CN108068607A - 混合动力变速驱动桥 - Google Patents

混合动力变速驱动桥 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108068607A
CN108068607A CN201711113141.4A CN201711113141A CN108068607A CN 108068607 A CN108068607 A CN 108068607A CN 201711113141 A CN201711113141 A CN 201711113141A CN 108068607 A CN108068607 A CN 108068607A
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
axis
fixedly joined
axle
motor
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戴维·艾伦·贾森
格雷戈里·丹尼尔·格莱斯基
大卫·戈恩·吴
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
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    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

本公开涉及混合动力变速驱动桥。两种混合动力变速驱动桥允许将牵引马达定位在更有利的位置，以降低乘员在车辆碰撞中受伤的风险。每个变速驱动桥利用保持方向的动力传递机构来将动力从牵引马达传递到中间轴，以使中间轴与牵引马达沿相同方向旋转。与使用单个齿轮副或者在输入轴线上使用齿轮装置的机构来定位牵引马达轴线相比，所述动力传递机构中的每个允许更自由地定位牵引马达轴线。

Description

混合动力变速驱动桥
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆传动装置的领域。更具体地，本公开涉及混合动力变速驱动桥中的部件的布置。
背景技术
混合动力动力传动系包括诸如电池的能量储存装置，所述能量储存装置用于通过捕获制动能量和通过允许更高效地使用内燃发动机来降低燃料消耗。在车辆静止时可关闭发动机。另外，发动机可在发动机通常更高效的更高的功率设定下运转，然后，可在车辆正在运动的一部分时间内关闭发动机。
一种类型的混合动力动力传动系是电动动力分流式混合动力动力传动系。在低速下，行星齿轮组将通过内燃发动机产生的机械动力划分成两个动力流动路径。一部分动力通过齿轮、链条或其他机械动力传递部件而被传输到驱动轮。其余的动力被引导至电机并被转换为电力。该电机通常被称为发电机，但是它也能够将电力转换为机械动力。另一电机驱动驱动轮。该另一电机通常被称为牵引马达，但是它也能够将机械动力转换成电力。在一些运转模式下，来自发电机的所有电力都流动到牵引马达。在另一些运转模式下，一些电力可被转移至电池。在又一些运转模式下，电池可补充电力。
在前轮驱动式混合动力变速驱动桥中，发动机曲轴围绕相对于车桥轴线偏移并大体上平行于该车桥轴线的轴线旋转。变速驱动桥包括位于车桥轴线上的差速器，该差速器在左半轴和右半轴之间分配动力，在车辆转弯时，左半轴和右半轴可以以略微不同的转速旋转。变速驱动桥的可用空间受发动机室的尺寸和由发动机占据的空间的限制。由于考虑到空间中的物体在碰撞过程中将如何撞击乘客室，所以即使是可能没有被其他部件占据的空间也可能是不可用的。
发明内容
一种混合动力变速驱动桥包括行星齿轮组、中间轴、第一电机、第二电机以及保持方向的动力传递机构。行星齿轮组布置在第一轴线上，并包括固定地结合到第一电机的太阳齿轮、固定地结合到输入轴的齿轮架以及固定地结合到第一齿轮的环形齿轮。中间轴布置在相对于第一轴线偏移的第二轴线上并固定地结合到与第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮。第二电机布置在相对于第一轴线和第二轴线偏移的第三轴线上。保持方向的动力传递机构在绕过第一轴线的同时将第二电机可驱动地连接到中间轴。例如，所述保持方向的动力传递机构可以包括：第一链轮，固定地结合到第二电机；第二链轮，固定地结合到中间轴；链条，接合第一链轮和第二链轮。再例如，所述保持方向的动力传递机构可以是齿轮三重体，所述齿轮三重体包括：惰轮，被支撑为围绕相对于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线偏移的第四轴线旋转；第三齿轮，固定地结合到第二电机；以及第四齿轮，固定地结合到中间轴，其中，第三齿轮和第四齿轮均与惰轮啮合。差速器可布置在相对于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线偏移的第五轴线上。第五齿轮可固定地结合到中间轴，并可与固定地结合到差速器的座架的第六齿轮啮合。
在另一实施例中，一种混合动力变速驱动桥包括行星齿轮组、中间轴、第一电机、第二电机、差速器以及保持方向的动力传递机构。行星齿轮组布置在第一轴线上，并包括固定地结合到第一电机的第一元件、固定地结合到输入轴的第二元件以及固定地结合到第一齿轮的第三元件。例如，第一元件可以是太阳齿轮，第二元件可以是齿轮架，第三元件可以是环形齿轮。中间轴布置在第二轴线上并固定地结合到与第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮。第三齿轮也固定地结合到中间轴。第二电机布置在第三轴线上并且差速器布置在第四轴线上。与第三齿轮啮合的第四齿轮固定地结合到差速器的座架。保持方向的动力传递机构在绕过第一轴线的同时将第二电机可驱动地连接到中间轴。例如，所述保持方向的动力传递机构可以包括：第一链轮，固定地结合到第二电机；第二链轮，固定地结合到中间轴；链条，接合第一链轮和第二链轮。再例如，所述保持方向的动力传递机构可以是齿轮三重体，所述齿轮三重体包括：惰轮，被支撑为围绕第五轴线旋转；第五齿轮，固定地结合到第二电机；以及第六齿轮，固定地结合到中间轴，其中，第五齿轮和第六齿轮均与惰轮啮合。
在又一实施例中，一种混合动力变速驱动桥包括行星齿轮组、中间轴、第一电机、第二电机、第一链轮、第二链轮以及链条。行星齿轮组包括固定地结合到第一电机的太阳齿轮、固定地结合到输入轴的齿轮架以及固定地结合到第一齿轮的环形齿轮。中间轴固定地结合到第一链轮并固定地结合到与第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮。第二链轮固定地结合到第二电机。链条接合第一链轮和第二链轮两者。所述混合动力变速驱动桥还可包括第三齿轮，第三齿轮固定地结合到中间轴并与固定地结合到差速器座架的第四齿轮啮合。这些部件可围绕四个偏移的轴线被支撑。具体地，第一电机可被支撑在第一轴线上，第二电机可被支撑在第二轴线上，中间轴可被支撑在第三轴线上，差速器座架可被支撑在第四轴线上
附图说明
图1是利用链条和链轮将动力从牵引马达传递到中间轴的四轴线动力分流式混合动力变速驱动桥的示意图。
图2是图1的变速驱动桥的端视图。
图3是利用齿轮三重体(gear triple)将动力从牵引马达传递到中间轴的五轴线动力分流式混合动力变速驱动桥的示意图。
图4是图3的变速驱动桥的端视图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应当理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例，其它实施例可采取多种和可替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定部件的细节。因此，此处所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参照任一附图示出和描述的各个特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式。
如果一组可旋转的元件被约束为在所有工况下均具有围绕相同轴线的相同转速，则该组可旋转的元件彼此固定地结合。可通过例如花键连接、焊接、压装或由同一实体机加工来使可旋转的元件固定地结合。固定地结合的元件之间可能出现旋转位移的轻微变化，比如由于间隙或轴柔量所产生的位移。相比之下，两个或更多个可旋转的元件通过换挡元件选择性地结合，每当换挡元件完全接合时换挡元件便将所述两个或更多个可旋转的元件约束为具有围绕相同轴线的相同转速，并且在至少一些其它工况下它们自由地具有不同的转速。如果两个可旋转的元件通过将其转速约束为与预定的传动比成比例的动力流动路径来连接，则这两个可旋转的元件被可驱动地连接。如果动力流动路径在所有工况下都被建立，则部件被固定地可驱动地连接。如果动力流动路径仅在一个或更多个换挡元件接合时才被建立，则部件被选择性地可驱动地连接。
图1和图2示出了用于动力分流式混合动力变速驱动桥的运动学装置。在输入轴10处提供来自内燃发动机的动力。在相对低的车速下，该动力通过行星齿轮组12而被分流成两个动力流动路径。一个动力流动路径完全为机械式的。在另一动力流动路径中，机械动力通过发电机14转换为电力，然后通过牵引马达16转换回机械动力。在一些工况下，该电力流动路径中的一些电力可被转移到电池以供后续使用。在另一些工况下，来自电池的电力可被添加到电力流动路径。这两个动力流动路径的动力在经由差速器20被传送至车轮之前在中间轴18处结合。发电机14和牵引马达16都是能够将机械动力转换为电力以及将电力转换为机械动力的可逆电机。它们可以是例如经由对应的逆变器连接到DC总线的同步AC马达。在较高的车速下，在电力流动路径中，电力可以沿相反的方向流动，以建立再循环的动力状况。
行星齿轮组12的齿轮架22固定地结合到输入轴10。太阳齿轮24固定地结合到发电机14的转子。环形齿轮26固定地结合到第一齿轮28。在可选实施例中，可调换这些连接中的一些，比如，将第一齿轮连接到齿轮架而将输入轴连接到环形齿轮。输入轴10、发电机14的转子、第一齿轮28、太阳齿轮24、齿轮架22以及环形齿轮26都被支撑为围绕第一轴线旋转。一组行星齿轮30被支撑为相对于齿轮架22旋转并与太阳齿轮24和环形齿轮26两者啮合。
中间轴18被支撑为围绕平行于第一轴线并相对于第一轴线偏移的第二轴线旋转。第二齿轮32固定地结合到中间轴18并与第一齿轮28啮合。第一齿轮28和第二齿轮32构成机械动力流动路径。牵引马达16的转子被支撑为围绕平行于第一轴线和第二轴线并相对于第一轴线和第二轴线偏移的第三轴线旋转。第一链轮34固定地结合到牵引马达16的转子轴36。第二链轮38固定地结合到中间轴18。链条40接合第一链轮和第二链轮以将机械动力从牵引马达传递到中间轴。第二链轮38的直径比第一链轮34的直径大很多，从而消除对其他扭矩倍增部件的需要。
第三齿轮42固定地结合到中间轴18并与第四齿轮44啮合。第四齿轮44固定地结合到差速器20的座架46。若干锥形行星齿轮48被支撑为相对于差速器座架46旋转。每个锥形行星齿轮与左锥形半轴齿轮50和右锥形半轴齿轮52两者啮合。左锥形半轴齿轮50和右锥形半轴齿轮52分别固定地结合到左半轴54和右半轴56，以将动力传递到左车轮和右车轮。第四齿轮44、差速器座架46、左锥形半轴齿轮50以及右锥形半轴齿轮52都被支撑为围绕第四轴线旋转。左半轴54和右半轴56可包括万向节，以适应第四轴线与左右车轮的旋转轴线之间的轻微的差异。
通常，使变速驱动桥在径向方向和轴向方向上都是紧凑的将是有利的。然而，第一轴线、第二轴线以及第三轴线的相对位置必须满足若干约束条件。将发电机和牵引马达放置在相同的轴向位置处减小了变速驱动桥的轴向长度。为了将它们并排放置，第一轴线和第三轴线之间的间距必须是足够的。当齿轮被用于在轴线之间传递动力时，齿轮的直径与轴线之间的距离相关。为了提供扭矩倍增，从动齿轮必须比主动齿轮大很多。除非轴线间隔远或者不同轴线上的部件轴向地交替布置，否则大的从动齿轮会与其他轴线上的部件干涉。另一方面，无论在发动机罩下(underhood)车辆环境中何处的空间是可用的，使用链条和链轮都允许更自由地设置轴线。因此，与在使用中间轴齿轮副来将动力传递到中间轴的情况下牵引马达16可被放置的位置相比，在图1和图2的装置中牵引马达16可被放置得更加靠前。对车辆碰撞情形的模拟已表明：将牵引马达设置得更加靠前降低了乘员在事故中受伤的风险。
经由链条和链轮被可驱动地连接的部件沿彼此相同的方向旋转。另一方面，类似于齿轮28和32或者齿轮42和44的中间轴齿轮副使旋转方向反向。因此，牵引马达16沿车轮的相反方向旋转。对于类似于内燃发动机的动力源，这样的方向反向将妨碍适当的操作。然而，由于电机在每个方向上均具有近乎相同的特性，所以这不是问题。
图3和图4示出了用于动力分流式混合动力变速驱动桥的替代的运动学装置。使用中间轴齿轮三重体来取代图1和图2的链轮和链条组件。齿轮60固定地结合到牵引马达转子轴36。惰轮62被支撑为围绕第五轴线旋转并与齿轮60啮合。齿轮64固定地结合到中间轴18并与惰轮62啮合，如图3中的虚线所指示的。类似于链条和链轮组件，齿轮三重体是保持方向的动力传递机构。同样类似于链条和链轮组件，中间轴齿轮三重体能够在牵引马达16的旋转轴线与中间轴18的旋转轴线之间跨过相对较大的距离，从而允许牵引马达16被更加靠前地放置在车辆中。
虽然上文描述了示例性实施例，但并非意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求所包含的所有可能的形式。说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述，可将各种实施例的特征组合以形成本发明的可能没有被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管各种实施例可能已被描述为在一个或更多个期望的特性方面提供优点或者优于其它实施例或现有技术实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，根据具体应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷，以实现期望的总体***属性。因此，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外，并可被期望用于特定应用。

Claims (11)

1.一种混合动力变速驱动桥，包括：
行星齿轮组，布置在第一轴线上，并具有固定地结合到第一电机的太阳齿轮、固定地结合到输入轴的齿轮架以及固定地结合到第一齿轮的环形齿轮；
中间轴，布置在相对于第一轴线偏移的第二轴线上，并固定地结合到与第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮；
第二电机，布置在相对于第一轴线和第二轴线偏移的第三轴线上；和
保持方向的动力传递机构，将第二电机可驱动地连接到中间轴并绕过第一轴线。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，其中，所述保持方向的动力传递机构包括：
第一链轮，固定地结合到第二电机；
第二链轮，固定地结合到中间轴；和
链条，接合第一链轮和第二链轮。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，其中，所述保持方向的动力传递机构包括：
惰轮，被支撑为围绕相对于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线偏移的第四轴线旋转；
第三齿轮，固定地结合到第二电机并与惰轮啮合；和
第四齿轮，固定地结合到中间轴并与惰轮啮合。
4.如权利要求1所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，进一步包括：
第五齿轮，固定地结合到中间轴；
差速器，布置在相对于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线偏移的第五轴线上；和
第六齿轮，固定地结合到差速器的座架并与第五齿轮啮合。
5.一种混合动力变速驱动桥，包括：
行星齿轮组，布置在第一轴线上，并具有固定地结合到第一电机的第一元件、固定地结合到输入轴的第二元件以及固定地结合到第一齿轮的第三元件；
中间轴，布置在相对于第一轴线偏移的第二轴线上，并固定地结合到第二齿轮和第三齿轮，第二齿轮与第一齿轮啮合；
第二电机，布置在相对于第一轴线和第二轴线偏移的第三轴线上；
差速器，布置在相对于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线偏移的第四轴线上；
第四齿轮，固定地结合到差速器的座架并与第三齿轮啮合；和
保持方向的动力传递机构，将第二电机可驱动地连接到中间轴并绕过第一轴线。
6.如权利要求5所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，其中：
第一元件是太阳齿轮；
第二元件是齿轮架；并且
第三元件是环形齿轮。
7.如权利要求5所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，其中，所述保持方向的动力传递机构包括：
第一链轮，固定地结合到第二电机；
第二链轮，固定地结合到中间轴；和
链条，接合第一链轮和第二链轮。
8.如权利要求5所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，其中，所述保持方向的动力传递机构包括：
惰轮，被支撑为围绕相对于第一轴线、第二轴线、第三轴线和第四轴线偏移的第五轴线旋转；
第五齿轮，固定地结合到第二电机并与惰轮啮合；和
第六齿轮，固定地结合到中间轴并与惰轮啮合。
9.一种混合动力变速驱动桥，包括：
行星齿轮组，具有固定地结合到第一电机的太阳齿轮、固定地结合到输入轴的齿轮架以及固定地结合到第一齿轮的环形齿轮；
中间轴，固定地结合到第一链轮并固定地结合到与第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮；
第二电机，固定地结合到第二链轮；和
链条，接合第一链轮和第二链轮。
10.如权利要求9所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，进一步包括第三齿轮，第三齿轮固定地结合到中间轴，并与固定地结合到差速器座架的第四齿轮啮合。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合动力变速驱动桥，其中：
第一电机被支撑在第一轴线上；
第二电机被支撑在平行于第一轴线并相对于第一轴线偏移的第二轴线上；
中间轴被支撑在平行于第一轴线和第二轴线并相对于第一轴线和第二轴线偏移的第三轴线上；和
差速器座架被支撑在平行于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线并相对于第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线偏移的第四轴线上。
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