CN108155355A

CN108155355A - There are the anode active material particles of SEI layers of synthesis by active free radical polymerization

Info

Publication number: CN108155355A
Application number: CN201711249440.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A.贡泽尔; W.艾歇勒
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2016-12-02
Filing date: 2017-12-01
Publication date: 2018-06-12
Also published as: KR20180063853A; DE102016224021A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to the anode active material particles by active free radical polymerization with SEI layers of synthesis.In particular it relates to the active material of positive electrode and/or anode of lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, especially lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles（100）Preparation method and/or the preparation method of this lithium battery and/or lithium battery group.In order to improve the cyclical stability of lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, make anode active material particles in the method（1）, especially silicon particle and at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Mixing, wherein at least one polymerisable monomer（2）It can be polymerize and at least one polymerisable monomer by active free radical polymerization（2）Active free radical polymerization by least one for causing the polymerization initiator of active free radical polymerization（3）And cause.In addition, the present invention relates to active material of positive electrode, anodes（100）And lithium battery and/or lithium battery group.

Description

There are the anode active material particles of SEI layers of synthesis by active free radical polymerization

Technical field

The present invention relates to lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, the especially anode of lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles is lived Property material and/or anode preparation method and/or the preparation method and anode of this lithium battery and/or lithium battery group activity Material and anode and this lithium battery and/or lithium battery group.

Background technology

Active material of positive electrode currently used for lithium ion battery and-battery pack is mainly graphite.But graphite only has very little Memory capacity.

Silicon can provide notable higher memory capacity as lithium ion battery and the active material of positive electrode of-battery pack.So And in cycle violent volume change occurs for silicon, this leads to the SEI layers formed on a silicon surface by electrolyte decomposition products （SEI, English：Solid Electrolyte Interphase；Solid electrolyte interface）It may be torn when silicon volume increases Peeled off with when silicon volume reduces, so as to each cycle so that electrolyte contacted again with silicon face and SEI formation and Electrolyte, which decomposes, constantly to carry out, this leads to lithium（And electrolyte）Irreversible loss and therefore significantly reduce cyclical stability and Capacity.

2014/0248543 A1 of document US are related to the nanostructured silicon active material for Li-ion batteries piles.

2014/0248543 A1 of document US are related to the Li-ion batteries piles with anode and electrolyte, and wherein the anode has There is at least one active material and the electrolyte includes at least one liquid polymers solvent and at least one polymer adds Agent.

2015/0072246 A1 of document US are related to the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte for battery pack, and can include can gather Monomer is closed as additive.

2010/0273066 A1 of document US describe a kind of lithium-air-battery pack, have based on the non-of organic solvent Aqueous electrolyte, the electrolyte include lithium salts and the additive with alkylidene.

2012/0007028 A1 of document US are related to a kind of method for preparing polymer-silicon-composite material granular, wherein will It is used to form the monomer of polymer substrate and silicon particle mixes and polymerize the mixture.

Document CN 104 362 300 is related to a kind of method for the silico-carbo-composite anode materials for preparing Li-ion batteries piles.

2014/0342222 A1 of document US are related to the particle with silicon core and block-copolymer shell, one of block With compatibility relatively high to silicon and a block with the compatibility relatively low to silicon.

H. Zhao etc. describes the carbonic acid Asia of polymerization in J. Power Sources, 263,2014,288-295 pages Purposes of the vinyl acetate as anode binder in Li-ion batteries piles.

J.-H. Min etc. is in Bull. Korean. Chem. Soc., volume 2013,34, number 4., 1296-1299 The SEI that synthesis is formed on silicon particle is described in page.

Document WO 2015/107581 is related to the battery anode material with non-aqueous electrolyte.

Invention content

Subject of the present invention is the sun of lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, especially lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles The preparation method and/or lithium battery of pole active material and/or anode and/or the preparation method of lithium battery group, particularly lithium ion The preparation method of battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles.

In the method, by anode active material particles, especially silicon particle and at least one polymerisable monomer mixes, Described at least one polymerisable monomer can be polymerize by active free radical polymerization, and by for cause it is active freely At least one polymerization initiator of base polymerization and cause the active free radical polymerization of at least one polymerisable monomer（It is in situ poly- It closes (in-situ-Polymerisation)）.

Anode active material particles are particular it is understood that particle to include at least one active material of positive electrode.

The anode active material particles, such as can include or silicon particle and/or graphite particle and/or tin particles.

Silicon particle is particular it is understood that for the particle comprising silicon.For example, silicon particle can be understood as containing silicon Grain.Therefore, silicon particle is especially it can be appreciated that based particles.For example, silicon particle can especially include pure or simple substance silicon, Such as porous silicon, such as nano-structure porous silicon, such as with the pore size and/or nano-silicon in nanometer range, for example, with Particle size and/or silicon-alloy substrate or silicon-alloy in nanometer range, such as wherein silicon insertion are active and/or nonactive Matrix in and/or silico-carbo composite material and/or silica（SiOx）Or it is formed by it.For example, the silicon particle can be by Particularly pure or simple substance silicon is formed.

Graphite particle is particular it is understood that for the particle comprising graphite.

Tin particles are particular it is understood that for the particle comprising tin.

Particularly, the anode active material particles can include either silicon particle.

The active free radical polymerization is based on following principle, i.e., in the active material of relatively small amount（Promote oneself of growth By base）Dynamic balance is generated between a large amount of deactivating materials.This can realize especially through free radical buffer, wherein Free radical buffer can be captured in the form of deactivating materials and discharge active material again（That is free radical）.Therefore, particularly exist At least one free radical buffer can be used in polymerization.Therefore, this can greatly inhibit irreversible chain transfer reaction and chain Reaction is terminated, these reactions may especially cause quantity of active material reduction and molecular weight distribution to broaden.The living radical Polymerization is especially referred to as active free radical polymerization（LFRP；English：Living Free Radical Polymerization）Or control（It is free）Free radical polymerization（CFRP；English：Controlled Free Radical Polymerization）Or the active free radical polymerization of control.

The example of active free radical polymerization is atom transfer active free radical polymerization（ATRP, English：Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization or Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization）, such as using passing through Electronics shifts regenerated activator（ARGET-ATRP）（ARGET, English：Activators regenerated by electron transfer）, reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization（RAFT, English：Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization）, stable free radical polymerization（SFRP, English：Stable Free Radical Polymerization）, the particularly polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation（NMP, English：Nitroxide- mediated Polymerization）And/or the polymerization of Verdazyl- mediations（VMP, English：Verdazyl-mediated Polymerization）And iodine transfer polymerization（ITP, English：Iodine-Transfer Polymerization）.

Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution or low polydispersity can be advantageously carried out by active free radical polymerization（Molecular weight distribution Width）And/or improved polymer chain length control, and for example it is achieved in uniform polymer coating.Here, the molecule Amount distribution and/or polymer layer of thickness can be with, such as according to chemical concentration, such as monomer concentration and/or reaction time and/or temperature Degree is adjusted.

It can advantageously and targetedly cause polymerization herein, and cause by least one polymerization initiator Anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle advantageously and are targetedly disposed with, and are particularly coated with by described poly- Close the polymer formed.For example, by vinylene carbonate（VC）And/or vinylethylene carbonate（VEC）And/or maleic anhydride And/or this in-situ polymerization of its derivative, it can be advantageous to by passing through on anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle The polymer that the polymerization is formed, such as polymerized thylene carbonate vinyl acetate（PVCa）And/or poly- vinylethylene carbonate（PVEC）And/or Polymaleic anhydride forms SEI layers of the synthesis of uniform flexible polymer protective layer form.

By SEI layers of the synthesis in the form of uniform flexible polymer protective layer, can advantageously inhibit to be electrolysed in this way Matter is decomposed and continuous SEI is formed, because of uniformly flexible polymer protective layer adjoint anode activity occurred in cyclic process In the case of the volume change of material granule, particularly silicon particle, for example, can with plastic elongation and/or compression, and herein not by It destroys, is thus passivated the anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle, and avoid that anode active material particles occur It is reacted with electrolyte on the surface on surface, particularly silicon particle.Therefore, it and then can advantageously improve equipped with anode activity material The lithium battery of material and/or-battery pack, such as lithium ion battery and/or the cyclical stability of-battery pack（English：Coulombic Efficiency）.

In short, the active material of positive electrode with increased cyclical stability and memory capacity can be advantageously provided in this way, Such as it can especially increase the reach of electric vehicle using it.

For example, the polymerisation of at least one polymerisable monomer can be gathered by adding in for causing living radical At least one polymerization initiator of conjunction and cause.

In one embodiment, it is described polymerization be atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP) and/or it is described extremely A kind of few polymerisable monomer can be polymerize and/or described at least one by atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP) Kind polymerization initiator sets to cause atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP- initiators).In this case, institute Alkyl halide can especially be included or be formed by it by stating at least one polymerization initiator.For example, at least one polymerization is drawn Hair agent can include or isobutyl bromide methyl esters and/or benzyl bromide and/or acetic-alpha-brominated phenyl ester.At least one Polymerization initiator can especially use herein at least one catalyst combination.At least one catalyst herein especially can be with Including transition metal halide, particularly copper halide, such as copper chloride and/or copper bromide, such as copper bromide（I）And optional At least one ligand, for example, at least a kind of, particularly multiple tooth, nitrogen ligand（N-type ligand, English：N-type ligand）, example Such as at least one amine, such as three [2-（Dimethylamino）Ethyl] amine（Me6tren）And/or three（2- pyridylmethyls）Amine（TPMA） And/or 2,2'- bipyridyls and/or N, N, N', N'', N''- five methyl diethylentriamine（PMDETA）And/or 1,1,4,7, 10,10- hexamethyl triens（HMTETA）Or it is formed by it.For example, at least one catalyst can be transition Metal complex, particularly transition metal-nitrogen-complex.The free radical buffer or the deactivating materials herein can be special It is not to be formed by the alkyl halide, the catalyst or complex and the monomer.By atom transfer activity freely Base polymerization can be advantageously carried out Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution or low polydispersity（The width of molecular weight distribution）And/or improved polymerization Object chain length controls, and is for example achieved in uniform polymer coating.

In another embodiment, at least one polymerization initiator includes at least one radical initiator.It is special Not, at least one polymerization initiator can be radical initiator.For example, at least one polymerization initiator, special It is not that radical initiator can include or azo isobutyronitrile, such as azo is double（Isobutyronitrile）（AIBN）And/or benzoyl peroxide Formyl, such as dibenzoyl peroxide（BPO）.

In another embodiment, the polymerization is stable free radical polymerization（SFRP）, such as nitrogen oxides mediation Polymerization（NMP）And/or the polymerization of Verdazyl- mediations（VMP）, the particularly polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation（NMP）And/or institute It states at least one polymerisable monomer and passes through stable free radical polymerization（SFRP）, such as the polymerization mediated by nitrogen oxides（NMP） And/or the polymerization of Verdazyl- mediations（VMP）, especially by the polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation（NMP）And can polymerize and/ Or at least one polymerization initiator sets to cause stable free radical polymerization (SFRP- initiators), such as causing The polymerization (NMP- initiators) of nitrogen oxides mediation and/or the polymerization (VMP- initiators) for causing Verdazyl- mediations, Particularly it is used to cause the polymerization (NMP- initiators) of nitrogen oxides mediation.In this case, at least one polymerization is drawn Hair agent especially can be radical initiator, such as azo isobutyronitrile, such as azo is double（Isobutyronitrile）(AIBN) and/or peroxide Change benzoyl, such as dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO).At least one polymerization initiator herein especially can be at least one Kind of polymerization control agent is applied in combination, which is used in particular for stable free radical polymerization (SFRP- mediators), such as The polymerization (NMP- mediators) of nitrogen oxides mediation, the mediator of for example, at least a kind of nitrogen oxides base and/or for Verdazyl- The polymerization (VMP- mediators) of mediation, for example, at least a kind of mediator of Verdazyl bases.

The mediator of at least one polymerization control agent, the NMP- mediators or at least one nitrogen oxides base, Can for example it include or especially straight chain or cricoid nitrogen oxides.The mediator or described of at least one nitrogen oxides base Nitrogen oxides can be for example based on 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-piperidyl oxygroups（TEMPO）：

Or its sacrificial initiator（Opferinitiator）, such as：

And/or based on 2,2,5- trimethyl -4- phenyl -3- aza-hexane -3- oxygroups (TIPNO)：

Or its sacrificial initiator, such as：

And/or based on N- tert-butyl-n -s [1- diethyl phosphonyls-(2-2- dimethyl Propyl) nitrogen oxides] (SG1*)：

Or its sacrificial initiator.The free radical buffer or deactivating materials are special herein It can be formed with the reacting for stabilized radical of the mediator based on nitrogen oxides base by active material, i.e. free radical.Pass through The polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation can be advantageously carried out Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution or low polydispersity（The width of molecular weight distribution）With/ Or improved polymer chain length control, and for example it is achieved in uniform polymer coating.

In another embodiment, the polymerization is reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT) and/or institute At least one polymerisable monomer is stated by reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT) can polymerize and/or described At least one polymerization initiator especially sets to cause reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- initiators). In this case, at least one polymerization initiator especially can be radical initiator, such as azo isobutyronitrile, such as occasionally Nitrogen is double（Isobutyronitrile）, such as dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) (AIBN) and/or benzoyl peroxide.At least one polymerization Initiator herein especially can at least one polymerization control agent, particularly for reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- reagents), for example, at least one thio-compounds, be applied in combination.At least one polymerization control agent, it is described RAFT- reagents or at least one thio-compounds, such as can be that trithiocarbonate or dithioesters or two are thio Carbamate or xanthate.The free radical buffer or deactivating materials herein especially can by active material, i.e., from By base, formed with reacting for thio-compounds.Narrow point can be advantageously carried out by reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization The distribution of son amount or low polydispersity（The width of molecular weight distribution）And/or improved polymer chain length control, and for example thus Realize uniform polymer coating.

At least one polymerisable monomer especially can include at least one ion transmitable or ionic conductivity , especially lithium ion transmitable or lithium-ion-conducting polymerisable monomer and/or at least one fluorinated polymerizable list Body, such as it has at least one fluorinated alkyl and/or at least one fluorination alkoxy and/or at least one fluorinated alkenyl Group and/or at least one fluorinated phenyl and/or at least one polymerisable monomer for being used to form gelatin polymer or from It is sub- transmitable or ionic conductivity, especially lithium ion transmitable or lithium-ion-conducting and/or be fluorination And/or setting be used to form gelatin polymer.

The material of ion transmitable, such as the material of lithium ion transmitable, such as monomer or polymer, especially can be with Such material, such as monomer or polymer are interpreted as, itself can be free of ion to be conducted, such as lithium ion, but suitable For ion that will be to be conducted, such as the counter ion counterionsl gegenions of lithium ion and/or ion to be conducted, for example, lithium-conductive salt-the moon from Son coordination and/or solvation, and for example by adding in ion to be conducted, for example, lithium ion and as lithium-ion-conducting 's.

By making list that is ion transmitable or ionic conductivity and/or fluorinated and/or forming gelatin polymer Body polymerize, it can be advantageous in anode active material particles, synthetic polymer-SEI- protective layers are formed especially on silicon particle, It is set as ion transmitable or ionic conductivity and/or fluorinated and/or is used to form gelatin polymer.Pass through ion Transmitable or ionic conductivity polymer and/or gelatin polymer, it can be advantageous to realize equipped with anode activity material The battery of material or the high efficiency of battery pack, and electricity is for example formed especially on silicon particle directly in anode active material particles Solve matter coating or gel electrolyte coating.Fluoro-based polymers can have high thermodynamic stability and also especially have electrochemistry Stability, and can be advantageously in the potential windows for lithium ion battery and/or-battery pack（Potentialfenster）In It is particularly stable.

In one embodiment, in the method using at least two polymerisable monomers.It for example, in the method can be with Use at least three kinds of polymerisable monomers.Copolymerization in this way is directed to especially by two kinds, three or more monomers Property copolymerization desired characteristic can advantageously and be targetedly set, particularly synthesize SEI layers of desired characteristic, and And it can for example cause SEI layers of matching these requirements or design SEI layers according to these requirements.It is used for for example, therefore can introduce Adhesive enhances and/or for matching mechanical property, such as rheological properties, such as the polymer of intensity and/or tensility Segment.

In another embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer or described at least two, such as three kinds can Polymerized monomer（Respectively）Including at least one polymerizable double bond, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, especially at least a vinyl And/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as alkene Propyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one methyl-prop Enoate group and/or at least one phenylethylene group (styryl) and/or at least one hydroxyl.By these functions Group can be advantageously carried out polymerizeing.Particularly, at least one polymerisable monomer or described at least two, such as three kinds can Polymerized monomer can be with（Respectively）Including at least one polymerizable double bond, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, especially at least a second Alkenyl and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, example Such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one first Base acrylate group and/or at least one phenylethylene group (styryl).This is for polymerizeing, particular by activity certainly It is polymerize by base, as the polymerization of ATRP, NMP or RAFT are proved to be particularly advantageous.By at least one hydroxyl, institute can be made At least one polymerisable monomer or at least two polymerisable monomer are stated by condensation reaction or by anionic polymerisation and Polymerization or copolymerization.

In another embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer（Also）Including at least one（It is especially unfluorinated 's）Oxyalkylene group, such as ethylene oxide group, such as polyalkylene oxide groups, such as polyoxyethylene groups or poly- second two Alcohol groups and/or at least one fluorinated oxyalkylene group and/or at least one fluorinated alkoxy and/or at least one fluorine The alkyl of change and/or at least one fluorinated phenyl.

It is either formed comprising oxyalkylene group by oxyalkylene monomers or based on polyoxyalkylene（Such as polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO) Or polyethylene glycol (PEG)）Polymer, it can be advantageous to be ion transmitable, such as lithium ion transmitable. Therefore, it can be advantageous on the particle, such as by being based on the poly- of polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) It closes object and forms ion transmitable, such as the synthesis SEI- protective layers of lithium ion transmitable.In at least one conductive salt, example In the presence of lithium-conductive salt, there is oxyalkylene group or the polymer based on polyoxyalkylene, such as polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO) Or polyethylene glycol (PEG), can be ionic conductivity, such as lithium-ion-conducting.It is disposed with, is particularly coated with The anode active material particles of this polymer, especially silicon particle can be when battery-or battery pack assemble and at least one Conductive salt, such as lithium-conductive salt contact, and become ionic conductivity in this way, such as lithium-ion-conducting.For It realizes equipped with the battery of active material of positive electrode or the high efficiency of battery pack and particularly realizes that high ion can conduct Property, it can will be arranged so as to, the anode active material particles particularly coated, especially silicon particle,（However particularly）Such as With at least one conductive salt, such as lithium-conductive salt, such as lithium hexafluoro phosphate before battery-and/or battery pack assembling (LiPF₆), it is double（Fluoroform）Sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) and/or lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) processing.It is in addition, this poly- Closing object can be at least one electrolyte solvent or at least one liquid electrolyte（Such as based at least one conductive salt extremely Solution in a kind of few electrolyte solvent）In the presence of, such as before or during battery-and/or battery pack assembling, formed solidifying Glue and it is used for example as gel electrolyte.It may be thus possible, for example, to will be arranged so as to, the particle particularly coated, for example, battery- And/or battery pack assembling before, at least one electrolyte solvent and/or at least one liquid electrolyte, especially by least A kind of conductive salt, such as lithium-conductive salt, such as lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF₆), it is double（Fluoroform）Sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) and/or lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) and at least one electrolyte solvent form liquid electrolyte processing.Therefore, It, can also advantageously directly especially except the synthesis SEI- protective layers of silicon particle in addition to being used for being passivated anode active material particles In anode active material particles, electrolyte coating or gel electrolyte coating are formed especially on silicon particle.Notably, however, If only anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle is coated with electrolyte coating or gel electrolyte coating, then the sun At least one electrolyte, such as liquid electrolyte, such as the electrolyte based on carbonic ester can also extremely be included.

In an alternative or additional embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer or described at least two Kind, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include or are selected from：

At least one polymerizable carboxylic acid, for example, acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and/or

At least one polymerizable carboxylic acid-derivative, particularly

At least polymerizable organic carbonate, such as vinylene carbonate and/or vinylethylene carbonate and/or acid anhydrides, especially At least one carboxylic acid anhydrides, for example, maleic anhydride and/or

At least one carboxylate, for example, at least a kind of acrylate, for example, at least a kind of ether acrylate, such as poly- (second two Alcohol) methyl ether acrylate and/or at least one methacrylate, such as methyl methacrylate and/or at least one Acetic acid esters, for example, vinyl acetate and/or

At least one carboxylic acid nitriles, for example, acrylonitrile and/or

It is at least one（It is such as unfluorinated or fluorinated）Ether, especially at least a kind of crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative Object and/or at least one vinyl ethers, for example, trifluoro vinyl ether and/or

It is at least one（It is such as unfluorinated or fluorinated）Oxyalkylene, for example, ethylene oxide and/or

It is at least one（Such as aliphatic series or aromatics, it is such as unfluorinated or fluorinated）Unsaturated hydrocarbons, for example, at least a kind of alkene Hydrocarbon, such as ethylene, such as vinylidene fluoride (vinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride) and/or tetrafluoroethene (TFE) and/or Propylene, such as hexafluoropropene and/or hexene, such as 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- nine fluorine hexenes and/or phenylethylene, such as 2,3,4, 5,6- pentafluorophenyl groups ethylene (2,3,4,5,6- pentafluorostyrenes) and/or 4- (trifluoromethyl) phenylethylene (4- (fluoroforms Base) styrene) and/or styrene.

In one embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer include or described at least two, especially It is that three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one polymerizable carboxylic acid.

In an embodiment of the embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer includes or described Kind of the polymerisable monomer of at least two, particularly three includes acrylic acid：

And/or its derivative.

In another alternative or additional embodiment in the embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer Including or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three include methacrylic acid and/or its derivative.

By the polymerization of acrylic acid either methacrylic acid can be formed on the particle by be based on polyacrylic acid or The synthesis SEI- protective layers that the polymer of polymethylacrylic acid is formed.In this case, it is described based on polyacrylic acid or poly- The polymer of methacrylic acid is attached to the table of anode active material particles, especially silicon particle by carboxylic acid group (- COOH) Hydroxyl on face, such as silicon hydroxide radicals or silanol (Si-OH), for example, by condensation reaction covalently and/ Or pass through Hydrogenbond.Except through the protective layer passivation being made of the polymer based on polyacrylic acid or polymethylacrylic acid Except the particle, the polymer based on polyacrylic acid or polymethylacrylic acid can also be advantageously used for bonding enhancing Agent and/or adhesive, and the adhesion characteristic of the active material of positive electrode is improved in this way.By in anode activity The polymer based on polyacrylic acid or polymethylacrylic acid is prepared in the presence of material granule, especially silicon particle, compared to Anode active material particles, especially silicon particle are mixed by the polyacrylic acid or polymethylacrylic acid that prepare ex situ, Mixture evenly can also be advantageously generated.

In another embodiment, the polymer formed by least one polymerisable monomer, especially its carboxylic acid group Group, at least partially at least one alkali metal hydroxide, such as lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and/or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) And/or potassium hydroxide (KOH), particularly by formed alkali metal carboxylate, such as carboxylic acid lithium either carboxylic acid sodium or carboxylic acid potassium and It neutralizes.Therefore, rheological properties can be improved and/or can be made particularly in the battery or electricity equipped with active material of positive electrode Irreversible capacity loss in the first circulation of pond group minimizes.

In another alternative or additional embodiment, it is described at least one polymerisable monomer include or or At least two described in person, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one polymerizable carboxylic acid-derivative.

In another embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer include or described at least two, it is special It is not that three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one polymerizable organic carbonate and/or acid anhydrides, especially at least a kind of carboxylic acid anhydrides. Particularly, at least one polymerisable monomer can include or at least one polymerizable organic carbonate.Organic carbonate Ester is proved to be particularly advantageous for forming SEI- layers of synthesis.In addition, organic carbonate ion can advantageously can conduct Property, especially lithium ion transmitable.

In another embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer includes or vinylene carbonate and/or carbon Sour vinylethylene and/or maleic anhydride and/or its derivative.This is for forming（Especially ion transmitable, for example, lithium from Sub- transmitable）SEI- layers of synthesis is proved to be advantageous.

In a particular implementation of the embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer includes or carbonic acid is sub- Vinyl acetate.Polymerized thylene carbonate vinyl acetate can especially be formed by the polymerization of vinylene carbonate, be used as to synthesize SEI- layers Polymer be proved to be particularly advantageous.

In another alternative or additional embodiment, it is described at least one polymerisable monomer include or or At least two described in person, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one carboxylate.

For example, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can be with Including or at least one acrylate, for example, at least a kind of ether acrylate, such as poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, example Such as：

And/or at least one methacrylate, such as methyl methacrylate Ester and/or at least one acetic acid esters, such as vinyl acetate and/or its derivative.

By acrylate, such as ether acrylate, such as poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate and/or metering system Acid esters such as the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), can be formed by being based on polyacrylate or gathering on the particle The synthesis SEI- protective layers that the polymer of methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is formed.Polymer based on polyacrylate, example Polymer or polymethyl methacrylate such as based on ether acrylate, it can be advantageous in the presence of following substance, such as When battery-and/or battery pack assemble, form gel and be used for example as gel electrolyte：At least one electrolyte solvent, example Such as organic carbonate of at least one liquid, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and/or carbonic acid Dimethyl ester (DMC) and/or diethyl carbonate (DEC) or at least one liquid electrolyte, such as based at least one conductive Salt, such as lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF₆) and/or it is double（Fluoroform）Sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) and/or lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) at least one electrolyte solvent, for example, at least a kind of organic carbonate of liquid, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) And/or in ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and/or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and/or diethyl carbonate (DEC)（Such as 1 M）Solution.Therefore, in addition to being used to be passivated the anode active material particles, especially except the synthesis SEI- protective layers of silicon particle, Gel electrolyte coating can also be formed especially on silicon particle advantageously directly in the anode active material particles.In this way In the battery of outfit or the first circulation of battery pack, the electrolyte may be in the polymer gel base of gel electrolyte coating It decomposes, and causes in matter（Especially synthesis or naturally-produced）SEI- protective layers are mechanically stable.This can advantageously battery- And/or do not have to during battery pack assembling（Especially to liquid electrolyte）Add SEI- stabilising additives, such as vinylene carbonate (VC) or carbonic acid fluoroethylene (FEC).Based on the polymer of ether acrylate, such as poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, go back Can be ion transmitable, such as lithium ion transmitable, and at least one conductive salt, such as lithium-conductive salt In the presence of, such as by being contacted at least one conductive salt, such as lithium-conductive salt, and when battery-or battery pack assemble It is ionic conductivity, such as lithium-ion-conducting.In order to realize battery or battery pack equipped with active material of positive electrode High efficiency and particularly realize high ion transmitable, can will be arranged so as to, the anode activity material particularly coated Expect particle, especially silicon particle,（However particularly）Such as at least one conductive salt is used before battery-and/or battery pack assembling, Such as lithium-conductive salt, such as lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF₆), it is double（Fluoroform）Sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) and/or high chlorine Sour lithium (LiClO₄) processing.

By the polymerization of vinyl acetate, can be formed on the particle by being based on polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) The synthesis SEI- protective layers that polymer is formed.The polymer based on polyvinyl acetate then can such as saponification become poly- Vinyl alcohol (PVAL).In order to avoid the side reaction with other electrode components, can for example be separated herein with other electrode components The saponification of polymer that ground carries out the polymerization of at least one polymerisable monomer and is particularly consequently formed.It is described to be based on poly- second The polymer of alkenyl alcohol can be advantageous by hydroxyl (- OH), such as passes through silicon hydroxide radicals or silanol (Si-OH), anode active material particles are attached to, especially on the surface of silicon particle, such as by condensation reaction covalently and/ Or pass through Hydrogenbond.Protective layer except through being made of the polymer based on polyvinyl alcohol is passivated except the particle, The polymer based on polyvinyl alcohol can also be advantageously used for adhesiving reinforcing agent or adhesive, and carry in this way The adhesion characteristic of the high active material of positive electrode.By in the anode active material particles, especially being prepared in the presence of silicon particle The polymer based on polyvinyl alcohol, compared to by the way that polyvinyl alcohol prepared by ex situ is mixed into anode activity material Expect particle, especially silicon particle, mixture evenly can also be advantageously generated.

In another alternative or additional embodiment, it is described at least one polymerisable monomer include or or At least two described in person, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one carboxylic acid nitriles.For example, at least one is polymerizable Monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can include or acrylonitrile and/or its derivative.Pass through The polymerization of acrylonitrile can form on the particle and synthesize SEI- by what the polymer for being based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was formed Protective layer.Polymer based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN), it can be advantageous in the presence of following substance, such as battery-and/ Or during battery pack assembling, form gel and be used for example as gel electrolyte：At least one electrolyte solvent, it is for example, at least a kind of The organic carbonate of liquid, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and/or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and/or diethyl carbonate (DEC) or at least one liquid electrolyte, such as based at least one conductive salt, such as Lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF₆) and/or it is double（Fluoroform）Sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) and/or lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) At least one electrolyte solvent, for example, at least a kind of organic carbonate of liquid, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or carbonic acid second In base methyl esters (EMC) and/or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and/or diethyl carbonate (DEC)（Such as 1 M）Solution.Therefore, It, can also be advantageously especially except the synthesis SEI- protective layers of silicon particle in addition to being used for being passivated the anode active material particles Directly in the anode active material particles, gel electrolyte coating is formed especially on silicon particle.In the battery being equipped in this way or In the first circulation of person's battery pack, the electrolyte may decompose in the polymer gel matrices of gel electrolyte coating, and And so that SEI- protective layers are mechanically stable.This can not have to advantageously when battery-and/or battery pack assemble（Especially to liquid Electrolyte）SEI- stabilising additives are added, such as vinylene carbonate (VC) or carbonic acid fluoroethylene (FEC).

In another alternative or additional embodiment, it is described at least one polymerisable monomer include or or At least two described in person, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one（It is such as unfluorinated or fluorinated）Ether.Especially Ground, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can be included or extremely Few one kind（It is such as unfluorinated or fluorinated）Ether, which has at least one polymerizable functional group, especially at least one Polymerizable double bond, such as at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, such as at least one vinyl and/or pi-allyl and/or alkene Propyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one hydroxyl, such as alkylenehydroxyl, such as methylene Base hydroxyl.

For example, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can be with Including or at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative and/or at least one vinyl ethers, such as trifluoro second Alkene ether.

Particularly, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can To include or at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative.

For example, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can be with Including or at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative, there is at least one polymerizable functional group, especially With at least one polymerizable double bond, such as at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, for example, at least one vinyl and/or At least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygen Base alkyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one methacrylate group, such as at least one A carbon-to-carbon double bond, such as at least one vinyl and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,2- Ethenylidene and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or with extremely A few hydroxyl, such as alkylenehydroxyl, such as methylenehydroxy.

At least one polymerizable functional group of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative for example can be tied directly Close crown ether or crown ether-derivative.However, particularly for the reason of the steric hindrance, it is also possible to advantageously in the hat Between ether or crown ether-derivative and at least one polymerizable functional group（Such as in addition）Linking group or bridge are set Section, such as phenyl ring or cyclohexane ring.It, especially can be with by least one polymerizable double bond, the especially polymerization of carbon-to-carbon double bond Form main polymer chain, such as C-C- main polymer chains (C-C main chains), such as every have on a carbon atom crown ether- The functional group of base.

By the polymerization of the crown ether with polymerizable functional group and/or crown ether-derivative, can be formed on the particle SEI- protective layers are synthesized by what polymer was formed, the basic structural unit based on crown ether.Polymer based on crown ether can be with（It is special It is not selectively）It is ion transmitable, especially lithium ion transmitable, and be advantageously alkali metal ion, especially Its lithium ion provides best diffusion path.

Crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative can be advantageously in addition at least through Van der Waals-and/or Hydrogenbond described in The surface of anode active material particles, especially silicon particle, and the polymeric layer being consequently formed therefore is improved in anode activity material Expect particle, the especially adhesiveness on silicon particle.

At least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative for example can be by free radical polymerizations, such as live Free love base polymerize, such as atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP) and/or stable free radical polymerization (SFRP), such as nitrogen The polymerization (NMP) of oxide mediation and/or the polymerization (VMP) of Verdazyl- mediations and/or reversible addition-fracture-chain turn Shifting-polymerization (RAFT) and/or by the polymerization of condensation reaction and/or by ionic polymerization, such as anion or cation It polymerize and can polymerize and/or be polymerize or is copolymerized.

For example, at least one polymerizable functional group of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative can include or It is at least one polymerizable double bond, a for example, at least carbon-to-carbon double bond, especially at least a vinyl and/or at least one 1, 2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, example Such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one methacrylate group and/or At least one phenylethylene group (styryl) and/or at least one hydroxyl.It can be advantageously real by these functional groups Now it polymerize.For example, at least one polymerizable functional group of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative can include or It is at least one vinyl and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one A pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, for example, allyloxymethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or At least one methacrylate group and/or at least one hydroxyl, especially alkylenehydroxyl.It can be with by least one hydroxyl Make at least one polymerizable functional group of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative by condensation reaction or by Anionic polymerisation and polymerize or be copolymerized.For example, at least one of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative can gather Conjunction functional group can include or at least one polymerizable double bond, a for example, at least carbon-to-carbon double bond, especially at least an ethylene Base and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as Pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one methyl Acrylate group and/or at least one phenylethylene group (styryl).This is for polymerizeing, particularly by activity certainly It is polymerize by base, such as ATRP, NMP or RAFT, is proved to be particularly advantageous.

At least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative and/or include at least one crown ether And/or the polymer of crown ether-derivative can also have at least particularly other than at least one polymerizable functional group A kind of silane group.Pass through at least one silane group, it can be advantageous to make at least one crown ether and/or it is described extremely A kind of few crown ether-derivative and/or the polymer comprising at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative（Such as covalently Ground）The anode active material particles are attached to, especially on the surface of silicon particle.Therefore, it can be advantageous to be formed to have and improved Adhesiveness polymeric layer.

The anode active material particles, especially silicon particle are disposed with comprising at least one crown ether and/or crown ether derivative Polymer for example can be by least one crown ether and/or crown ether derivative in the anode active material particles, especially Polymerization in the presence of its silicon particle and/or the electrolyte is optionally copolymerized and carries out（In-situ polymerization）And/or for example by At least one silane group and/or by（Especially through addition）Cause at least one polymerizable functional group and/or polymerization Functional group and/or polymerization control at least one silane compound of functional group and carry out.Pass through at least one silane group And/or at least one crown ether and/or crown ether derivative with it is described there is at least one polymerizable functional group and/or polymerize draw The copolymerization of at least one silane compound of functional group and/or polymerization control functional group is sent out, such as advantageously can particularly be borrowed The silane-functional is helped, realizes that the active material particle, particularly silicon particle and at least one crown ether and/or crown ether spread out Biology or comprising at least one crown ether and/or crown ether derivative（Altogether）Between polymer（It is particularly covalent）Knot It closes.

In one embodiment, by the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle has at least one with described The mixing of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether derivative and polymerization of polymerizable functional group（In-situ polymerization）.In this case, institute The polymerization for stating at least one polymerizable functional group of at least one crown ether and/or crown ether derivative can be by（Such as by adding Enter）At least one polymerization initiator and cause.It can advantageously and be directed to herein by least one polymerization initiator Cause the polymerization, and make the anode active material particles to property, especially silicon particle advantageously and is targetedly arranged Have, be particularly coated with described by polymerizeing the polymer formed.It can advantageously be lived by the in-situ polymerization in the anode Property material granule, particularly silicon particle on by being formed by the polymer that is formed of polymerizeing with the shape of flexible polymer protective layer SEI- layers of the synthesis of formula.

Particularly, at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative can include or be based on

Crown ether, particularly

12-4- crown ethers：

And/or

15-5- crown ethers：

And/or

Aza-crown ether, such as (two -) aza-crown ether, such as azepine -12-4- crown ethers, such as 1- azepine -12-4- crown ethers, example Such as：

And/or azepine -15-5- crown ethers, such as two-aza-crown ether, such as two-azepine -12-4- hats Ether and/or two-azepine -15-5- crown ethers, such as：

And/or（Especially N- substitutions）(two -) aza-crown ether, such as N- alkyl-(two -) nitrogen Miscellaneous -12-4- crown ethers and/or N- alkyl-(two -) azepine -15-5- crown ethers and/or

Benzo-crown ether, especially phendioxin 2-4- crown ethers and/or phendioxin 5-5- crown ethers, such as：

And/or, such as two-benzo-crown ether, example Such as two-phendioxin 2-4- crown ethers, such as：

And/or two-phendioxin 5-5- crown ethers and/or hexamethylene simultaneously-crown ether, Especially hexamethylene simultaneously -12-4- crown ethers and/or hexamethylene simultaneously -15-5- crown ethers, for example, two-hexamethylene simultaneously-crown ether, such as two-ring Hexane simultaneously -12-4- crown ethers, such as：

And/or two-hexamethylene simultaneously -15-5- crown ethers.

In an embodiment of the embodiment, at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-spread out Biology includes the crown ether of following chemical general formula or crown ether-derivative：

。

In this case, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Qk especially can respectively represent independently of one another oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N) or Amine, such as secondary amine (NH) and/or tertiary amine, such as alkyl-or arylamine (NR).

G can especially represent at least one polymerizable functional group, for example, wherein one of carbon atom and/or Q1 and/or Q2 and/ Or Q3 and/or Qk are replaced by it.

G can especially represent the quantity of polymerizable functional group G, and especially can with 1≤g, such as 1≤g≤5, Such as 1≤g≤2.

K can especially represent the quantity of unit in bracket, and especially can with 1≤k, such as 1≤k≤3, such as 1 ≤ k ≤ 2。

Particularly, G can include at least one polymerizable double bond, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, for example, at least one Vinyl and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, Such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one hydroxyl, such as alkylenehydroxyl, such as it is sub- Methylhydroxy.

In addition, G can be used for example as linking group for example including one or more other groups（The unit that bridges or Bridge section）Group.For example, G can also include at least one benzo groups and/or hexamethylene and group.

Particularly, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Qk can represent oxygen.For example, at least one crown ether and/or at least one Crown ether-derivative can include the crown ether of following chemical general formula or crown ether-derivative：

。

For example, at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative can include following chemical general formula Crown ether or crown ether-derivative：

And/or

, especially wherein 0≤k', such as 0≤k'≤2, such as 0≤ k' ≤ 1。

By the polymerization of double bond, such as active free radical polymerization, can be formed with carbon-to-carbon main polymer chain (C-C master Chain) and crown ether-or the polymer of crown ether-derivative-side group, such as：

。

It alternatively, or in addition, also for example can be with（Particularly directly）In the main polymer chain or described poly- It closes and the polymer with crown ether-or crown ether-derivative-group is formed in object chain.This for example can by (two -) benzo-and/ Or (two -) hexamethylene simultaneously-crown ether and/or-crown ether derivative, such as at least two, optional four hydroxyls（Such as in the benzene And-and/or hexamethylene simultaneously-ring on）Polymerization, such as by condensation reaction, such as be etherified and realize.

。

G' can especially represent at least one polymerizable functional group.Particularly, G' can include at least one polymerizable double Key, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, for example, at least a vinyl and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least One 1,2- ethenylidene and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, for example, allyloxymethyl and/ Or at least one hydroxyl, such as alkylenehydroxyl, such as methylenehydroxy.

In addition, G' can be used for example as linking group for example including one or more other groups（The unit that bridges or Bridge section）Group.For example, G' can also include at least one benzo groups and/or hexamethylene and group.

G' can especially represent the quantity of polymerizable functional group G', and especially can with 1≤g', such as 1≤g'≤ 4, such as 1≤g'≤2.

And/or

。

By the polymerization of hydroxyl, such as by condensation reaction, especially it is etherified, can be in the polymer backbone formed particularly Polymer benzo-crown ether, that there is crown ether-or crown ether-derivative-group based on etherificate, such as：

Or

。

This crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative can advantageous by with at least one polymerizable functional group extremely Few a kind of reaction of silane compound, such as by condensation reaction, such as covalently, and anode active material particles, especially Its silicon particle combines.

For example, the crown ether and silane compound of following chemical general formula can be reciprocally：

,

Wherein R1, R2, R3 especially respectively represent halogen atom, especially chlorine (- Cl) or alkoxy, especially methoxy independently of one another Base (- OCH₃) or ethyoxyl (- OC₂H₅) or alkyl, such as straight chained alkyl (- (CH₂)_x-CH₃) （Wherein x >=0）, especially Methyl (- CH₃) or amino (- NH₂,-NH-) or silazane group (- NH-Si-) or hydroxyl (- OH) or hydrogen (- H), by Condensation reaction, particularly by the hydroxyl of crown ether and reacting and particularly by silane compound for the chlorine atom of silane compound R1, R2 and/or R3 in the anode active material particles, the especially hydroxyl on the surface of silicon particle, such as silicon hydroxide The reaction of group or silanol (Si-OH), and with the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle, such as covalently Ground, with reference to.

In another embodiment, at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative and/or The polymer comprising at least one crown ether and/or crown ether-derivative is particularly in addition at least one polymerizable functionalities Except group, also there is at least one silane group.For example, at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether-derivative Object can include the crown ether of following chemical general formula or crown ether-derivative：

。

G can especially represent at least one polymerizable functional group, for example, wherein one of carbon atom and/or Q1 and/or Q2 and/ Or Q3 and/or Qk are replaced by it.Particularly, G can include at least one polymerizable double bond, a for example, at least carbon-to-carbon double bond, A for example, at least vinyl and/or 1,1- ethenylidene and/or 1,2- ethenylidene and/or pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygen Base alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one hydroxyl, such as alkylenehydroxyl, such as methylenehydroxy.

Y' can especially represent linking group, that is, the unit bridged.For example, Y' can include at least one alkylidene (- C_nH_2n), wherein n >=0, especially n >=1 and/or at least one oxyalkylene group (- C_nH_2n- O-), wherein n >=1, And/or at least one carboxylate group (- C=O-O-) and/or at least one phenylene (- C₆H₄-).For example, Y' herein can be with Represent alkylidene-C_nH_2n, wherein 0≤n≤5, such as n=1 or 2 or 3.

S can especially be represented（It is combined particularly by linking group Y'）The quantity of silane group (- SiR1R2R3), It and especially can be with 1≤s, such as 1≤s≤5, such as 1≤s≤2.

R1, R2, R3 especially can respectively represent halogen atom, especially chlorine (- Cl) or alkoxy independently of one another, especially Its methoxyl group (- OCH₃) or ethyoxyl (- OC₂H₅) or alkyl, such as straight chained alkyl (- (CH₂)_x-CH₃), wherein x >=0, Especially methyl (- CH₃) or amino (- NH₂,-NH-) or silazane group (- NH-Si-) or hydroxyl (- OH) or hydrogen (- H). For example, R1, R2 and R3 can represent chlorine.

Particularly, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Qk can represent oxygen.For example, at least one crown ether and/or at least one Crown ether-derivative can include the crown ether of following chemical general formula or crown ether-derivative herein：

。

The example of crown ether or crown ether-derivative is：

And/or

。

This crown ether or crown ether-derivative can be attached to the anode activity material advantageous by the silane group Expect particle, especially on silicon particle, and additionally may act as the adhesion promotor of silylation.

If at least one polymerisable monomer includes (two -) aza-crown ether-derivative, such as it is with vinyl Functional group, then one or more NH- groups are substituted before the polymerization or are disposed with blocking group, such as be partially alkylated or alkylated, preferably It is methylated.Therefore, one or more of NH- groups can be prevented to interfere the polymerization, for example, free radical (co) polymerization and/ Or anion (co) polymerization.In addition, the either tertiary amine-group or N-R- keys of substitution can be more stable for alkali metal.

Alternatively, however or additionally, for example, can also targetedly in the polymerization utilize (two -) azepine- The reaction of one or more NH- groups of crown ether-derivative, such as so as to (two -) aza-crown ether-derivative for forming nitrogen-substituted Object-polymer and/or block-copolymer, such as at least one by described at least one (two -) aza-crown ether-derivative （Particularly end）Polymerizable double bond, such as vinyl-and/or pi-allyl, at least another polymerisable monomer or by it At least one polymerizable double bond of the polymer of formation（Such as with styrene）Reaction.For example, (two -) nitrogen can be made thus One or more NH- groups of miscellaneous-crown ether-derivative pass through (CH₂)_nBridge section especially by at least one α-ω-alkylene The reaction of based compound and be coupled and/or using for example poly- positive alkylidene-two-aza-crown ether, such as following chemical general formula α-ω-diamines, such as hexamethylene diamine, for synthesizing (two -) aza-crown ether-derivative-polymer：

, such as

,

Such as wherein 0≤i≤4.

In another alternative or additional embodiment, it is described at least one polymerisable monomer include or or At least two described in person, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one, such as unfluorinated or fluorinated, oxyalkylene, Such as ethylene oxide.

In another alternative or additional embodiment, it is described at least one polymerisable monomer include or or At least two described in person, particularly three kinds of polymerisable monomers include at least one, for example, aliphatic series or aromatics, it is such as unfluorinated Or fluorinated, unsaturated hydrocarbons.

For example, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can be with Including or at least one alkene, such as ethylene, such as vinylidene fluoride (vinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride) and/or four Vinyl fluoride (TFE) and/or propylene, such as hexafluoropropene and/or hexene, such as 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- nine fluorine hexenes and/ Or phenylethylene, such as 2,3,4,5,6- pentafluorophenyl group ethylene (2,3,4,5,6- pentafluorostyrene) and/or 4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene Base ethylene (4- (trifluoromethyl) styrene) and/or styrene.

For example, at least one polymerisable monomer or kind of the polymerisable monomer of described at least two, particularly three can be with Including or at least one fluorinated alkene, for example, at least a kind of fluorinated ethylene, such as vinylidene fluoride (1,1- difluoro second Alkene, vinylidene fluoride) and/or tetrafluoroethene (TFE) and/or at least one fluorinated propylene, such as

Hexafluoropropene：

And/or at least one fluorinated hexene, such as 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- nine fluorine hexenes：

, such as with trade name Zonyl PFBE fluorine telomers intermediate obtain and/or At least one fluorinated phenylethylene, such as

2,3,4,5,6- pentafluorostyrenes：

And/or

4- (trifluoromethyl) styrene：

And/or

At least one fluorinated vinyl ethers, such as

2- (perfluor propoxyl group) perfluoro propyl trifluoro vinyl ether：

。

By fluorinated alkene, such as the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride, it can be advantageous to be formed on the particle by being fluorinated , such as the synthesis SEI- protective layers that the polymer based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) is formed.This polymer can be advantageous Ground forms gel and is used for example as gel electrolyte in the presence of following substance, such as when battery-and/or battery pack assemble Matter：At least one electrolyte solvent, for example, at least a kind of organic carbonate of liquid, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or carbonic acid Ethyl methyl esters (EMC) and/or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and/or diethyl carbonate (DEC) or at least one liquid electrolytic Matter, such as based at least one conductive salt, such as lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF₆) and/or it is double（Fluoroform）Sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI) and/or lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) at least one electrolyte solvent, for example, at least a kind of organic carbonate of liquid Ester, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and/or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and/or carbonic acid diethyl In ester (DEC)（Such as 1 M）Solution.Therefore, in addition to being used to being passivated the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle It synthesizes except SEI- protective layers, can also be formed especially on silicon particle solidifying advantageously directly in the anode active material particles Glue electrolyte coating.In the battery or the first circulation of battery pack being equipped in this way, the electrolyte may be in gel electrolyte It is decomposed in the polymer gel matrices of matter coating, and so that SEI- protective layers are mechanically stable.This can advantageously battery- And/or do not have to during battery pack assembling（Especially to liquid electrolyte）Add SEI- stabilising additives, such as vinylene carbonate (VC) or carbonic acid fluoroethylene (FEC).

Alternatively, or in addition, at least one polymerisable monomer or described at least two, particularly three kind can Polymerized monomer can be with, such as additionally, including or at least one unfluorinated alkene, for example, at least a kind of unfluorinated phenyl Ethylene, such as styrene.

By using at least one（It is such as unfluorinated or fluorinated）Phenylethylene, such as styrene, particularly by with It is copolymerized, it can be advantageous to, especially additionally, introduce（Such as based on polystyrene）Hard block, so as to for example improve needle Stabilizer and/or improvement mechanical property to alkali and/or solvent, such as intensity.In this case, the copolymer can be with structure As random copolymer or block copolymer, such as by polystyrene-hard segment and based on other soft segments, such as poly- hat Ether-soft segment is formed.Poly-crown ether-polystyrene-block-copolymer can be advantageously thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and can with high Draftability.

In another embodiment,（Such as adding at least one polymerisable monomer or described at least two Before polymerisable monomer, in or after the process, particularly before or during）Using at least one polymerizable functional group And/or polymerization causes at least one silane compound of functional group and/or polymerization control functional group.In such a case, it is possible to Cause functional group at least one polymerizable functional group and/or polymerization described in making and/or polymerization controls at least the one of functional group Kind silane compound reacts with the anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle or can at least one first Polymerized monomer or at least two polymerisable monomer are mixed together in the anode active material particles, particularly silicon Grain is either added to described after being reacted at least one polymerisable monomer or at least two polymerisable monomer Anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle.In this case, the silane-functional of at least one silane compound can With advantageously, such as covalently, the anode active material particles are attached to, especially on the surface of silicon particle.Described at least one At least one polymerizable functional group of kind of silane compound herein can be with（Particularly at least one polymerisable monomer or At least two polymerisable monomer）Polymerization, is particularly copolymerized.Pass through at least one at least one polymerizable functional group The copolymerization of silane compound and at least one polymerisable monomer, herein can advantageously, particularly by least one silicon The silane-functional of hydride compounds realizes the active material particle, particularly silicon particle and the copolymer formed by it With reference to.Therefore silane compound at least one polymerizable functional group can be advantageously used for adhesion promotor, particularly For by polymerizeing the polymeric layer to be formed on the particle.

At least one polymerizable functional group of at least one silane compound can be special for example by free radical polymerization It is not by active free radical polymerization, such as by atom transfer active free radical polymerization or passes through stable free radical polymerization, example The polymerization such as mediated by nitrogen oxides or the polymerization mediated by Verdazyl-, especially by the poly- of nitrogen oxides mediation It closes or by reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization, and can polymerize.

At least one polymerizable functional group of at least one silane compound can include or for example, at least one Polymerizable double bond, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, especially at least a vinyl and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes And/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as pi-allyl oxygen Ylmethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one methacrylate group and/or at least one benzene Base vinyl group (styryl) and/or at least one hydroxyl.Particularly, at least the one of at least one silane compound Kind polymerizable functional group can include or at least one polymerizable double bond, a for example, at least carbon-to-carbon double bond, and especially at least one A vinyl and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidenes and/or at least one allyl Base, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as allyloxymethyl and/or at least one acrylate group and/or at least one A methacrylate group and/or at least one phenylethylene group (styryl).This is for polymerization, particular by work Free love base polymerize, as the polymerization of ATRP, NMP or RAFT are proved to be particularly advantageous.It, can be with by least one hydroxyl Make at least one polymerizable functional group of at least one silane compound by condensation reaction or by anionic polymerisation and Polymerization or copolymerization.For example, at least one polymerizable functional group of at least one silane compound can be included or at least One polymerizable double bond, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, such as vinyl and/or 1,1- ethenylidene and/or 1,2- Asia second Alkenyl and/or acrylate group and/or methacrylate group.

If there is at least one silane compound at least one polymerization to cause functional group, at least one can Polymerized monomer, particularly described at least two or the polymerization of three kind of polymerisable monomer can be by（It is described）At least one polymerization is drawn It sends out agent and/or causes functional group by least one polymerization of at least one silane compound and cause.Described at least one Therefore kind polymerization initiator can include or cause functional group at least one polymerization（It is described）At least one silanization The polymerization for closing object or at least one polymerisable monomer can be by（Such as pass through addition）At least one/described polymerization Initiator and/or by（Such as pass through addition）With at least one at least one silane compound for polymerizeing initiation functional group Cause.

At least one polymerization of at least one silane compound, which causes functional group, can for example set to cause certainly It is polymerize by base, is particularly used to cause active free radical polymerization.

For example, at least one polymerization of at least one silane compound causes functional group and can set to cause original Sub- transfer activity free radical polymerization (ATRP- initiators).

At least one polymerization of at least one silane compound causes functional group, particularly for atom transfer activity Free radical polymerization (ATRP- initiators), such as can include or at least one halogen atom, for example, chlorine (- Cl), bromine (- Br) or iodine (- I), preferably chlorine (- Cl) or bromine (- Br), such as by least one halogen atom, for example, chlorine (- Cl), bromine (- Br) or iodine (- I), preferably chlorine (- Cl) or the alkyl of bromine (- Br) substitution.

At least one polymerization of at least one silane compound causes functional group, is particularly used to cause atom transfer Active free radical polymerization can especially be used at least one catalyst combination.

At least one catalyst can especially include transition metal halide, particularly copper halide, such as chlorine herein Change copper and/or copper bromide, such as copper bromide（I）And optionally at least one ligand, it is for example, at least a kind of, it is particularly multiple tooth, Nitrogen ligand（N-type ligand, English：N-type ligand）, for example, at least a kind of amine, such as three [2-（Dimethylamino）Ethyl] amine （Me6tren）And/or three（2- pyridylmethyls）Amine（TPMA）And/or 2,2'- bipyridyls and/or N, N, N', N'', N''- five Methyl diethylenetriamines（PMDETA）And/or 1,1,4,7,10,10- hexamethyl triens（HMTETA）Or by it It is formed.For example, at least one catalyst can be transient metal complex, particularly transition metal-nitrogen-complex.

By at least one polymerization of at least one silane compound cause functional group, the catalyst or complex and The monomer can form the free radical buffer or the deactivating materials herein.

If there is at least one silane compound at least one polymerization to control functional group, at least one can The polymerization of polymerized monomer can be by（It is described）At least one polymerization control agent and/or by least one silane compound At least one polymerization control functional group and control.Therefore at least one polymerization control agent can be included or at least A kind of polymerization control functional group（It is described）The polymerization of at least one silane compound or at least one polymerisable monomer It can be by（Such as pass through addition）At least one/described polymerization control agent and/or by（Such as pass through addition）With at least It is a kind of to polymerize at least one silane compound for controlling functional group and control.

At least one polymerization control functional group of at least one silane compound can for example set to control work Free love base polymerize.

For example, at least one polymerization control functional group of at least one silane compound can set to control surely Determine free radical polymerization (SFRP- mediators), such as the polymerization (NMP- mediators) for controlling nitrogen oxides mediation and/or for controlling The polymerization (VMP- mediators) of Verdazyl- mediations processed, particularly for controlling the polymerization (NMP- mediators) of nitrogen oxides mediation, And/or for controlling reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- reagents).

By active free radical polymerization, particularly stable free radical polymerization, for example, nitrogen oxides mediation polymerization and/or The polymerization of Verdazyl- mediations, such as polymerization and/or the reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation, can To be advantageously carried out Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution or low polydispersity（The width of molecular weight distribution）And/or improved polymer chain length control System, and for example it is achieved in uniform polymer coating.

At least one polymerization control functional group of at least one silane compound, particularly stablizes freely for controlling Base polymerize (SFRP- mediators), such as the polymerization (NMP- mediators) for controlling nitrogen oxides mediation and/or for controlling Verdazyl- mediation polymerization (VMP- mediators), such as control nitrogen oxides mediate polymerization (NMP- mediators) and/ It, herein especially can be with or for controlling reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- reagents)（It is described）It is at least one Polymerization initiator and/or at least one silane compound at least one polymerize cause combination of functional groups use.

At least one polymerization control functional group of at least one silane compound, particularly mediates for nitrogen oxides Polymerization（NMP- mediators）, can for example include or especially straight chain or cricoid, nitroxide groups and/or alkoxy amido Group, such as based on 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-piperidyl oxygroups（TEMPO）：

Or its sacrificial initiator（Opfer initiators）, such as：

Or its sacrificial initiator, such as：

Or its sacrificial initiator and/or,

Particularly for reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- reagents), such as thio group, such as three thio carbon Acid esters group（-S-C=S-S-）Or dithioesters group（-C=S-S-）Or dithiocarbamate groups group（-N-C=S-S-）Or Xanthate group（-C=S-S^-）.

At least one polymerization initiation official of at least one polymerization initiator and/or at least one silane compound Can roll into a ball can especially set to cause stable free radical polymerization (SFRP- initiators), such as causing nitrogen oxides mediation Polymerization (NMP- initiators) and/or polymerization (VMP- initiators) for causing Verdazyl- mediations, particularly for drawing Send out the polymerization (NMP- initiators) of nitrogen oxides mediation and/or for causing reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- initiators).In this case, at least one polymerization initiator and/or at least one silane compound At least one polymerization cause functional group and can especially include or radical initiator, such as azo isobutyronitrile, such as azo It is double（Isobutyronitrile）(AIBN) and/or benzoyl peroxide, such as dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), or derivatives thereof.

The free radical buffer or deactivating materials herein especially can be by active materials, i.e. free radical, and based on nitrogen The reaction of the stabilized radical of oxide groups and/or alkoxyamine groups or thio group and formed.

In another embodiment, at least one silane compound includes the silicon of at least one following chemical general formula Hydride compounds：

,

R1, R2, R3 especially can respectively represent halogen atom, especially chlorine (- Cl) or alkoxy, especially methoxy independently of one another Base (- OCH₃) or ethyoxyl (- OC₂H₅) or alkyl, such as straight chained alkyl (- (CH₂)_x-CH₃), wherein x >=0, especially first Base (- CH₃) or amino (- NH₂,-NH-) or silazane group (- NH-Si-) or hydroxyl (- OH) or hydrogen (- H).For example, R1, R2 and R3 can represent chlorine.

Y can especially represent the unit of linking group, i.e. bridging.Particularly, Y can include at least one alkylidene (- C_nH_2n-) （Wherein n >=1）And/or at least one oxyalkylene group (- C_nH_2n-O-) （Wherein n >=1）And/or at least one A carboxylate group (- C=O-O-) and/or at least one phenylene (- C₆H₄-)。

A can especially represent polymerizable functional group and/or polymerization causes functional group and/or polymerization control functional group.

Silane compound at least one polymerizable functional group can be advantageously used for adhesion promotor.

In an embodiment of the embodiment, A represents polymerizable functional group.Particularly, A can represent have extremely The polymerizable functional group of a few polymerizable double bond.For example, A can represent the polymerizable official at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond It can group.For example, A can represent vinyl or 1,1- ethenylidene or 1,2- ethenylidene or acrylate group or metering system Acid esters group.

（Particularly promote bonding）Silane compound with polymerizable functional group can be for example logical with following chemistry Formula：

In this case, R1, R2, R3 especially can respectively represent halogen atom, especially chlorine (- Cl) or alkane independently of one another Oxygroup, especially methoxyl group (- OCH₃) or ethyoxyl (- OC₂H₅) or alkyl, such as straight chained alkyl (- (CH₂)_x-CH₃) （Its Middle x >=0）, especially methyl (- CH₃) or amino (- NH₂,-NH-) or hydrogen (- H).For example, SiR1R2R3 herein can be with table Show single-, two- or trichlorosilane.A can especially represent the functional group at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond herein, especially represent second Alkenyl or acrylate group or methacrylate group.Can be 1≤n≤20 in this case, preferably 1≤ N≤5, especially n=2 or 3.

（Particularly promote bonding）The example of silane compound with polymerizable functional group is methacrylic acid 3- (three Chlorosilyl) propyl ester：

, especially wherein R1, R2 and R3 represent chlorine, A expression methacrylic acids Ester and n=3.

In the another embodiment of the embodiment, A represents that polymerization causes functional group.Particularly, A herein can be with table Show and cause functional group for causing the polymerization of atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP- initiators).A herein especially can be with Represent halogen atom, such as chlorine (- Cl) or bromine (- Br) or iodine (- I), especially chlorine (- Cl) or bromine (- Br).

Cause the silane compound of functional group with polymerization, particularly for causing atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP- initiators), can be for example with following chemical general formula：

In this case, R1, R2, R3 especially can respectively represent halogen atom, especially chlorine (- Cl) or alkane independently of one another Oxygroup, especially methoxyl group (- OCH₃) or ethyoxyl (- OC₂H₅) or hydrogen (- H).For example, SiR1R2R3 can be represented herein Single-, two- or trichlorosilane.A can especially represent halogen atom, such as chlorine (- Cl), bromine (- Br) or iodine (- I) herein, excellent Select chlorine (- Cl) or bromine (- Br).In such a case, it is possible to be 1≤n≤20, preferred 1≤n≤5, especially n= 1 or 2 and/or 0≤m≤20, preferably 0≤m≤5, especially m=0 or 1 or 2.

Cause the example of the silane compound of functional group with polymerization（Gather particularly for causing atom transfer living radical It closes (ATRP- initiators)）It is trichlorine [4- (chloromethyl) phenyl] silane or 4- (chloromethyl) phenyl trichlorosilane (CMPS)：

, especially wherein R1, R2 and R3 and A represent chlorine and n=1 and m=0.

In the another embodiment of the embodiment, A represents polymerization control functional group.

In one embodiment, A represents the polymerization control of the polymerization mediated for nitrogen oxides (NMP- mediators) herein Functional group processed.The polymerization control functional group A especially can be the mediator of nitrogen oxides base herein.For example, A herein can be with table Show nitroxide groups and/or alkoxyamine groups, for example, based on 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-piperidyl oxygroups (TEMPO) and/or 2,2,5- trimethyl -4- phenyl -3- aza-hexane -3- oxygroups (TIPNO) and/or N- tert-butyl-n -s [1- diethyl phosphonyls - (2-2- dimethyl propyls) nitrogen oxides] (SG1*).

The example of silane compound with polymerization control functional group（Particularly for the polymerization (NMP- of nitrogen oxides mediation Mediator)）It is alkoxyamine-silane compound of 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-piperidyls oxygroup-(TEMPO)-base：

And/or

,

Alkoxyamine-silane chemical combination of 2,2,5- trimethyl -4- phenyl -3- aza-hexane -3- oxygroups-(TIPNO)-base of following formula Object：

And/or

The alcoxyl of N- tert-butyl-n -s [1- diethyl phosphonyls-(2-2- dimethyl propyls) nitrogen oxides]-(SG1)-base of following formula Base amine-silane compound：

。

Instead of at least one silane compound of functional group being controlled to be used for nitrogen at least one polymerization by directly fixed The polymerization (NMP- mediators) of oxide mediation, can be as follows so that anode active material particles, especially silicon particle functionalization be used for The polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation, wherein（First）Make at least one silane compound at least one polymerizable functional group, Such as methacrylic acid 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl ester, it is fixed on the tables of anode active material particles, especially silicon particle On face and make at least one silane compound（Then）With the mediator of at least one nitrogen oxides base, such as at least one Kind of nitrogen oxides-or alkoxyamine compound, such as TEMPO and for example at least one polymerization initiator, especially free radical draws Agent is sent out, as AIBN reacts.

In another embodiment, A is represented for reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- reagents) Polymerization control functional group.The polymerization control functional group especially can be thio group herein.For example, A can represent three herein Thiocarbonate group（-S-C=S-S-）Or dithioesters group（-C=S-S-）Or dithiocarbamate groups group（-N-C= S-S-）Or xanthate group（-C=S-S^-）.

With polymerization control functional group silane compound, particularly for reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization In the case of (RAFT- reagents), SiR1R2R3 can for example represent chlorosilane, methoxy silane, Ethoxysilane or silazane, Dithioesters or dithiocarbamate or trithiocarbonate or xanthate are represented with A.

Silane compound with polymerization control functional group（Particularly for reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT- reagents)）Example be trithiocarbonate-or dithioesters compound：

And/or

。

In another embodiment, at least one silane compound includes at least one of following chemical general formula （Particularly crown ether base）Silane compound：

。

Particularly, G can include at least one polymerizable double bond, for example, at least a carbon-to-carbon double bond, for example, at least one Vinyl and/or 1,1- ethenylidene and/or 1,2- ethenylidene and/or pi-allyl, such as pi-allyl oxygroup alkyl, such as alkene Propyl oxygroup methyl and/or at least one hydroxyl, such as alkylenehydroxyl, such as methylenehydroxy.

In addition, G can for example include one or more of the other group, be used for example as linking group, i.e., bridging unit or Those of bridge section.For example, G can also include at least one benzo groups and/or hexamethylene and group （Cyclohexanogruppe）.

Y' can especially represent the unit of linking group, i.e. bridging.For example, Y' can include at least one alkylidene (- C_nH_2n-) （Wherein n >=0, especially n >=1）And/or at least one oxyalkylene group (- C_nH_2n-O-) （Wherein n >= 1）And/or at least one carboxylate group (- C=O-O-) and/or at least one phenylene (- C₆H₄-).For example, Y' herein may be used To represent alkylidene-C_nH_2n-（Wherein 0≤n≤5, such as n=1 or 2 or 3）.

S can especially be represented（It is combined particularly by linking group Y'）The quantity of silane group (- SiR1R2R3), and It and especially can be with 1≤s, such as 1≤s≤5, such as 1≤s≤2.

R1, R2, R3 especially can respectively represent halogen atom, especially chlorine (- Cl) or alkoxy independently of one another, especially Its methoxyl group (- OCH₃) or ethyoxyl (- OC₂H₅) or alkyl, such as straight chained alkyl (- (CH₂)_x-CH₃)（Wherein x >= 0）, especially methyl (- CH₃) or amino (- NH₂,-NH-) or silazane group (- NH-Si-) or hydroxyl (- OH) or hydrogen (- H).For example, R1, R2 and R3 can represent chlorine.

Particularly, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Qk can represent oxygen.For example, at least one silane compound can include herein At least one of following chemical general formula（Particularly crown ether base）Silane compound：

。

It is this（Particularly crown ether base）The example of silane compound is：

And/or

。

It is this（Particularly crown ether base）Silane compound can advantageous by the silane group, especially covalently, Such as additionally by Van der Waals-and/or hydrogen bond, anode active material particles are incorporated in, especially on the surface of silicon particle, and It is used for example as the adhesion promotor of silylation.

In another embodiment, at least one polymerisable monomer polymerization or reaction at least one solvent Middle progress.The molecular weight of polymer to be formed advantageously can be more preferably controlled by solvent polymeric or polymerisation in solution.Institute After the polymerization or reaction of stating at least one polymerisable monomer, at least one solvent can be particularly removed again.

In another embodiment, provide lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, particularly lithium ion battery and/or lithium from The preparation method of the anode of sub- battery pack.

In another embodiment（Particularly wherein described at least one polymerisable monomer is equably lived with the anode Property material granule, especially silicon particle polymerize, but dividually carried out with other electrode components（Method 1））, will be disposed with, especially It is to be coated with the anode active material particles of polymer formed by the polymerization or reaction, especially silicon particle and at least one The other electrode components mixing of kind, and anode is for example processed by blade coating.Therefore, it can be advantageous to and targetedly exist SEI- layers of synthesis is formed on the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle, and for example so that for coating the anode The amount of at least one polymerisable monomer needed for active material particle, especially silicon particle minimizes.

In an embodiment of the embodiment, the method includes following method and steps：

A) anode active material particles, especially silicon particle and at least one polymerisable monomer are mixed, especially mix anode activity material Expect particle, especially silicon particle and at least one polymerisable monomer,

B) by（Such as pass through addition）At least one polymerization initiator, especially described at least one polymerization initiator and cause institute The polymerization of at least one polymerisable monomer is stated,

C) mixed-arrangement has, and is particularly coated with the anode active material particles of polymer formed by the polymerization, especially Silicon particle and at least one other electrode component and

D) by the mixture（Such as pass through blade coating）It is processed into anode.

Mixing in method and step a) and the polymerization in method and step b) optionally can be at least one solvents It carries out.After the polymerization or after method and step b), such as before method and step c) or in method and step d) mistakes In journey or later, at least one solvent can and then be removed again.

In another embodiment（Particularly wherein described at least one polymerisable monomer is equably lived with the anode Property material granule, especially silicon particle and other electrode components polymerization（Method 2））, by the anode active material particles, especially Silicon particle is mixed at least one other electrode component and at least one polymerisable monomer.In this way it is possible to It is in situ to carry out the polymerization, particularly directly mixing（Such as slurry）During, it is used to form anode.In such case Under, it can be mutually mixed the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle, at least one other electrode component simultaneously With at least one polymerisable monomer.It can also optionally, however be mutually mixed the anode active material particles first, especially Its silicon particle and at least one electrode component and at least one polymerisable monomer is then added in into the mixture.

In an embodiment of the embodiment, after blending, it is described polymerization by（Such as pass through addition）Institute It states at least one polymerization initiator and causes.Particularly, the polymerization herein can be by（Such as pass through addition）It is described at least A kind of polymerization initiator and at least one catalyst and/or at least one polymerization control agent, such as described at least one The mediator of kind of nitrogen oxides base and/or at least one thio-compounds and cause.In at least one polymerisable monomer Polymerization after, then can by the mixture for example by blade coating be processed into anode.Therefore, it can be advantageous to reduce processing step Rapid quantity and the method that simplifies in this way.In addition, the polymer formed by least one polymerisable monomer exists This is also used as the adhesive of anode to be prepared.Optionally, other adhesive can not be had to add in herein as other Electrode component.

For example, the method can include following method and step herein：

A' anode active material particles) are mixed, especially silicon particle and at least one other electrode component and at least one can gather Monomer is closed, especially mixes the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle and at least one other electrode component and described At least one polymerisable monomer,

B') by（Such as pass through addition）At least one polymerization initiator, especially described at least one polymerization initiator, such as by means of It helps（Such as pass through addition）At least one polymerization initiator and at least one catalyst and/or at least one are poly- Close controlling agent, for example, the mediator of at least one nitrogen oxides base and/or at least one thio-compounds and cause institute State at least one polymerisable monomer polymerization and

C') by the mixture（Such as pass through blade coating）It is processed into anode.

Optionally, in method and step a') at least one polymerisable monomer can be added to active material of positive electrode In particle, the especially mixture of silicon particle and at least one other electrode component.

In method and step a') in mixing and in method and step b') in polymerization especially can be at least one solvent It carries out.After the polymerization or in method and step b') after, such as in method and step c') before or during or later, At least one solvent can and then be removed again.

In another embodiment, by the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle with it is at least one other It electrode component and is mixed at least one polymerisable monomer and at least one polymerization initiator, and by the mixture Such as anode is processed by blade coating.The mixing and processing preferably carry out under the following conditions herein：Such as particularly low At a temperature of and/or in the case of there is no light, wherein it is described at least one polymerization initiator（Especially at least substantially） The polymerisation is not caused.After mixture is processed into anode, then cause polymerization, it is described mixed especially by radiating Object is closed, such as is irradiated with ultraviolet light, such as with UV lamp and/or by warming or heating the mixture.

Therefore, it can be advantageous to be further reduced the quantity of procedure of processing and be further simplified the method.It is in addition, described The polymer formed by least one polymerisable monomer may also serve as the adhesive of anode to be prepared herein.Optionally, Therefore other adhesive can also not be had to add in herein as other electrode components.It in addition, in this way can be with processed The form crossed forms the polymer, and curing is realized advantageously in the form of processed.

For example, the method can include following method and step herein：

A'' anode active material particles) are mixed, especially silicon particle, at least one other electrode component, at least one can gather Monomer and at least one polymerization initiator are closed, particularly mixes the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle, it is at least one Other electrode components, at least one polymerisable monomer and at least one polymerization initiator and for example described at least one Kind of catalyst and/or at least one polymerization control agent, such as the mediator of at least one nitrogen oxides base and/or described At least one thio-compounds；

B'') by the mixture（Such as pass through blade coating）It is processed into anode；With

C'' it) by radiating the mixture, is particularly irradiated with ultraviolet light and/or by warming or heating the mixture And cause the polymerization of at least one polymerisable monomer.

For example, in method and step a'') in can be with（Such as first）By at least one polymerisable monomer and（Such as so Afterwards）At least one polymerization initiator is added to anode active material particles, especially silicon particle and it is described it is at least one its In the mixture of its electrode component.

In method and step a'') in mixing, in method and step b'') in processing and in method and step c'') in polymerization It can especially be carried out at least one solvent.After the polymerization or in method and step c'') after, it can then again Remove at least one solvent.

In the above-described embodiment, at least one other electrode component can include at least one carbon component, example Such as graphite and/or conductive black and/or at least one（It is optionally other such as compatible）Adhesive, such as carboxymethyl cellulose Plain (CMC) and/or carboxymethyl cellulose-salt, such as lithium-carboxymethyl cellulose (LiCMC) and/or sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and/or potassium-carboxymethyl cellulose (KCMC) and/or polyacrylic acid (PAA) and/or polyacrylic acid-salt, as lithium- Polyacrylic acid (LiPAA) and/or sodium-polyacrylic acid (NaPAA) and/or potassium-polyacrylic acid (KPAA) and/or polyvinyl Alcohol (PVAL) and/or styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) and/or at least one solvent.

Particularly, at least one（It is optionally other）Adhesive can have carboxylic acid group (- COOH) and/or hydroxyl Base (- OH).For example, at least one（It is optionally other）Adhesive can include or polyacrylic acid (PAA) and/or carboxylic Methylcellulose (CMC) and/or polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL).

Particularly, at least one polymerisable monomer and/or the polymerization formed by least one polymerisable monomer Object can have carboxylic acid group (- COOH) and/or hydroxyl (- OH) herein.For example, at least one polymerisable monomer can be with Including or acrylic acid and/or vinyl acetate and/or the polymer formed by least one polymerisable monomer can wrap It includes or polyacrylic acid (PAA) based polyalcohol that is obtained by acroleic acid polymerization and/or by vinyl acetate polyisocyanate polyaddition and then The polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) that saponification obtains.

If at least one（It is optionally other）Adhesive and at least one polymerisable monomer and/or it is described by The polymer that at least one monomer is formed all comprising carboxylic acid group (- COOH) and/or hydroxyl (- OH), then can advantageously make Be disposed with, such as the anode active material particles coated with the polymer, especially silicon particle by polycondensation reaction covalently with At least one adhesive combines.By the condensation reaction between two carboxylic acid groups, acid anhydrides-chemical combination can be obtained herein Object.By the condensation reaction between carboxylic acid group and hydroxyl, ester-compound can be obtained herein.By between two hydroxyls Condensation reaction can obtain ether-compound herein.

For example, be disposed with the polymer based on polyacrylic acid silicon particle (Si-PAA) can according to the following formula with as viscous The polyacrylic acid (PAA) and/or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) of mixture are anti-by being condensed It should covalently combine：

Si-PAA + PAA：- COOH+- COOH → acid anhydrides-compound

Si-PAA + CMC：- COOH+- COOH → acid anhydrides-compound

Si-PAA + PVAL：- COOH+- OH → ester-compound.

Optionally（Particularly in above-mentioned embodiment, wherein the polymer formed by polymerisable monomer can also be used Make adhesive）, can not have to add at least one（It is particularly other）Adhesive is as other electrode components or by institute Stating at least one other electrode component can also optionally be configured to without adhesive.

However, it is also possible to（Such as in order to improve the mechanical stability of anode to be formed and/or transmitable）Using extremely Few one kind（Such as it is other, it is particularly different from the polymer formed by the polymerisable monomer）Adhesive is as other Electrode component.

Optionally, at least one solvent used in polymerization is also used as electrode component, such as be used to form Electrode slurry.Therefore, other solvent can not optionally be had to add in as other electrode components.

Notably, however（For example, if remove at least one solvent again after the polymerization）, then can use It is at least one（It is particularly different from the solvent of the polymerization）Solvent is as other electrode components.

About other technical characteristics and advantage of the method for the present invention, herein referring specifically to the anode activity material with the present invention The battery and/or battery pack of material, the anode of the present invention and the present invention are relevant to be illustrated and with reference to attached drawing and description of the drawings.

Other themes of the present invention are lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, particularly lithium ion battery and/or lithium ion battery The active material of positive electrode and/or anode of group are prepared by the method for the present invention.

Active material of positive electrode of the invention or prepared in accordance with the present invention, for example, it is described by least one polymerisable monomer The polymer of formation, for example, polymerized thylene carbonate vinyl acetate and/or the present invention's or anode prepared in accordance with the present invention can be as follows Detection：Such as pass through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（NMR）And/or infra-red sepectrometry（IR）And/or Raman spectroscopy（Raman）.This Outside, active material of positive electrode either prepared in accordance with the present invention of the invention and/or the present invention or it is prepared in accordance with the present invention Anode can detect as follows：Such as pass through surface analysis method, such as Auger electron spectroscopy（AES）And/or x-ray photoelectron energy Spectrometry（XPS, English：X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy）And/or flight time-secondary ion-mass spectrography （TOF-SIMS, English：Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry）And/or energy dispersion X Ray spectroscopy（EDX, English：Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy）And/or wavelength-dispersion type X ray Spectroscopic methodology（WDX）, such as EDX/WDX and/or pass through structure analysis method, such as transmission electron microscopy（TEM）And/or pass through Cross-sectional analysis, such as scanning electron microscopy（REM）（SEM；English：Scanning Electron Microscope）And/or Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopic methodology（EDX, English：Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy）, such as REM- EDX and/or transmission electron microscopy（TEM）And/or electron energy loss spectroscopic methodology（EELS；English：Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy）, such as TEM-EELS.Therefore, the mistake for example contained in ATRP- catalyst can mainly be detected Cross the mediator of metal and/or nitrogen oxides base, such as TEMPO and/or RAFT- chemicals.

The other technical characteristics and advantage of the anode of the active material of positive electrode and present invention about the present invention, herein clearly With reference to the relevant elaboration of battery and/or battery pack of the method with the present invention and the present invention and with reference to attached drawing and description of the drawings.

The invention further relates to lithium battery and/or lithium battery groups, especially lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles, lead to The method for crossing the present invention prepares and/or the anode including active material of positive electrode of the invention and/or the present invention.

About the present invention battery and/or battery pack other technical characteristics and advantage, herein referring specifically to this hair The relevant elaboration of anode of bright method, the active material of positive electrode of the present invention and the present invention and with reference to attached drawing and description of the drawings.

Description of the drawings

The further advantage and advantageous embodiment of subject of the present invention shown by the drawings and specific embodiments, and It explains in the following description.It should be noted that the drawings and specific embodiments only have descriptive characteristics, it is not intended to It limit the invention in any way.

Fig. 1 a show for show preparation in accordance with the present invention an embodiment flow chart；

Fig. 1 b schematically show the cross section of anode, the anode according in fig 1 a it is shown according to the method for the present invention Embodiment and prepare；

Fig. 2 a show for show preparation in accordance with the present invention another embodiment flow chart；With

Fig. 2 b schematically show the cross section of anode, the anode according in fig. 2 a it is shown according to the method for the present invention Another embodiment and prepare.

Fig. 1 a and 2a are illustrated, in the anode activity material according to the present invention for being used to prepare lithium battery and/or lithium battery group Material and/or the active material of positive electrode and/or anode of anode 100,100', particularly lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles In 100,100' method, make anode active material particles, silicon particle 1 and can especially be polymerize by active free radical polymerization At least one polymerisable monomer 2 mix, the polymerization of at least one polymerisable monomer 2 is by for causing living radical At least one polymerization initiator 3 of polymerization polymerize especially by adding in for causing at least one of active free radical polymerization Initiator 3 and cause.The active free radical polymerization especially can be atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP) herein Or stable free radical polymerization (SFRP), such as the polymerization (NMP) of nitrogen oxides mediation or the polymerization of Verdazyl- mediations (VMP) or reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT).

In the case of atom transfer active free radical polymerization (ATRP), at least one polymerization initiator 3 can To be used comprising alkyl halide, and at least one catalyst combination, the catalyst is including transition metal halide and extremely Few a kind of ligand, particularly nitrogen ligand are formed by it.

At stable free radical polymerization (SFRP), the polymerization (NMP) of particularly nitrogen oxides mediation or reversible addition-disconnected Split-chain tra nsfer-polymerization (RAFT) in the case of, it is described at least one polymerization initiator 3 can be radical initiator, and And it is applied in combination especially at least one mediator, the particularly mediator of nitrogen oxides base or at least one thio-compounds.

At least one polymerisable monomer 2 can be mainly polymerizable organic carbonate, such as vinylene carbonate Ester (VC) and/or vinylethylene carbonate (VEC) and/or polymerizable organic acid anhydride, such as maleic anhydride.

For example, vinylene carbonate (VC) can be by adding in polymerization initiator, such as radical initiator, such as occasionally Nitrogen isobutyronitrile (AIBN) and/or benzoyl peroxide (BPO), polymerize to obtain polymerized thylene carbonate ethylene by free radical polymerization Ester, wherein under the specific condition of active free radical polymerization, such as ATRP, it can be by alkyl halide (RX) and by transition gold Belong to the catalyst combination that halide (MX) and ligand (L) are formed to use, alternatively, such as NMP, can cause free radical Agent, if the mediator (TEMPO) of AIBN and nitrogen oxides base are applied in combination, alternatively, such as RAFT, can cause free radical Agent, as AIBN and thio-compounds (Thio) are applied in combination：

。

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 a displayings, in method and step a), make anode active material particles, especially silicon particle 1 It is mixed at least one polymerisable monomer 2, such as vinylene carbonate.By adding at least one polymerization initiator 3 and in side Cause the polymerization of at least one polymerisable monomer 2 in method step b).In order to preferably control generated polymer 20 Molecular weight, the polymerization can carry out in a solvent（Polymerisation in solution）, which for example removes again after polymerisation.This In the case of, as shown in Figure 1b, the anode active material particles, especially silicon particle 1 are coated with by the polymerization The polymer 20 of formation.The anode active material particles of coating, especially silicon particle 1,20 then in method and step c) with one kind Or a variety of other electrode components, as graphite and/or conductive black 4 and adhesive 5 and/or solvent mix.As in Figure 1b Shown, the adhesive 5 as other electrode components especially can be different from herein it is described formed by polymerisable monomer 2 it is poly- Close object 20.In method and step d), then by mixture 1,20,4,5（Such as it scratches）It is processed into anode 100.

Fig. 1 b are illustrated, and the anode 100 accordingly prepared can include the anode active material particles coated with polymer 20, Especially silicon particle 1 and graphite-and/or conductive black-particle 4, they are embedded in other adhesive 5.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2 a displayings,（During the slurry for being mixed for being formed anode 100'）It is walked in method Rapid a') in, anode active material particles, especially silicon particle 1 and at least one other electrode component and/or are led at such as graphite Electric carbon black 4 and optional adhesive, mix in a solvent.To by anode active material particles, particularly silicon particle 1 and it is described extremely In a kind of mixture of few other electrode components 4, at least one polymerisable monomer 2, such as vinylene carbonate are then added in. Then, in method and step b') in, by least one polymerisable monomer 2 obtain the polymerization of polymer 20 by（Especially through It adds in）At least one polymerization initiator 3 directly causes in slurry mixed process（In-situ polymerization）, and the slurry that will be obtained Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 20 then in method and step c') in, such as scratch and be directly processed into anode 100'.

Fig. 2 b are illustrated, the polymer 20 formed by the polymerisable monomer 2, such as polymerized thylene carbonate vinyl acetate (PVCa), It is also used as adhesive 20 in this embodiment, wherein in the anode 100' accordingly prepared, anode active material particles, Especially silicon particle 1 and graphite-and/or conductive black-particle 4 are embedded in this in 20.

Specific embodiment

By the silicon particle that ATRP preparations are coated with PVCa, embodiment 1

Under a shielding gas, silicon particle and 1.8 g vinylene carbonates are previously added.Then 35 mg are added under a shielding gas Tri- [2- of copper bromide (I) and 112 mg（Dimethylamino）Ethyl] amine (Me6TREN) is used to form catalyst.Make the mixing Object deaerates.Then 36 mg isobutyl bromides methyl esters (MBriB) are added in as polymerization initiator, and the stir about at about 70 DEG C 6 hours.

By the silicon particle that ATRP preparations are coated with PVCa, embodiment 2

Under a shielding gas, silicon particle and 1.8 g vinylene carbonates are previously added.Then 35 mg are added under a shielding gas Tri- [2- of copper bromide (I) and 112 mg（Dimethylamino）Ethyl] amine (Me6TREN) is used to form catalyst.Make the mixing Object deaerates.Then 36 mg benzyl bromides (BnBr) are added in as polymerization initiator, and stir about 6 hours at about 70 DEG C.

The silicon particle that the ATRP preparations caused by surface are coated with PVCa, embodiment 3

Under a shielding gas, by 2 g silicon particles and the 2.7 g 4- in 8.9 g tetrahydrofurans (THF)（Chloromethyl）Benzene Base trichlorosilane (CMPS) mixes under a shielding gas, and is stirred at room temperature 18 hours.

It is previously added 100 mg 4- under a shielding gas（Chloromethyl）The modified silicon of phenyl trichlorosilane (CMPS) Grain.Then, 0.23 g acetonitriles are added under a shielding gas.Then, 0.7 g vinylene carbonates are added under a shielding gas. Then, 23 mg copper chlorides (I) and 60 mg tri- are added under a shielding gas（2- pyridylmethyls）Amine (TPMA) is used to form Catalyst.The mixture is made to deaerate.Then stir about 6 hours at about 70 DEG C.

Claims

1. it is used to prepare lithium battery and/or the active material of positive electrode and/or anode of lithium battery group（100,100'）, particularly lithium from The active material of positive electrode and/or anode of sub- battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles（100,100'）Method and/or be used to prepare The method of lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, particularly lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles, wherein,

Make anode active material particles（1）, especially silicon particle and at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Mixing, wherein it is described extremely A kind of few polymerisable monomer（2）By active free radical polymerization can polymerize and

At least one polymerisable monomer（2）Active free radical polymerization by least one for causing living radical The polymerization initiator of polymerization（3）And cause.

2. according to the method described in claim 1,

Wherein described polymerization is atom transfer active free radical polymerization, wherein at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Pass through original Sub- transfer activity free radical polymerization and can polymerize and wherein described at least one polymerization initiator（3）It sets to cause original Sub- transfer activity free radical polymerization or

Wherein described polymerization is stable free radical polymerization, particularly the polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation, wherein at least one can Polymerized monomer（2）By stable free radical polymerization, can polymerize especially by the polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation and wherein institute State at least one polymerization initiator（3）Setting particularly mediates for causing stable free radical polymerization for causing nitrogen oxides Polymerization or

Wherein described polymerization is reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization, wherein at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Pass through Reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization and can polymerize and wherein described at least one polymerization initiator（3）It sets to draw Send out addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization reversible.

3. method according to claim 1 or 2,

Wherein described at least one polymerization initiator（3）With at least one catalyst combination use, particularly wherein it is described at least A kind of polymerization initiator（3）Including alkyl halide and wherein described at least one catalyst is including transition metal halide and extremely Few a kind of ligand, particularly nitrogen ligand or formed by it or

Wherein described at least one polymerization initiator（3）It is applied in combination at least one polymerization control agent, it is particularly wherein described The mediator of at least one polymerization control agent including at least one nitrogen oxides base or at least one thio-compounds and wherein described At least one polymerization initiator（3）It is radical initiator.

4. according to the method in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein using at least two polymerisable monomers（2）.

5. method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, wherein at least one polymerisable monomer（2）, particularly At least two polymerisable monomer（2）, comprising at least one polymerizable double bond, in particular at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond and/ Or at least one hydroxyl.

6. wherein described at least one polymerisable monomer the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,（2）, particularly At least two polymerisable monomer（2）Including：

At least one polymerizable carboxylic acid and/or

At least one polymerizable carboxylic acid derivates, particularly

At least polymerizable organic carbonate and/or acid anhydrides and/or

At least one carboxylate and/or

At least one carboxylic acid nitriles and/or

At least one ether, especially at least a kind of crown ether and/or at least one crown ether derivative and/or at least one vinyl Ether and/or

The unsaturated hydrocarbons of at least one unsaturated hydrocarbons, especially at least a kind of aliphatic series or aromatics.

7. method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Also include At least one nonfluorinated oxyalkylene group and/or at least one fluorinated alkenyl group and/or at least one fluorination alkoxy and/ Or at least one fluorinated alkyl and/or at least one fluorinated phenyl.

8. method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, wherein at least one polymerisable monomer（2）, particularly At least two polymerisable monomer（2）Including or acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and/or vinylene carbonate and/or Vinylethylene carbonate and/or maleic anhydride and/or poly-（Ethylene glycol）Methyl ether acrylate and/or methyl methacrylate And/or vinyl acetate and/or acrylonitrile and/or at least one polymerizable functional group, particularly with it is at least one can Polymerisable double bond and/or at least one crown ether at least one hydroxyl and/or at least one crown ether derivative and/or trifluoro Vinyl ethers and/or 1,1- difluoroethylenes and/or hexafluoropropene and/or nine fluorine hexenes of 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- and/or 2, 3,4,5,6- pentafluorophenyl groups ethylene and/or 4-（Trifluoromethyl）Phenylethylene and/or styrene and/or its derivative.

9. method according to any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein the anode active material particles（1）Including or Silicon particle and/or graphite particle and/or tin particles, particularly silicon particle.

10. method according to any one of claim 1 to 9, wherein using have at least one polymerizable functional group and/ Or polymerization causes at least one silane compound of functional group and/or polymerization control functional group.

11. according to the method described in claim 10,

Wherein described at least one silane compound（2*）At least one polymerizable functional group by free radical polymerization, particularly By active free radical polymerization, such as by atom transfer active free radical polymerization or by stable free radical polymerization, for example, it is logical Cross the polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation or by reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization can polymerize and/or

Wherein described at least one silane compound（2*）At least one polymerization cause functional group's setting for causing free radical Polymerization, particularly for causing active free radical polymerization, such as cause atom transfer active free radical polymerization and/or

Wherein described at least one silane compound（2*）At least one polymerization control functional group setting for control activity from It is polymerize by base, is particularly used to control stable free radical polymerization, such as controlling the polymerization of nitrogen oxides mediation and/or using In the reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization of control.

12. the method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein at least one silane compound（2*）At least one Polymerizable functional group includes at least one polymerizable double bond, in particular at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.

13. the method according to any one of claim 10 to 12, wherein at least one silane compound（2*）'s At least one polymerization causes functional group and is used at least one catalyst combination, particularly

Wherein described at least one silane compound（2*）At least one polymerization cause functional group and include by least one halogen The alkyl of atom, particularly bromine or chlorine substitution and wherein described at least one catalyst are including transition metal halide and at least A kind of ligand, particularly nitrogen ligand are formed by it.

14. the method according to any one of claim 10 to 13, wherein at least one silane compound（2*）'s At least one polymerization control functional group and at least one polymerization initiator（3）And/or at least one silane compound （2*）At least one polymerization cause combination of functional groups and use, particularly

Wherein described at least one silane compound（2*）At least one polymerization control functional group, particularly for nitrogen oxides The polymerization of mediation, comprising nitroxide groups and/or alkoxyamine groups and/or, particularly for reversible addition-fracture-chain Transfer-polymerization, comprising thio group and wherein described at least one polymerization initiator and/or at least one silane chemical combination Object（2*）At least one polymerization to cause functional group be radical initiator.

15. the method according to any one of claim 10 to 14, wherein at least one silane compound is included extremely A kind of few silane compound of following chemical general formula：

Wherein,

R1, R2, R3 respectively represent halogen atom or alkoxy or alkyl or amino or silazane group or hydroxyl independently of one another Or hydrogen,

Y represents linking group, and particularly wherein Y is comprising at least one alkylidene and/or at least one oxyalkylene group and/or extremely A few carboxylate group and/or at least one phenylene and

A represents polymerizable functional group and/or polymerization causes functional group and/or polymerization control functional group.

16. according to the method for claim 15,

Wherein, A represents the polymerizable functional group at least one polymerizable double bond, particularly vinyl or 1,1- ethenylidene Or 1,2- ethenylidene or acrylate group or methacrylate group or

Wherein, A represent for cause the polymerization of atom transfer active free radical polymerization cause functional group, particularly bromine or chlorine or

Wherein, A represent for nitrogen oxides mediation polymerization polymerization control functional group, particularly nitroxide groups and/or Alkoxyamine groups represent to control functional group, particularly thio group for the polymerization of reversible addition-fracture-chain tra nsfer-polymerization Group.

17. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 16, wherein at least one polymerization initiator（3）Including Or cause at least one silane compound of functional group at least one polymerization（2*）.

18. the method according to any one of claim 6 to 17, wherein at least one crown ether and/or at least one Crown ether derivative includes the crown ether or crown ether derivative of following chemical general formula：

Wherein, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Qk respectively represent oxygen or nitrogen or amine, particularly oxygen independently of one another,

Wherein, G represents at least one polymerizable functional group, and particularly wherein G includes at least one vinyl and/or at least one 1,1- ethenylidene and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl and/or at least one hydroxyl, it is special It is not that wherein G further includes at least one benzo groups and/or hexamethylene and group,

Wherein, g represent polymerizable functional group G quantity and

Wherein, k represents the quantity of unit in bracket.

19. according to the method for claim 18, wherein at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether derivative packet Include the crown ether or crown ether derivative of following chemical general formula：

Wherein, G' represents at least one polymerizable functional group, in particular at least one vinyl and/or at least one 1,1- Asias second Alkenyl and/or at least one 1,2- ethenylidenes and/or at least one pi-allyl and/or at least one hydroxyl and wherein 1≤ g'。

20. the method according to any one of claim 6 to 19, wherein at least one silane compound is included at least A kind of crown ether base silane compound of following chemical general formula and/or at least one crown ether and/or at least one crown ether derive Object includes the crown ether or crown ether derivative of following chemical general formula：

Wherein

Q1, Q2, Q3 and Qk respectively represent oxygen or nitrogen or amine independently of one another,

K represents the quantity of unit in bracket,

G represents at least one polymerizable functional group, and particularly wherein G includes at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, in particular at least one Vinyl and/or 1,1- ethenylidene and/or 1,2- ethenylidene and/or pi-allyl and/or at least one hydroxyl,

G represents the quantity of polymerizable functional group G,

Y' represents linking group, particularly-C_nH_2n, wherein n=1 or 2 or 3 and

S represents the quantity of silane group, especially by the quantity of the linking group Y' silane groups combined.

21. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 20, wherein making described be disposed with through the polymerization or anti- The polymer that should be formed（20）Anode active material particles, especially silicon particle（1,20）With at least one other electrode component （4）Mix and be processed into anode（100）, particularly wherein the method includes method and steps：

a）Mix the anode active material particles（1）, especially silicon particle and at least one polymerisable monomer（2）,

b）By adding at least one polymerization initiator（3）, especially by addition at least one polymerization initiator （3）It is thio with the mediator and/or at least one of at least one catalyst and/or at least one nitrogen oxides base Compound and cause at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Polymerization,

c）The polymer formed by the polymerization is disposed with described in mixing（20）Anode active material particles, especially silicon Grain（1,20）With at least one other electrode component（4）And

d）By mixture（1,20,4）It is processed into anode（100）.

22. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 20, wherein making the anode active material particles（1）, especially Silicon particle and at least one other electrode component（4）With at least one polymerisable monomer（2）Mixing, and described At least one polymerisable monomer（2）Polymerization after be processed into anode（100'）, particularly wherein the method includes method steps Suddenly：

a'）Mix the anode active material particles（1）, especially silicon particle and at least one other electrode component（4）And institute State at least one polymerisable monomer（2）,

b'）By adding at least one polymerization initiator（3）, cause especially by least one polymerization is added in Agent（3）With the mediator and/or at least one sulphur of at least one catalyst and/or at least one nitrogen oxides base Cause at least one polymerisable monomer for compound（2）Polymerization and

c'）By mixture（1,4,20）It is processed into anode（100'）.

23. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 20, wherein making the anode active material particles（1）, especially Silicon particle and at least one other electrode component（4）With at least one polymerisable monomer（2）With at least one Polymerization initiator（3）Mixing, and by mixture（1,2,3,4）Anode is processed into, wherein by mixture（1,2,3,4）Processing Into after anode, especially by radiation and/or by heating the mixture（1,2,3,4）, cause the polymerization, particularly Wherein the method includes method and steps：

a''）Mix the anode active material particles（1）, especially silicon particle, at least one other electrode component（4）, institute State at least one polymerisable monomer（2）With at least one polymerization initiator（3）, particularly at least one catalyst And/or mediator and/or at least one thio-compounds of at least one nitrogen oxides base；

b''）By mixture（1,2,3,4）, especially by blade coating, it is processed into anode；With

c''）By radiation and/or by heating the mixture（1,2,3,4）And cause at least one polymerisable monomer （2）Polymerization.

24. the method according to any one of claim 21 to 23, wherein at least one other electrode component（4） Including at least one carbon component（4）And/or at least one adhesive（5）And/or at least one solvent.

25. the active material of positive electrode and/or anode of lithium battery and/or lithium battery group（100,100'）, particularly lithium ion battery And/or the active material of positive electrode and/or anode of Li-ion batteries piles（100,100'）, by according in claim 1 to 24 It is prepared by any one of them method.

26. lithium battery and/or lithium battery group, particularly lithium ion battery and/or Li-ion batteries piles, by being wanted according to right The method described in any one of 1 to 24 is asked to prepare and/or including active material of positive electrode according to claim 25 and/or sun Pole（100,100'）.