, filtering the mixture with gauze, and taking filtrate as a rooting agent; the tender tips of guava are obtained by cutting off tender tips with soft top ends from semi-lignified new tips which grow robustly from 2-3 years old guava fruiting trees; the length of the tender tip of the guava is 6-10 cm; the soaking time of distilled water and smashed tender tips is 15-30 min.
2. The guava rooting agent is prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1.
3. The method for using guava rooting agent according to claim 2, wherein the rooting slurry is prepared by adding 150 g-200 g yellow core soil per 100 ml rooting agents, and then cutting is carried out after the rooting slurry is fully dipped on the base of the cutting branch.
4. The guava cutting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a substrate: according to the volume ratio, the yellow core soil: vermiculite = 2-3: 2 or turf: yellow core soil: vermiculite = 2-3: 1:1 preparing a cutting matrix, soaking and sterilizing the cutting matrix by using 0.4 to 0.6 percent potassium permanganate solution, and then filling the cutting matrix into seedling trays for later use;
2) Preparing cutting branches: cutting the half lignified new shoots of guava fruiting trees growing robustly for 2-3 years, cutting off soft tender shoots at the top for later use, taking each two sections of the rest half lignified new shoots containing 3 pairs of blades as a cutting branch, horizontally cutting the upper part of the cutting branch, beveling the base part by 30-45 degrees, cutting off two pairs of blades at the base part, and reserving a pair of blades at the top; immersing the cutting branch into 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times solution for 4-6 min, taking out the cutting branch, washing with distilled water, and drying in the shade for standby;
3) Preparing rooting agent and rooting slurry: collecting the tender tips at the top end cut in the step 2), wherein the length of the tender tips is 6-10 cm, mashing the tender tips by using a mortar, adding distilled water according to the proportion of 1g of tender tips to 15-25 ml water, filtering the tender tips by using gauze, and taking filtrate as a rooting agent; preparing rooting slurry according to the proportion of 150 g-200 g yellow core soil mixed with each 100 ml rooting agent;
4) Cutting: punching holes on the plug substrate prepared in the step 1) by chopsticks before cutting, dipping the base of a cutting branch into the rooting slurry prepared in the step 3), inserting the base of the cutting branch into holes of the plug substrate, lightly compacting the substrate, and then watering thoroughly;
5) And (3) post-cutting management:
(1) Placing the seedling raising tray into a steel frame temperature control greenhouse after cutting, and building a small arch greenhouse above the seedling raising tray to cover a plastic film for moisture preservation;
(2) The small arch shed is covered with a plastic film for moisture preservation within 14 days after cutting, the humidity in the shed is maintained to be above 90%, and the temperature is controlled to be within the range of 18-30 ℃;
(3) 15-49 days after cutting, opening plastic films at two ends of a small arch shed for ventilation, and maintaining the humidity in the shed at 80-85%; the temperature is controlled within the range of 16-35 ℃; spraying water once every 5-7 days, and maintaining the water content of the matrix at 65% -75%; spraying MS nutrient solution and bactericide once every 14 days, wherein the bactericide is formed by alternately using 70% of thiophanate methyl and 75% of chlorothalonil 1000 times;
(4) And (5) opening a small arch shed plastic film after cutting for 50 days, and managing according to the conventional method.
5. The guava cutting seedling method according to claim 4, wherein: the cuttage time is 4-10 months per year.
6. The guava cutting seedling method according to claim 4, wherein: plug specification: 60 cm×30 cm ×7: 7 cm, 15 wells/tray.
7. The guava cutting seedling method according to claim 4, wherein: in the step 4), the length of the base part of the cutting branch dipped with rooting slurry is 4-6 cm.
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