CN107959955B - Multi-channel communication method of wireless sensor network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-channel communication method of a wireless sensor network, which adopts a method of selecting and controlling channel switching by a sending node, when sending data, if the sending node can not send continuously for many times, the sending node returns to a control channel and changes a data channel for next communication, and when the sending node selects a next hop node, if the link quality between the sending node and all neighbor nodes can not meet the requirement, the sending node changes the data channel. The sending node only needs to coordinate channel switching with the neighbor nodes, does not need a complex full network or subnet synchronization mechanism, can reduce unnecessary channel replacement by combining with a routing mechanism of a network layer, and can realize multi-channel communication by only slightly modifying the existing system; when the sending node or/and the receiving node are interfered, the packet receiving rate can be improved, the time delay can be reduced, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the network survival time can be prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor network communication, in particular to a multi-channel communication method of a wireless sensor network.
Background
Wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly widely used, and according to the relevant standards, wireless sensor networks use ISM bands that do not require registration, where the 2.4GHz band is a more common ISM band in which there are a variety of wireless communication systems, including wireless local area networks, cordless telephones, bluetooth, and so on. The wireless local area network has a large coverage area and high communication capacity, and generates significant interference to adjacent communication systems.
In order to reduce the influence of interference of a wireless local area network, various anti-interference communication methods are proposed in the field of wireless sensor networks, such as channel coding, multi-channel communication, adaptive power adjustment, repeated transmission of partial or complete data packets, and the like. The multi-channel communication can reduce the conflict among the nodes of the wireless sensor network and among the sub-networks and the interference of an external system to the wireless sensor network, thereby being beneficial to improving the reliability and the transmission efficiency of the communication of the wireless sensor network.
Multi-channel communication involves problems with channel selection, allocation, channel synchronization, and interference detection. In terms of Channel selection and allocation, some existing methods adopt a method of uniformly allocating and switching all nodes in a network or a subnet (for example, document [1] "Efficient Multi-Channel Communications in Wireless Sensor networks. acm Transactions on Sensor networks.2016,9 (4)"); there is a method of uniformly allocating and switching channels by using nodes on a transmission path (for example, document [2] "minimum of the effect of WiFi interference in 802.15.4wireless Sensor networks. international Journal of Sensor networks.2008,3 (1)").
The basic requirement for channel selection is to avoid the interfered channel at the transmitting end and the interfered channel at the receiving end at the same time, the interference of the wireless local area network to the wireless sensor network has obvious position correlation, and when more wireless local area network routers or access point devices are distributed in the environment of the wireless sensor network, the difficulty exists in selecting a common idle channel for all nodes in the network, the subnet or the transmission path. The interference of the wireless local area network also has the characteristic of random variation, and a static allocation method (for example, document [3] "Channel allocation strategies for wireless sensors static allocation in multiple environments, in: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks, 2006") is only suitable for the case that an interference model is known; interference can be effectively avoided by methods of selecting channels using interference detection or prediction (e.g., references [2] and [4] "Distributed Cognitive complexity of 802.15.4with 802.11.In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio organized Wireless Networks and Communications, 2006), but with a corresponding increase In storage and runtime overhead.
The wireless sensor network node has limited calculation and storage resources, and the occupation of static and dynamic system resources is an important factor to be considered when designing a multi-channel communication system. In a method for a receiving node (for example, in [5] "ARCH: Practical Channel positioning for Reliable Home-Area Sensor networks. in: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium,2011,1416 (1)"), a receiving node selects a Channel, and when data is transmitted, a transmitting node switches to the Channel selected by the receiving node, and if sudden interference occurs at the transmitting node, the transmitting node cannot avoid the interference in Time by changing the Channel. The routing mechanism of the network layer also has an anti-interference function, when communication failure is caused by interference of a receiving node, the influence of the interference can be eliminated by replacing a next hop node, and the combination of the multichannel communication and the routing mechanism of the network layer is favorable for simplifying design and reducing system resource occupation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-channel communication method for a wireless sensor network. The invention adopts the method of selecting and controlling channel switching by the sending node, when the sending node or/and the receiving node is interfered, the sending node can realize multi-channel communication only by coordinating channel switching with the neighbor node without a complex full network or subnet synchronous mechanism.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a multi-channel communication method of a wireless sensor network, which is characterized in that all nodes are in a control channel when the nodes are idle, and when one node sends data, the multi-channel communication method comprises the following steps:
step S1-1, the sending node sends a first control message containing a first data channel number to the receiving node in the control channel, and requests the receiving node to switch to a data channel corresponding to the first data channel number;
step S1-2, after receiving the first control message sent by the sending node, the receiving node sends a first response message to the sending node, and then switches to the data channel corresponding to the first data channel number;
step S1-3, after the sending node receives the first response message sent by the receiving node, the sending node switches to the data channel corresponding to the first data channel number, and then step S1-4 is carried out; when the sending node continuously and repeatedly sends the control information for multiple times and does not receive the first response message, the sending node reselects the transmission path and then returns to execute the step S1-1;
step S1-4, the sending node sends data to the receiving node in the data channel corresponding to the first data channel number; when the sending node successfully sends the data, the step S1-5 is carried out; when the sending node fails to send data for a plurality of times continuously, returning to the control channel, replacing the data channel of the next communication, and then returning to execute the step S1-1; wherein the failure to transmit means that the transmitting node finds the channel busy when performing Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) due to the presence of an interfering signal, thereby abandoning the transmitting operation;
step S1-5, after receiving the data sent by the sending node, the receiving node sends a second response message to the sending node, and then returns to the control channel;
step S1-6, after receiving the second response message sent by the receiving node, the sending node returns to the control channel; and when the transmitting node continuously and repeatedly transmits the data for multiple times and does not receive the second response message, the transmitting node gives up transmitting and returns to the control channel.
The multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: when the sending node selects the next hop node, the sending node changes the data channel when the link quality between the sending node and all the neighbor nodes can not meet the requirement; the meaning that the link quality cannot meet the requirement may be, but is not limited to, the moving average of the transmission success rate being below a set threshold, or the moving average of the expected transmission rate being above a threshold.
The multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: when a node sends a routing message, the method comprises the following steps:
step S2-1, the sending node broadcasts a second control message containing a second data channel number in the control channel, and informs the neighbor node to switch to the data channel corresponding to the second data channel number;
step S2-2, the sending node and the neighbor node receiving the second control message switch to the data channel corresponding to the second data channel number;
step S2-3, the sending node broadcasts the routing message in the data channel corresponding to the second data channel number, and after the broadcasting is finished, the sending node returns to the control channel;
step S2-4, the neighbor node receiving the routing message determines the follow-up operation according to the current state, when the neighbor node is in the routing message receiving state, the neighbor node returns to the control channel; when the neighbor node is currently in a data or routing message sending state or in a data receiving state, the neighbor node is kept in a data channel until the original operation is completed or the control channel is returned after the timeout.
The multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: after the receiving node is switched to the data channel from the control channel, the receiving node does not receive data or routing information in the data channel within preset time, and the receiving node returns to the control channel after the set time is up.
The multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network provided by the invention can also have the characteristicsAnd (3) carrying out mark: wherein the difference DeltaF between the center frequency of the replaced data channel and the center frequency of the original data channel is more than 3Wi/4，WiThe frequency bandwidth of one channel for the interfering signal.
Action and Effect of the invention
The invention relates to a multi-channel communication method of a wireless sensor network, which adopts a method of selecting and controlling channel switching by a sending node, when sending data, if the sending node can not send continuously for many times, the sending node returns to a control channel and changes a data channel for next communication, when the sending node selects a next hop node, if the link quality between the sending node and all neighbor nodes can not meet the requirement, the sending node changes the data channel. The sending node only needs to coordinate channel switching with the neighbor nodes, does not need a complex full network or subnet synchronization mechanism, can reduce unnecessary channel replacement by combining with a routing mechanism of a network layer, and can realize multi-channel communication by only slightly modifying the existing system. When the sending node or/and the receiving node are interfered, the packet receiving rate can be improved, the time delay can be reduced, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the network survival time can be prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the network layer structure of the communication system of the wireless sensor network in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission process in a Message Sequence Chart (MSC) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for successfully switching channels, denoted by MSC, in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for switching channel failure, denoted by MSC, in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a normal data transmission procedure represented by an MSC in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a process of failing to transmit data, shown as an MSC, in an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a process of sending a routing message, which is denoted by MSC, in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully explain the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
The embodiment takes the implementation of multi-channel communication in the TinyOS as an example, and describes a specific implementation method of the multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network according to the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system network layer of a wireless sensor network in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, CTP (collection Tree protocol) is a main network layer communication protocol in TinyOS, and is composed of three parts, namely a forwarding engine 1, a routing engine 2 and a link estimator 3. The forwarding engine 1 is responsible for sending and receiving data, the routing engine 2 selects a neighbor node with the best quality as a next hop node, and the link estimator 3 calculates the link quality between the current node and each neighbor node and provides a basis for the routing engine 2 to select a transmission path.
In order to implement multi-channel communication, a channel manager 4 is disposed between a network layer and a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, the channel manager 4 functions to switch channels and change data channels, and the channel manager 4 provides an interface ChannelHandle to the outside, through which the forwarding engine 1 and the routing engine 2 can use the functions of switching channels and changing data channels. In this embodiment, all nodes are in the control channel when idle.
Data transmission process
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission process in a Message Sequence Chart (MSC) according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for successfully switching channels, denoted by MSC, in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for switching channel failure, denoted by MSC, in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a normal data transmission procedure represented by an MSC in an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a procedure of failing to transmit data, which is represented by an MSC in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2 to fig. 6, when the forwarding engine of a node a performs a sending task and sends data to the next hop node B, the following process is included:
1) the forwarding engine of the node A obtains the address of the next hop node B from the routing engine, and when the transmission is not repeated, 1.1) is executed; when the current transmission is repeated and the address of the next hop node B changes, the forwarding engine 1 of the node a resets the retransmission flag first, requests the channel manager to return to the control channel, and then continues to execute 1.1); when the transmission is repeated but the address of the next hop node B is not changed, go directly to step 2).
1.1) the forwarding engine of node a requests the channel manager to switch channels, the channel manager checks the current state of node a, as shown in fig. 3, when node a is in an idle state, it sends a control message 1 requesting to switch channels to node B, where the control message 1 contains a data channel number n, and then the channel manager of node a notifies the forwarding engine to make the forwarding engine suspend the sending process and wait for the completion of channel switching operation; when the node A is in other states, the channel manager returns a busy state to the forwarding engine, and the forwarding engine restarts a sending task after delaying.
1.2) after receiving the control message 1 requesting to switch channels, the node B sends a response message to the node A, and then the node B switches to the data channel corresponding to the data channel number n. And after receiving the response message of the node B, the channel manager of the node A switches the node A from the control channel to the data channel corresponding to the data channel number n and informs the forwarding engine to continue executing the sending process. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, when the channel manager of node a repeatedly transmits control message 1 requesting channel switching continuously for a plurality of times and does not receive the response from node B, the channel manager notifies the forwarding engine to restart a transmission task.
2) As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the forwarding engine of node a performs subsequent forwarding operations using the interface provided by the underlying component. When the lower layer component of the node A successfully completes data transmission and receives a response message to the node B, the forwarding engine requests the channel manager to return a control channel. After receiving the data sent by the node A, the node B replies a response message and then returns to the control channel.
3) As shown in fig. 2, fig. 5 and fig. 6, when the lower layer component of node a fails to send data for a plurality of times, the forwarding engine of node a requests the channel manager to change the data channel, then returns to the control channel, and restarts a sending task after a delay time; when the forwarding engine of the node A does not receive the response of the node B, setting a retransmission mark and restarting a sending task; when the node A continuously executes the sending task for a plurality of times and the forwarding engine of the node A does not receive the response of the next hop node B, the forwarding engine of the node A gives up the sending of the current data packet and requests the channel manager to return to the control channel.
The link estimator updates the link quality between the node a and the next hop node according to whether the node a receives the response of the next hop node. When the routing engine of the node a sending data selects the next hop node, if the link quality between the node a and all the neighboring nodes cannot meet the requirement, that is, the expected transmission rate (ETX) moving average between the node a and each neighboring node is greater than the set threshold, the routing engine of the node a requests the corresponding channel manager to replace the data channel.
Second, routing message sending process
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a process of sending a routing message, which is denoted by MSC, in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, when a node a sends a routing message, the following process is included:
1) the routing engine of node a requests the channel manager to switch channels, and the channel manager of node a queries the current state of node a. When the node A is in an idle state, broadcasting a control message 2 requesting channel switching on a control channel, and informing a neighbor node of switching to a data channel; the control message 2 contains the data channel number m. When the node A is in the non-idle state, the channel manager of the node A returns a busy state to the corresponding routing engine, and the routing engine abandons the sending of the routing message.
2) After the channel manager of the node a broadcasts the control message 2, the node a is switched from the control channel to the data channel corresponding to the data channel number m and notifies the routing engine of the node a, the neighbor node (for example, the node B in fig. 7) that receives the control message 2 is also switched to the data channel corresponding to the data channel number m, then the routing engine of the node a broadcasts the routing message in the data channel, and after the broadcasting is completed, the routing engine of the node a requests the channel manager to return to the control channel. The neighbor node receiving the routing message determines the subsequent operation according to the current state, and when the neighbor node is currently in the routing message receiving state, the neighbor node returns to the control channel; when the neighboring node (e.g., node C in fig. 7) is in the state of sending data or routing messages, or in the state of receiving data, the neighboring node remains in the data channel until the original operation is completed or the control channel is returned after a timeout.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, when a node switches from a control channel to a data channel for receiving data or routing messages, if the node does not receive data or routing messages in the data channel within a predetermined time t, a forwarding engine or routing engine of the node will request a channel manager to return to the control channel after the predetermined time t arrives.
When the channel manager of the transmitting node changes the data channel, the difference delta F between the center frequency of the newly selected channel and the original channel is more than 3Wi/4, wherein WiThe frequency bandwidth of one channel for the interfering signal.
Examples effects and effects
The multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network related to the embodiment adopts the method of selecting and controlling channel switching by the sending node, when sending data, if the sending node fails to send continuously for many times, the sending node returns to the control channel and changes the data channel of the next communication, and when the sending node selects the next hop node, if the link quality between the sending node and all the neighbor nodes can not meet the requirement, the sending node changes the data channel. The sending node only needs to coordinate channel switching with the neighbor nodes, does not need a complex full network or subnet synchronization mechanism, can reduce unnecessary channel replacement by combining with a routing mechanism of a network layer, and can realize multi-channel communication by only slightly modifying the existing system. When the sending node or/and the receiving node are interfered, the packet receiving rate can be improved, the time delay can be reduced, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the network survival time can be prolonged.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-channel communication method of a wireless sensor network is characterized in that all nodes are in a control channel when the nodes are idle, and when one node transmits data, the multi-channel communication method comprises the following steps:
step S1-1, a sending node sends a first control message containing a first data channel number to a receiving node in the control channel, and requests the receiving node to switch to a data channel corresponding to the first data channel number;
step S1-2, after receiving the first control message sent by the sending node, the receiving node sends a first response message to the sending node, and then switches to the data channel corresponding to the first data channel number;
step S1-3, after the sending node receives the first response message sent by the receiving node, the sending node switches to the data channel corresponding to the first data channel number, and then step S1-4 is performed; when the sending node repeatedly sends the first control information continuously for multiple times and does not receive the first response message, the sending node reselects a transmission path and then returns to execute the step S1-1;
step S1-4, the sending node sends the data to the receiving node in the data channel corresponding to the first data channel number; when the sending node successfully sends the data, the step S1-5 is carried out; when the sending node fails to send the data for a plurality of times continuously, returning to the control channel, replacing the data channel of the next communication, and then returning to execute the step S1-1; wherein the failure to transmit means that the transmitting node finds the channel busy when performing Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) due to the presence of an interfering signal, thereby abandoning the transmitting operation;
step S1-5, after receiving the data sent by the sending node, the receiving node sends a second response message to the sending node, and then returns to the control channel;
step S1-6, after receiving the second response message sent by the receiving node, the sending node returns to the control channel; when the sending node continuously and repeatedly sends data for a plurality of times and does not receive the second response message, the sending node gives up sending and returns to the control channel,
when the sending node selects a next hop node, when the link quality between the sending node and all the neighbor nodes can not meet the requirement, the sending node changes a data channel; the meaning that the link quality is not satisfactory may be, but is not limited to, that the moving average of the transmission success rate is below a set threshold, or that the moving average of the expected transmission rate is above a threshold,
the difference value delta F of the center frequency of the replaced data channel and the original data channel is more than 3Wi/4，WiThe frequency bandwidth of one channel for the interfering signal.
2. The multi-channel communication method of a wireless sensor network according to claim 1, wherein:
when a node sends a routing message, the method comprises the following steps:
step S2-1, the sending node broadcasts a second control message containing a second data channel number in the control channel, and informs the neighbor node to switch to the data channel corresponding to the second data channel number;
step S2-2, the sending node and the neighbor node receiving the second control message switch to the data channel corresponding to the second data channel number;
step S2-3, the sending node broadcasts the routing message in the data channel corresponding to the second data channel number, and after the broadcast is finished, the sending node returns to the control channel;
step S2-4, the neighbor node receiving the routing message determines the follow-up operation according to the current state, when the neighbor node is in the routing message receiving state, the neighbor node returns to the control channel; when the neighbor node is currently in a data or routing message sending state or in a data receiving state, the neighbor node is kept in a data channel until the original operation is completed or the control channel is returned after the timeout.
3. The multi-channel communication method of the wireless sensor network according to claim 2, wherein:
after the receiving node is switched from the control channel to a data channel, the receiving node does not receive the data or the routing message in the data channel within a preset time, and the receiving node returns to the control channel after the preset time is reached.
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