CN108004802A - 一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法,属于纺织染整技术领域。旨在应用酯键水解酶进行涤纶为原料的春亚纺织物预处理,再进行分散染料染色,最后采用氨基硅油进行浸轧焙烘整理,赋予春亚纺染色织物色外观增深效果。工艺流程包括:(1)春亚纺酶法预处理;(2)分散染料染色;(3)氨基硅油整理。与直接浸轧氨基硅油、或采用碱减量预处理与氨基硅油轧烘相结合的增深方法相比,在低温近中性条件下借助酶法,增加纤维表面粗糙度,不仅避免了碱处理易损伤、对环境影响小,而且纤维表面产生的羧基和羟基与氨基硅油能形成较强结合力,有利于春亚纺染色织物的色深提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法,其特征是先应用酯键水解酶进行涤纶为原料的春亚纺织物预处理,再进行分散染料染色,最后采用氨基硅油进行浸轧焙烘整理,赋予春亚纺染色织物色外观增深效果的方法,属于纺织染整技术领域。
背景技术
春亚纺面料是一种面世较久且较受欢迎的涤纶面料,多采用低弹涤纶丝加工而成,布身柔软而富有一定弹性,可用于服装和床上用品等。春亚纺花色品种较多,但实际生产中发现,对于深色品种染色表观深度不深的问题越来越显著,特别是黑色等深色,难以达到所需的染色深度。近年来,研究人员对包括春亚纺在内的涤纶织物染深色、浓色进行了大量的研究,并取得一定的成果。
碱减量处理涤纶织物可以有效地提高织物上染率和织物染色深度。一方面,碱减量处理后的聚酯织物纤维表面出现凹坑和沟槽,增大了纤维比表面积,且有利于染料在其表面吸附、扩散和沉积;另一方面,凹坑和沟槽增加了聚酯纤维表面粗糙程度,增加了漫反射,从而增加了视觉色深度。碱减量处理聚酯织物的缺点在于工艺过程不易控制,易产生较大的织物强力下降,同时涤纶碱减量加工中还会产生高COD的废水,也不利于环境保护。
受浸湿织物色彩比干织物浓艳这一事实的启发,也可以选用折射率接近于水的低折射率树脂在涤纶织物表面成膜,通过降低织物折射率,从而提升涤纶染色织物的表观深度。目前,市场上低折射率树脂薄膜主要有聚氨酯树脂、含氟树脂和有机硅树脂。其中,有机硅树脂是常用的低折射率树脂,其折射率一般在1.40 左右,除了具有增深效果外,还能改变织物手感。有机硅产品中,氨基硅油所含的氨基能与纤维表面上的羟基、羧基等相互作用,具有吸附量大、成膜性好,与纤维结合牢度强等优点。不仅能与涤纶纤维表面形成牢固吸附,使纤维间的摩擦系数下降、改善织物手感,同时对染色织物色外观也有明显的增深效果。
本发明在前期工作经验积累和相关文献的基础上,采用酯键水解酶进行春亚纺织物预处理,经分散染料染色和氨基硅油后整理,提高春亚纺染色织物色深。具体来说,首先,以酯键水解酶(角质酶或脂肪酶)进行春亚纺预处理,通过水解涤纶分子中酯键增加纤维表面羟基和羧基的数量,同时增加纤维表面粗糙度;其次,采用分散染料高温高压染色法进行春亚纺织物染色;最后,将经乳化的氨基硅油浸轧织物,进行高温焙烘后整理,通过在织物表面成膜,提高春亚纺织物染色深度。
与仅浸轧增深剂进行春亚纺染色织物增深的方法相比,采用酶法进行织物预处理,能在低温条件下增加纤维表面粗糙度,增加染色中分散染料在纤维表面的染色位点,酯键水解产生的羧基和羟基能与染色后施加在纤维上的氨基硅油形成离子键和氢键,提高了氨基硅油分子膜在织物表面的结合牢度,形成的树脂膜不仅降低了涤纶纤维表面的折射率,而且避免了高温定型中分散染料的升华,保证了春亚纺染色织物具有较高色深,且织物手感有改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法,使用本发明可提高春亚纺染色织物色深度,不仅避免了碱减量易造成织物强力下降的缺陷,且酶法预处理能耗低、可有效提高分散染色后氨基硅油在织物表面的结合牢度,使染色织物色深增加。
本发明的技术方案:一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法,其特征是先应用酯键水解酶进行涤纶纤维为原料的春亚纺织物预处理,再进行分散染料染色,最后以氨基硅油进行浸轧焙烘整理,赋予春亚纺染色织物色外观增深效果的方法,具体工艺如下:
(1)春亚纺酶法预处理:以酯键水解酶进行春亚纺预处理,净洗后备用;
处理工艺处方及条件:酯键水解酶 20~100 U/L,渗透剂0~5 g/L,pH范围7.0~9.0,浴比1:12~20,温度30~60℃,处理时间0.5~4小时;
(2)分散染料染色:经步骤(1)处理后的织物以分散染料进行染色;
染色工艺处方及条件:分散染料0.05~5 g/L,亚甲基二萘磺酸钠0~1.0 g/L,pH范围4.0~5.5,浴比1:12~20,温度120~130℃,时间0.5~1小时;
(3)氨基硅油整理:将步骤(2)处理的织物浸轧氨基硅油乳液,进行焙烘整理;
处理工艺处方及条件:氨基硅油8~25 g/L,非离子型乳化剂 0.5~5 g/L,轧余率90~110%,pH范围6.0~7.0,焙烘温度130~150℃,时间1~3分钟。
一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法,所述酯键水解酶包括对涤纶纤维中酯键具有水解功效的脂肪酶、角质酶;所述氨基硅油为氨值在0.3~0.4 mmol/g的氨基硅油;所述非离子型乳化剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚,或脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚。
本发明利用酯键水解酶进行春亚纺预处理,结合分散染料染色和氨基硅油浸轧焙烘整理,实现了春亚纺染色织物色深增加,与直接浸轧氨基硅油或采用碱减量预处理与氨基硅油轧烘相结合的增深方法相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)反应条件缓和,在低温近中性条件下进行织物预处理,通过增加纤维表面粗糙度,促进后续分散染料在纤维表面的着色深度,同时避免了碱处理对纤维易造成的损伤的缺陷,该过程中酶法预处理后残液对环境影响较小;
(2)氨基硅油增深效果明显,酶法预处理使春亚纺纤维表面产生较多羧基和羟基,这些极性基团与氨基硅油形成较强的结合力,提高了焙烘中氨基硅油树脂膜与织物的结合牢度,不但使春亚纺表面折射率降低,且避免了热定型中染料从织物上升华,有利于色深提高。
具体实施方式
采用酯键水解酶催化涤纶纤维表面产生羧基和羟基,结合分散染料染色和氨基硅油整理,提高春亚纺染色织物的色深度,具体实施例如下:
实施例1
选择涤纶为原料的春亚纺,织物克重130 g/m2,以本发明述及的方法进行色外观增深加工,工艺步骤如下:
(1)春亚纺酶法预处理:以角质酶进行春亚纺织物预处理,净洗后备用;
处理工艺处方及条件:角质酶 20 U/L,渗透剂0.5 g/L,pH 8.5,浴比1:15,温度45℃,处理时间2小时;
(2)分散染料染色:经步骤(1)处理后的织物以分散黄SE-RL进行染色;
染色工艺处方及条件:分散黄 SE-RL 0.5 g/L,亚甲基二萘磺酸钠0.2 g/L,pH 4.5,浴比1:15,温度130℃,时间0.5小时;
(3)氨基硅油整理:将步骤(2)处理的织物浸轧氨基硅油乳液,进行焙烘整理;
处理工艺处方及条件:氨值为0.3 mmol/g的氨基硅油10 g/L,脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚 0.5g/L,轧余率100%,pH 6.0,焙烘温度130℃,时间1.5分钟。
试样1:仅经步骤(2)处理;
试样2:仅经步骤(2)、(3)处理;
试样3:经步骤(1)、(2)和(3)处理;
经上述工艺处理后,试样1、试样2和试样3的表面深度K/S分别为 2.063、2.365、2.784;图像法测得的织物悬垂系数分别为48.0%、45.2%和42.7%。
实施例2
采用涤纶为原料的春亚纺,织物克重175 g/m2,以本发明述及的方法进行色外观增深加工,工艺步骤如下:
(1)春亚纺酶法预处理:以脂肪酶进行春亚纺预处理,净洗后备用;
处理工艺处方及条件:脂肪酶 85 U/L,渗透剂1.0 g/L,pH 8.0,浴比1:12,温度50℃,处理时间2.5小时;
(2)分散染料染色:经步骤(1)处理后的织物以分散红3B进行染色;
染色工艺处方及条件:分散红3B 1.5 g/L,亚甲基二萘磺酸钠0.5 g/L,pH 5,浴比1:12,温度130℃,时间1小时;
(3)氨基硅油整理:将步骤(2)处理的织物浸轧氨基硅油乳液,进行焙烘整理;
处理工艺处方及条件:氨值为0.33 mmol/g的氨基硅油15 g/L,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.75g/L,轧余率100%,pH 6.0,焙烘温度135℃,时间1.5分钟。
试样4:仅经步骤(2)处理;
试样5:仅经步骤(2)、(3)处理;
试样6:经步骤(1)、(2)和(3)处理;
经上述工艺处理后,试样4、试样5和试样6的表面深度K/S分别为 3.12、3.62、4.05;图像法测得的织物悬垂系数为46.9%、42.2%、40.3%。
通过对实施例数据分析,本发明工艺所处理春亚纺染色织物(试样3、6)与仅染色样(试样1、4)、或与染色与氨基硅油整理结合处理样(试样2、5)相比,表面染色深度均较高,且织物手感较好。
虽然本发明已以优选实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (2)
1.一种春亚纺染色织物色外观增深的方法,其特征是先应用酯键水解酶进行涤纶纤维为原料的春亚纺织物预处理,再进行分散染料染色,最后以氨基硅油进行浸轧焙烘整理,赋予春亚纺染色织物色外观增深效果的方法,具体工艺如下:
(1)春亚纺酶法预处理:以酯键水解酶进行春亚纺预处理,净洗后备用;
处理工艺处方及条件:酯键水解酶 20~100 U/L,渗透剂0~5 g/L,pH范围7.0~9.0,浴比1:12~20,温度30~60℃,处理时间0.5~4小时;
(2)分散染料染色:经步骤(1)处理后的织物以分散染料进行染色;
染色工艺处方及条件:分散染料0.05~5 g/L,亚甲基二萘磺酸钠0~1.0 g/L,pH范围4.0~5.5,浴比1:12~20,温度120~130℃,时间0.5~1小时;
(3)氨基硅油整理:将步骤(2)处理的织物浸轧氨基硅油乳液,进行焙烘整理;
处理工艺处方及条件:氨基硅油8~25 g/L,非离子型乳化剂 0.5~5 g/L,轧余率90~110%,pH范围6.0~7.0,焙烘温度130~150℃,时间1~3分钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述酯键水解酶包括对涤纶纤维中酯键具有水解功效的脂肪酶、角质酶;所述氨基硅油为氨值在0.3~0.4 mmol/g的氨基硅油;所述非离子型乳化剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚,或脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚。
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