CN107959955A - A kind of multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network - Google Patents
A kind of multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/20—Performing reselection for specific purposes for optimising the interference level
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network, using the method by sending node selection and control channel switching, when sending data, if the sending node continuous several times fail to send, control channel is then returned, and replaces the data channel of communication next time, when the sending node selects next-hop node, if the link-quality between the sending node and all neighbor nodes cannot be met the requirements, the sending node will replace data channel.Sending node only needs to coordinate channel switching with neighbor node, without complicated whole network or subnet synchronization mechanism, combined by the routing mechanism with network layer, it is possible to reduce unnecessary channel is replaced, and, it is only necessary to a small amount of modification is carried out to existing system can realize multi channel communication；When sending node or/and receiving node are interfered, it is possible to increase packet reception rate, reduce time delay, advantageously reduces energy consumption, extends network lifetime.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communication of wireless sensor technical field, and in particular to a kind of more letters of wireless sensor network
Road communication means.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is just obtaining increasingly extensive application, and according to relevant criterion, wireless sensor network uses nothing
The ISM band that need to be registered, wherein, 2.4GHz frequency ranges are more commonly used ISM bands, and there are various wireless communication in the frequency range
System, including WLAN, wireless phone and bluetooth etc..WLAN coverage is big, the traffic is high, to adjacent communication
System is produced and interfered significantly with.
In order to reduce the influence of WLAN interference, wireless sensor network field proposes a variety of antijam communication sides
Method, such as channel coding, multichannel communication, adaptive power adjustment and repetition transmitting portion or complete data packet.Multichannel
Communication can reduce between wireless sensor network node, the conflict between subnet and external system are to wireless sensor network
Interference so that be conducive to improve network communication of wireless sensor reliability and efficiency of transmission.
Multichannel communication is related to the problems such as selection, distribution, channel synchronization and Interference Detection of channel.In Channel assignment with dividing
With aspect, some is using method (such as document [1] that all nodes are distributed unitedly and switched in network or subnet in existing method
“Efficient Multi-Channel Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks.ACM
Transactions on Sensor Networks.2016,9(4)”)；Some is using each node unified distribution in transmission path
With method (such as document [2] " the Minimising the effect of WiFi interference in of switching channel
802.15.4wireless sensor networks.International Journal of Sensor
Networks.2008,3(1)”)。
The basic demand of selection channel is to avoid channel that delivery time transmitting terminal is disturbed at the same time and receiving terminal is disturbed
Channel, interference of the WLAN to wireless sensor network have significant position correlation, work as wireless sensor network
It is complete in network, subnet or transmission path when distributed more Wireless LAN router in local environment or accessing point device
Portion's node selects public idle channel to have difficulties.The interference of WLAN also has the characteristics that change at random, static allocation
Method (such as document [3] " Channel allocation strategies for wireless sensors
statically deployed in multipath environments.In:Proceedings of the 5th
international conference on Information processing in sensor networks,2006”)
It is appropriate only for situation known to interference model；Using Interference Detection or method (such as document [2] and the document of prediction selection channel
[4]“Distributed cognitive coexistence of 802.15.4with 802.11.In:Proceedings
of the 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless
Networks and Communications, 2006 ") it is possible to prevente effectively from interference, but when can correspondingly increase storage and operation
Between expense.
Wireless sensor network node calculates and storage resource is limited, and static state is that multichannel leads to dynamical system resource occupation
Key factor needed to be considered when believing system design.Towards method (such as document [5] " ARCH of receiving node:Practical
Channel Hopping for Reliable Home-Area Sensor Networks.In:Proceedings of the
17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium,2011,
1416 (1) ") channel selected by receiving node, when sending out data, sending node is switched to the channel of receiving node selection, such as
Occurs the interference to happen suddenly at fruit sending node, sending node can not avoid interference in time by replacing channel.The routing of network layer
Mechanism also has anti-interference function, when communication failure is to be interfered to cause by receiving node, by replacing next-hop
Node can eliminate the influence of interference, and multichannel communication is combined with the routing mechanism of network layer and is conducive to simplify design, subtracts
Mini system resource occupation.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to carry out to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of wireless sensor network leads to more
Road communication means.The present invention when sending node or/and receives section using the method by sending node selection and control channel switching
When point is interfered, sending node only needs to coordinate channel switching with neighbor node, synchronous without complicated whole network or subnet
Mechanism, can realize multi channel communication.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention employs following technical solution：
The present invention provides a kind of multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network, it is characterised in that all nodes are in sky
Idle is in control channel, and when a node sends data, multichannel communication method comprises the following steps：
Step S1-1, sending node is sent in control channel to receiving node includes the of the first data channel numbering
One control message, request receiving node are switched to the first data channel and number corresponding data channel；
Step S1-2, after receiving node receives the first control message that sending node is sent, sends to sending node
First response message, then switches to the first data channel and numbers corresponding data channel；
Step S1-3, after sending node receives the first response message that receiving node is sent, sending node is switched to
First data channel numbers corresponding data channel, subsequently into step S1-4；When sending node continuous several times repeat to send control
Information processed, when not receiving the first response message, sending node reselects transmission path, is then back to and performs step S1-
1；
Step S1-4, sending node send number in the first data channel numbers corresponding data channel to receiving node
According to；When sending node is successfully transmitted data, S1-5 is entered step；When sending node continuous several times fail to send data, return
Control channel is returned, and replaces the data channel of communication next time, is then back to and performs step S1-1；Wherein, the implication sent is failed
It is due to the presence of interference signal, sending node finds that channel is busy when carrying out clear channel assessment (CCA) (CCA), so as to abandon sending out
Send operation；
Step S1-5, after receiving node receives the data that sending node is sent, the second response is sent to sending node
Message, is then back to control channel；
Step S1-6, after sending node receives the second response message that receiving node is sent, returns to control channel；When
Sending node continuous several times repeat to send data, and when not receiving the second response message, sending node is abandoned sending, and return to control
Channel processed.
The multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network provided by the invention, can also have the feature that：Wherein,
When sending node selects next-hop node, when the link-quality between sending node and all neighbor nodes cannot meet to want
When asking, sending node replaces data channel；The implication that link-quality cannot be met the requirements can be, but not limited to be to send success rate
Moving average be less than set threshold value, or the moving average of expected transmission rate is higher than threshold value.
The multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network provided by the invention, can also have the feature that：Wherein,
When a node sends route messages, comprise the following steps：
Step S2-1, the second control that sending node broadcast packet in control channel contains the second data channel numbering disappear
Breath, notice neighbor node are switched to the second data channel and number corresponding data channel；
Step S2-2, sending node and receive the second control message neighbor node be switched to the second data channel volume
Number corresponding data channel；
Step S2-3, sending node broadcast message, broadcast in the second data channel numbers corresponding data channel
After the completion of, sending node returns to control channel；
Step S2-4, the neighbor node for receiving route messages determine subsequent operation according to current state, work as neighbor node
When being currently at route messages reception state, neighbor node returns to control channel；When neighbor node is currently at data or route
Message send state, or in receive data mode when, neighbor node is maintained at data channel, until complete it is original operation or
Control channel is returned after time-out.
The multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network provided by the invention, can also have the feature that：Wherein,
Receiving node is after control channel is switched to data channel, and in the given time, receiving node does not receive in data channel
Data or route messages, receiving node return to control channel after setting time arrival.
The multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network provided by the invention, can also have the feature that：Wherein,
Data channel and the difference △ F ＞ 3W of the centre frequency of original data channel after replacementi/ 4, WiFor one letter of interference signal
The frequency bandwidth in road.
Invention effect
The multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network of the present invention, believes using by sending node selection and control
The method of road switching, when sending data, if sending node continuous several times fail to send, returns to control channel, and under replacement
The data channel of secondary communication, when sending node selects next-hop node, if the chain between sending node and all neighbor nodes
Road quality cannot be met the requirements, then sending node will replace data channel.Sending node only needs to coordinate to believe with neighbor node
Road switches, and without complicated whole network or subnet synchronization mechanism, is combined by the routing mechanism with network layer, it is possible to reduce need not
The channel wanted is replaced, and, it is only necessary to a small amount of modification is carried out to existing system can realize multi channel communication.Saved sending
When point or/and receiving node are interfered, it is possible to increase packet reception rate, reduce time delay, advantageously reduces energy consumption, extends network life
Deposit the time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the communication system network layer of wireless sensor network in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the data transmission procedure schematic diagram represented in the embodiment of the present invention with message sequence chart (MSC)；
Fig. 3 is with the process schematic of the MSC successful switch channels represented in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is with the process schematic of the MSC switching channel failures represented in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the normal process schematic for sending data represented in the embodiment of the present invention with MSC；
Fig. 6 is the process schematic for failing to send data represented in the embodiment of the present invention with MSC；And
Fig. 7 is with the process schematic of the MSC transmission route messages represented in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
It is described further below with reference to the technique effect of design of the attached drawing to the present invention, concrete structure and generation, with
Fully illustrate the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
The present embodiment illustrates wireless senser of the present invention by taking realization of the multichannel communication in operating system TinyOS as an example
The specific implementation method of the multichannel communication method of network.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the communication system network layer of wireless sensor network in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, CTP (Collection Tree Protocol) is network layer communication association main in TinyOS
View, CTP are made of forwarding engine 1, routing engine 2 and 3 three parts of link evaluator.Wherein, forwarding engine 1 is responsible for the hair of data
Send and receive, routing engine 2 selects the optimal neighbor node of quality as next-hop node, and link evaluator 3, which calculates, works as prosthomere
Link-quality between point and each neighbor node, selects transmission path to provide foundation for routing engine 2.
In order to realize multichannel communication, a channel pipe is provided between network layer and medium access control (MAC) layer
Device 4 is managed, the function of the channel manager 4 is switching channel and replaces data channel, and channel manager 4 externally provides an interface
ChannelHandle, by interface ChannelHandle, forward engine 1 and routing engine 2 can use switching channel and
Replace the function of data channel.In the present embodiment, all nodes are in control channel during idle time.
First, data transmission procedure
Fig. 2 is the data transmission procedure schematic diagram represented in the embodiment of the present invention with message sequence chart (MSC)；Fig. 3 is
With the process schematic of the MSC successful switch channels represented in the embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 4 be in the embodiment of the present invention with
The process schematic for the switching channel failure that MSC is represented；Fig. 5 is the normal transmission number represented in the embodiment of the present invention with MSC
According to process schematic；Fig. 6 is the process schematic for failing to send data represented in the embodiment of the present invention with MSC.
As shown in Figures 2 to 6, when the forwarding engine of a node A performs transmission task, down hop node B sends number
According to when, including following process：
1) the forwarding engine of node A obtains the address of next-hop node B from routing engine, when this transmission is not to repeat to send out
When sending, then perform 1.1)；When this transmission is to repeat to send, and when the address of next-hop node B changes, then node A
Forwarding engine 1 first reset retransmission flag, and ask channel manager return control channel, then proceed to execution 1.1)；When this
Secondary transmission is to repeat to send, but when the address of next-hop node B does not change, passes directly to step 2).
1.1) the forwarding engine requests channel manager switching channel of node A, channel manager check the current shape of node A
State, as shown in figure 3, when node A is in idle condition, then sends the control message 1 of request switching channel to node B, is controlling
Include data channel numbering n in message 1 processed, with the channel manager notice forwarding engine of posterior nodal point A, suspend forwarding engine
Transmission process, waits the completion of channel switchover operation；When node A is in other states, channel manager is returned to forwarding engine
Busy condition is returned, after forwarding engine delay, restarts a transmission task.
1.2) after Node-B receiver switches the control message 1 of channel to request, response message is sent to node A, then node
B is switched to the corresponding data channels of data channel numbering n.After the channel manager of node A receives the response message of node B,
Node A is switched to the corresponding data channels of data channel numbering n from control channel, notice forwarding engine, which continues to execute, to be transmitted across
Journey.As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, ask to switch the control message 1 of channel when the channel manager continuous several times of node A repeat transmission,
When not receiving the response of node B, then channel manager notice forwarding engine, restarts a transmission task.
2) interface that as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 5, the forwarding engine of node A is provided using lower layer components performs follow-up transmission
Operation.After the lower layer components of node A successfully complete data sending and receive the response message of node B, engine requests are forwarded
Channel manager returns to control channel.After the data that Node-B receiver is sent to node A, response message is replied, is then back to control
Channel.
3) as shown in Figure 2, Figure 5 and Figure 6, when the lower layer components continuous several times of node A fail to send data, node A's turns
Send out engine requests channel manager and replace data channel, be then back to control channel, be delayed after a period of time, restart one
Transmission task；When the forwarding engine of node A does not receive the response of node B, then set retransmission flag, restarts a transmission and appoints
Business；When node A continuous several times perform transmission task, the forwarding engine of node A does not receive the response of next-hop node B, then
The forwarding engine of node A abandons the transmission of current data packet, and request channel manager returns to control channel.
Whether link evaluator receives the response of next-hop node according to node A, more new node A and next-hop node it
Between link-quality.When sending the routing engine of node A of data selection next-hop node, if node A and all neighbours
Link-quality between node cannot be met the requirements, i.e. expection transmission rate (ETX) between node A and each neighbor node is mobile flat
Average is all higher than the threshold value of setting, then the routing engine of node A will ask corresponding channel manager to replace data channel.
2nd, route messages transmission process
Fig. 7 is with the process schematic of the MSC transmission route messages represented in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, when a node A sends route messages, including following process：
1) the routing engine request channel manager switching channel of node A, the channel manager query node A's of node A
Current state.It is when node A is in idle condition, then adjacent in the control message 2 of control channel broadcast request switching channel, notice
Occupy node and be switched to data channel；Control message 2 includes data channel numbering m.When node A is in busy state, then save
The channel manager of point A returns to busy condition to corresponding routing engine, and routing engine will abandon the hair of this route messages
Send.
2) after the channel manager broadcast control message 2 of node A, node A is switched to data channel from control channel and is compiled
Number corresponding data channels of m, and notify the routing engine of node A, receive the neighbor node (section in such as Fig. 7 of control message 2
Point B) it is also switched to the corresponding data channels of data channel numbering m, road is broadcasted in data channel with the routing engine of posterior nodal point A
By message, after the completion of broadcast, the routing engine request channel manager of node A returns to control channel.Receive route messages
Neighbor node determines subsequent operation according to current state, and when neighbor node is currently at route messages reception state, then neighbours save
Point returns to control channel；When neighbor node (the node C in such as Fig. 7), which is in, sends data or route messages state, or place
When data mode is received, then neighbor node is maintained at data channel, and control letter is returned after completing original operation or time-out
Road.
As shown in figure 5 and figure 7, when a node is switched to data letter to receive data or route messages from control channel
Behind road, in scheduled time t, if the node does not receive data or route messages in data channel, in scheduled time t
After arrival, the forwarding engine or routing engine of the node will ask channel manager to return to control channel.
When the channel manager of sending node replaces data channel, the channel and the original channel center frequency that newly select
Difference △ F ＞ 3Wi/ 4, wherein WiFor the frequency bandwidth of one channel of interference signal.
Embodiment effect
The multichannel communication method for the wireless sensor network that the present embodiment is related to, using by sending node selection and control
The method of channel switching, when sending data, if sending node continuous several times fail to send, returns to control channel, and replace
The data channel of communication next time, when sending node selects next-hop node, if between sending node and all neighbor nodes
Link-quality cannot be met the requirements, then sending node will replace data channel.Sending node only needs to coordinate with neighbor node
Channel switches, and without complicated whole network or subnet synchronization mechanism, is combined by the routing mechanism with network layer, it is possible to reduce no
Necessary channel is replaced, and, it is only necessary to a small amount of modification is carried out to existing system can realize multi channel communication.Sending
When node or/and receiving node are interfered, it is possible to increase packet reception rate, reduce time delay, advantageously reduces energy consumption, extends network
Life span.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network, it is characterised in that all nodes are in controlling during idle time
Channel processed, when a node sends data, the multichannel communication method comprises the following steps：
Step S1-1, sending node is sent in the control channel to receiving node includes the of the first data channel numbering
One control message, asks the receiving node to be switched to first data channel and numbers corresponding data channel；
Step S1-2, after the receiving node receives first control message that the sending node is sent, to described
Sending node sends the first response message, then switches to first data channel and numbers corresponding data channel；
Step S1-3, after the sending node receives first response message that the receiving node is sent, the hair
Send node to be switched to first data channel and number corresponding data channel, subsequently into step S1-4；Section is sent when described
Point continuous several times repeat to send first control information, when not receiving first response message, the sending node
Transmission path is reselected, is then back to and performs the step S1-1；
Step S1-4, the sending node is in first data channel numbers corresponding data channel to the receiving node
Send the data；When the sending node is successfully transmitted the data, S1-5 is entered step；When the sending node is continuous
When repeatedly failing to send the data, control channel is returned, and replaces the data channel of communication next time, is then back to described in execution
Step S1-1；Wherein, described to fail to send the presence being meant that due to interference signal, the sending node is carrying out idle letter
Find that channel is busy during road assessment (CCA), so as to abandon sending operation；
Step S1-5, after the receiving node receives the data that the sending node is sent, to the sending node
The second response message is sent, is then back to the control channel；
Step S1-6, after the sending node receives the second response message that the receiving node is sent, returns to the control
Channel processed；When the sending node continuous several times repeat to send data, when not receiving second response message, the hair
Send node to abandon sending, return to the control channel.
2. the multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, when the sending node selects next-hop node, the chain between the sending node and all neighbor nodes
When road quality cannot be met the requirements, the sending node replaces data channel；What the link-quality cannot be met the requirements contains
Justice can be, but not limited to be that the moving average for sending success rate is less than set threshold value, or the movement of expected transmission rate is put down
Average is higher than threshold value.
3. the multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, when a node sends route messages, comprise the following steps：
Step S2-1, the second control that sending node broadcast packet in the control channel contains the second data channel numbering disappear
Breath, notice neighbor node are switched to second data channel and number corresponding data channel；
Step S2-2, the sending node and receive second control message neighbor node be switched to it is described second number
According to the corresponding data channel of channel number；
Step S2-3, the sending node broadcast the route in second data channel numbers corresponding data channel and disappear
Breath, after the completion of broadcast, the sending node returns to the control channel；
Step S2-4, the neighbor node for receiving the route messages determine subsequent operation according to current state, work as neighbor node
When being currently at route messages reception state, neighbor node returns to control channel；When neighbor node is currently at data or route
Message send state, or in receive data mode when, neighbor node is maintained at data channel, until complete it is original operation or
The control channel is returned after time-out.
4. the multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, the receiving node is after the control channel is switched to data channel, in the given time, the receiving node
The data or the route messages are not received in data channel, the receiving node is after setting time arrival
Return to the control channel.
5. the multichannel communication method of wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, the data channel after replacement and the difference △ F of the centre frequency of original data channel>3Wi/ 4, WiBelieve for interference
The frequency bandwidth of a number channel.
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