CN108017381B - 一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN108017381B
CN108017381B CN201711140916.7A CN201711140916A CN108017381B CN 108017381 B CN108017381 B CN 108017381B CN 201711140916 A CN201711140916 A CN 201711140916A CN 108017381 B CN108017381 B CN 108017381B
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叶华
丁伯明
胡良权
吕舒宏
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Hengdian Group DMEGC Magnetics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于磁性材料领域,尤其是涉及一种低松装密度的永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法。本发明的主要方法是在磁粉的制造工艺中,采取低温预烧,降低预烧料的粉体密度,在二次掺杂时,通过添加一定量的Al2O3和H3BO3,也可以使松装密度有进一步的降低。

Description

一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于磁性材料领域,尤其是涉及一种低松装密度的永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法。
背景技术
现有的干压异性铁氧体磁体的制造方法中,制约剩磁提高的主要因素就是干压磁性颗粒的磁场取向度,当前和已经成熟的湿压异性铁氧体相比,干压产品的剩磁基本上只有同类湿压产品的80%~90%。为了提高干压磁性颗粒的磁场取向度,其中一个途径就是降低磁粉的松装密度,使各个磁性颗粒有充分的空间可以自由转动,以便在磁场的取向下,磁性颗粒能够沿着磁场方向一致排列。因此,如何降低干压异性磁粉的松装密度,是一个急需解决的技术难题。
传统的永磁铁氧体制造方法有干压成型和湿压成型两种。其中湿压成型具有取向度好、剩磁等磁性能高的特点,目前得到大规模的应用。但是,干压成型也有自己的应用领域,它具有成型效率高、应用范围广、产品外形多样化等特点,可以应用于许多小型化及形状不规则的产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为了解决传统磁粉的松装密度高的缺陷而提供一种低松装密度的永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法,所述制造方法包括以下步骤:
1)原材料进行第一次球磨,然后进行低温预烧,得到的预烧料粉碎;
2)将步骤1)得到的预烧料进行二次球磨,加入CaO、SiO2、Al2O3和H3BO3
3)将步骤2)得到的球磨料浆烘干并进行破碎、过筛,得到永磁铁氧体磁粉。
SiO2、CaCO3等添加剂的加入,有助于烧结过程中形成晶界,阻碍铁氧体晶粒的长大,从而有效提高产品的矫顽力。氧化铝和硼酸的加入,一方面可以改善磁性粉末的磁性能;另一方面可以使松装密度有进一步的降低。
作为优选,预烧料粉末包含有A、R、B和Fe的六角晶系铁氧体,并具有如下特征的分子式:A1~xRx[(Fe3+ aFe2+ b)12-yBy]zO19,其中A代表Sr、Ba中的一种或者两种元素;R代表选自稀土元素和Bi中的一种元素;B代表Co、Ti、Mn、Zn、Ge、As和W中的一种元素,Co元素的化合价为正三价;其中a+b等于1;z优选为0.9~1.1;a优选为0.97~0.999,b优选为0.001~0.03。
作为优选,所述的x和y优选范围为:0≤x≤0.54,0≤y≤0.45,优选x、y、z的最佳取值为:1.0≤x/y≤1.5,z为1。
作为优选,步骤1)在预烧过程中,预烧温度为1170℃~1240℃。
作为优选,Al2O3的添加量为0.15-0.3wt%;SiO2的添加量为0.3-0.35wt%、CaO的添加量为0.8-0.9wt%、和H3BO3的添加量为0.2wt%。
作为优选,二次烧结的温度为1160℃~1240℃。由于采用低温预烧,二次烧结的温度也必须较低,温度也应该在1160℃~1240℃之间,防止产品结晶发亮。
本发明的有益效果:本发明的主要方法是在磁粉的制造工艺中,采取低温预烧,降低预烧料的粉体密度,在二次掺杂时,通过添加一定量的Al2O3和H3BO3,也可以使松装密度有进一步的降低。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1:
制备一种具有SrFe12O19铁氧体主相的预烧料,按配比称取Fe2O3(纯度≥99.3wt%,Cl-≤0.1wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)、SrCO3(纯度≥97wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)等原材料进行湿法一次球磨,球磨时间5小时,混合后的颗粒的平均粒度为0.8um,随后将料浆在烘箱中进行烘干,并在空气中1230℃预烧,保温时间1小时,获得块状预烧料。将预烧料经干式粗粉碎处理,粗粉碎后粉体的平均粒径为4um。
1、球磨工艺
先将永磁铁氧体预烧料进行二次湿磨,添加0.8wt%的CaO、0.35wt%的SiO2、0.3wt%的Al2O3、0.2wt%的H3BO3,二次球磨16小时。
2、磁场成型工艺
在100吨实验压机上湿压成339磁钢,其压力为2MPa,成型磁场10000Oe。
3、烘干工艺
取150g左右的二次球磨料浆放入干燥箱以120摄氏度进行干燥20小时,并过100目筛网,制得细粉进行松装密度的测试。
4、烧结及研磨
将湿压产品在烧结炉中以1205摄氏度烧结1小时,其中升温和冷却速度要慢,避免产生开裂。对烧结后的样品进行双面平行研磨并测试。
实施例2:
制备一种具有SrFe12O19铁氧体主相的预烧料,按配比称取Fe2O3(纯度≥99.3wt%,Cl-≤0.1wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)、SrCO3(纯度≥97wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)等原材料进行湿法一次球磨,球磨时间5小时,混合后的颗粒的平均粒度为0.8um,随后将料浆在烘箱中进行烘干,并在空气中1205℃预烧,保温时间1小时,获得块状预烧料。将预烧料经干式粗粉碎处理,粗粉碎后粉体的平均粒径为4um。
1、球磨工艺
先将永磁铁氧体预烧料进行二次湿磨,添加0.8wt%的CaO、0.35wt%的SiO2、0.2wt%的Al2O3、0.2wt%的H3BO3,二次球磨16小时。
2、磁场成型工艺
在100吨实验压机上湿压成339磁钢,其压力为2MPa,成型磁场10000Oe。
3、烘干工艺
取150g左右的二次球磨料浆放入干燥箱以120摄氏度进行干燥20小时,并过100目筛网,制得细粉进行松装密度的测试。
4、烧结及研磨
将湿压产品在烧结炉中以1190摄氏度烧结1小时,其中升温和冷却速度要慢,避免产生开裂。对烧结后的样品进行双面平行研磨并测试。
实施例3:
制备一种具有SrFe12O19铁氧体主相的预烧料,按配比称取Fe2O3(纯度≥99.3wt%,Cl-≤0.1wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)、SrCO3(纯度≥97wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)等原材料进行湿法一次球磨,球磨时间5小时,混合后的颗粒的平均粒度为0.8um,随后将料浆在烘箱中进行烘干,并在空气中1190℃预烧,保温时间1小时,获得块状预烧料。将预烧料经干式粗粉碎处理,粗粉碎后粉体的平均粒径为4um。
1、球磨工艺
先将永磁铁氧体预烧料进行二次湿磨,添加0.9wt%的CaO、0.3wt%的SiO2、0.15wt%的Al2O3、0.2wt%的H3BO3,二次球磨16小时。
2、磁场成型工艺
在100吨实验压机上湿压成339磁钢,其压力为2MPa,成型磁场10000Oe。
3、烘干工艺
取150g左右的二次球磨料浆放入干燥箱以120摄氏度进行干燥20小时,并过100目筛网,制得细粉进行松装密度的测试。
4、烧结及研磨
将湿压产品在烧结炉中以1180摄氏度烧结1小时,其中升温和冷却速度要慢,避免产生开裂。对烧结后的样品进行双面平行研磨并测试。
对比例1:
制备一种具有SrFe12O19铁氧体主相的预烧料,按配比称取Fe2O3(纯度≥99.3wt%,Cl-≤0.1wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)、SrCO3(纯度≥97wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)等原材料进行湿法一次球磨,球磨时间5小时,混合后的颗粒的平均粒度为0.8um,随后将料浆在烘箱中进行烘干,并在空气中1280℃预烧,保温时间1小时,获得块状预烧料。将预烧料经干式粗粉碎处理,粗粉碎后粉体的平均粒径为4um。
1、球磨工艺
先将永磁铁氧体预烧料进行二次湿磨,添加0.6wt%的CaO、0.4wt%的SiO2、0.2wt%的Al2O3、0.2wt%的H3BO3,二次球磨16小时。
2、磁场成型工艺
在100吨实验压机上湿压成339磁钢,其压力为2MPa,成型磁场10000Oe。
3、烘干工艺
取150g左右的二次球磨料浆放入干燥箱以120摄氏度进行干燥20小时,并过100目筛网,制得细粉进行松装密度的测试。
4、烧结及研磨
将湿压产品在烧结炉中以1240摄氏度烧结1小时,其中升温和冷却速度要慢,避免产生开裂。对烧结后的样品进行双面平行研磨并测试。
对比例2:
制备一种具有SrFe12O19铁氧体主相的预烧料,按配比称取Fe2O3(纯度≥99.3wt%,Cl-≤0.1wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)、SrCO3(纯度≥97wt%,颗粒的原始平均粒度≤1.5um)等原材料进行湿法一次球磨,球磨时间5小时,混合后的颗粒的平均粒度为0.8um,随后将料浆在烘箱中进行烘干,并在空气中1270℃预烧,保温时间1小时,获得块状预烧料。将预烧料经干式粗粉碎处理,粗粉碎后粉体的平均粒径为4um。
1、球磨工艺
先将永磁铁氧体预烧料进行二次湿磨,添加0.6wt%的CaO、0.4wt%的SiO2,二次球磨16小时。
2、磁场成型工艺
在100吨实验压机上湿压成339磁钢,其压力为2MPa,成型磁场10000Oe。
3、烘干工艺
取150g左右的二次球磨料浆放入干燥箱以120摄氏度进行干燥20小时,并过100目筛网,制得细粉进行松装密度的测试。
4、烧结及研磨
将湿压产品在烧结炉中以1240摄氏度烧结1小时,其中升温和冷却速度要慢,避免产生开裂。对烧结后的样品进行双面平行研磨并测试。
上述各种试验的磁性能比较如下表表1所示:
表1磁性能测试结果对比表
Br(Gs) Hcb(Oe) Hcj(Oe) (BH)<sub>max</sub>(MGOe) 松装密度
实施例1 4168 3265 3431 4.208 0.845
实施例2 4158 3301 3467 4.229 0.840
实施例3 4150 3354 3489 4.212 0.832
对比例1 4070 3233 3410 4.221 0.933
对比例2 4039 3212 3342 4.105 0.920

Claims (5)

1.一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造方法包括以下步骤:
1)原材料进行第一次球磨,然后进行低温预烧,得到的预烧料粉碎;
2)将步骤1)得到的预烧料进行二次球磨,加入CaO、SiO2、Al2O3和H3BO3;所述Al2O3的添加量为0.15-0.3wt%;SiO2的添加量为0.3-0.35wt%、CaO的添加量为0.8-0.9wt%、和H3BO3的添加量为0.2wt%;
3)将步骤2)得到的球磨料浆烘干并进行破碎、过筛,得到永磁铁氧体磁粉。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法,其特征在于,预烧料粉末包含有A、R、B和Fe的六角晶系铁氧体,并具有如下特征的分子式:
A1~xRx[(Fe3+ aFe2+ b)12-7By]zO19,其中A代表Sr、Ba中的一种或者两种元素;R代表选自稀土
元素和Bi中的一种元素;B代表Co、Ti、Mn、Zn、Ge、As和W中的一种元素,Co元素的化合价为正三价;其中a+b等于1;z为0.9~1.1;a为 0.97~0.999,b为 0.001~0.03。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的x和y范围为:0≤x≤0.54,0≤y≤0.45,x、y、z的取值为:1.0≤x/y≤1.5,z为1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法,其特征在于,步骤1)在预烧过程中预烧温度为1170℃~1240℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低松装密度永磁铁氧体磁粉的制造方法,其特征在于,二次烧结的温度为1160℃~1240℃。
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