CN107927458A - A kind of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107927458A CN107927458A CN201711338023.3A CN201711338023A CN107927458A CN 107927458 A CN107927458 A CN 107927458A CN 201711338023 A CN201711338023 A CN 201711338023A CN 107927458 A CN107927458 A CN 107927458A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and preparation method thereof, count in parts by weight, the feed includes following components：20 25 parts of fish meal, 12 23 parts of dregs of beans, 10 15 parts of peanut meal, 15 25 parts of flour, 15 parts of shrimp shell meal, 07 parts of brewer's yeast, 25 parts of fermented bean dregs, 14 parts of fish oil, 0 1.5 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.5 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 0 0.5 parts of cholesterol, 0.2 0.4 parts of composite immune reinforcing agent, 15 parts of multi-vitamins, 13 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6 1.0 parts of compound amino acid, 0.8 1.2 parts of binder.The feed can effectively improve the immune and disease resistance of Penaeus Vannmei, and feed coefficient is low, and nutrition is balanced, comprehensive, and attractant is strong, and water stability is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture feedstuff, and in particular to a kind of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Penaeus Vannmei is the important seawater in China and brackish culture shrimps.Because of its delicious meat, nutritive value it is high and
Economic benefit is big and has a vast market prospect.With breeding environment it is continuous deteriorate, it is the unreasonable raising of cultivation density, right
The germ plasm resource of shrimp such as is destroyed at the factors, causes disease frequently to occur on a large scale.In cultivation, disease frequently results in pair
Shrimp survival rate is low, and aquaculture cost is high, and huge economic loss is brought to shrimp agriculture.And the abuse of antibiotic also can be thin to causing at the same time
Bacterium produces drug resistance, suppresses the immunity of Penaeus Vannmei itself, and brings influence to environment and human health indirectly, it is endangered
It should not be underestimated.Immunopotentiator can be by improving the non-specific immune function of body, to strengthen body resisting stress and to cause of disease
The resistivity of body, because which overcoming many defects of antibiotic, the advantages that green and broad-spectrum antiseptic, is increasingly subject to people's
Pay attention to.
But research of the immunopotentiator in prawn culturing is not perfect at present, different types of immunopotentiator is exempted from
Epidemic disease regulation mechanism and growth effect to Penaeus Vannmei are different, and immunopotentiator can be by when playing the effect of its immunoregulation
To the influence of different additive amount, fatigue phenomenon is immunized caused by heavy dose, long-time service immunopotentiator are possible.Therefore it is immune
Reinforcing agent scientific compatibility reasonable combination in penaeus vannamei boone feed, can just make it preferably play effect, reach safe and efficient
Improve Penaeus Vannmei immunocompetence in ground.
The content of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of scientific compatibility, palatability is good, growth is rapid,
Water stability is good, feed coefficient is low, survival rate is high, the significant immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed of culture benefit.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, is counted in parts by weight, including following components：20-25 parts of fish meal, beans
12-23 parts of the dregs of rice, 10-15 parts of peanut meal, 15-25 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0-7 parts of brewer's yeast, 2-5 parts of fermented bean dregs,
1-4 parts of fish oil, 0-1.5 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.5-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 0-0.5 parts of cholesterol, 0.2-0.4 parts of composite immune reinforcing agent,
1-5 parts of multi-vitamins, 1-3 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.0 parts of compound amino acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of binder.
Further, the composite immune reinforcing agent by 0.15-0.25 parts of beta glucans, 0.04-0.1 parts of manna oligosacchrides and
0.01-0.05 parts of chitosan-zn compositions.
It is further preferred that the weight proportion of the beta glucan, manna oligosacchride and chitosan-zn is 20：5-10：1-5.
Even more preferably, the weight proportion of the beta glucan, manna oligosacchride and chitosan-zn is 20：7：3.
Further, the multi-vitamins include vitamin A acetate, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, cigarette
Acid, vitamin B1, vitamin K, vitamin D, alpha-tocopherol, biotin, folic acid, vitamin C, choline chloride, inositol, pantothenic acid
Calcium.
It is further preferred that the multi-vitamins are by 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamin A acetate, 0.4-0.6 parts of vitamins
B2, 0.010-0.015 parts of vitamin Bs12, 0.3-0.5 parts of pyridoxines, 0.1-0.3 parts of nicotinic acid, 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamin Bs1、
0.03-0.05 parts of vitamin Ks, 0.08-0.12 parts of vitamin Ds, 0.3-0.5 parts of alpha-tocopherols, 0.008-0.012 parts of biotins,
0.024-0.026 parts of folic acid, 0.08-0.12 parts of vitamin Cs, 0.4-0.6 parts of choline chlorides, 0.3-0.5 parts of inositols, 0.25-
0.30 part of calcium pantothenate composition.
Even more preferably, the multi-vitamins are by 0.02 part of vitamin A acetate, 0.5 part of vitamin B2、
0.012 part of vitamin B12, 0.4 part of pyridoxine, 0.2 part of nicotinic acid, 0.02 part of vitamin B1, 0.04 part of vitamin K, 0.1 part of dimension life
Plain D, 0.4 part of alpha-tocopherol, 0.01 part of biotin, 0.025 part of folic acid, 0.1 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of flesh
Alcohol, 0.28 part of calcium pantothenate composition.
Further, the composite mineral salt includes calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, seven water sulfuric acid Asia zinc, carbonic acid
Calcium, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium chloride, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt chloride.
It is further preferred that the composite mineral salt is by 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, seven water sulfuric acid of 0.03-0.05 parts
Ferrous iron, seven water sulfuric acid Asia zinc of 0.008-0.012 parts, 0.3-0.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.14-0.16 parts of potassium chloride, 0.008-0.012
Part potassium iodide, 0.06-0.10 parts of sodium chloride, 0.008-0.012 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrates, 0.006-0.010 parts of manganese sulfates, 0.2-
0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.001-0.003 parts of cobalt chloride compositions.
Even more preferably, the composite mineral salt is by 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04 part of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01
Seven water sulfuric acid Asia zinc of part, 0.4 part of calcium carbonate, 0.15 part of potassium chloride, 0.01 part of potassium iodide, 0.08 part of sodium chloride, 0.01 part of five water
Copper sulphate, 0.008 part of manganese sulfate, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.002 part of cobalt chloride composition.
Further, the compound amino acid is made of methionine, threonine and lysine.
It is further preferred that the compound amino acid is by the weight proportion of methionine, threonine and lysine is 2：1：5,
It is used cooperatively with beta glucan, manna oligosacchride and chitosan-zn, significant synergistic function can be produced.
It is further preferred that the binder is 1 part.
Further, the binder is sodium alginate.
The nutritional ingredient of the immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed forms：Crude protein 36-
45%, crude fat 6.5-9%, carbohydrate 28-37%, crude fibre 4-9%, ash 8-10%, remaining is moisture.
A kind of preparation method of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, comprises the following steps：
(1) premix of basal feed is prepared：Weigh 20-25 parts of fish meal, 12-23 parts of dregs of beans, 10-15 parts of peanut meal, face
15-25 parts of powder, 1-5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0-7 parts of brewer's yeast, 2-5 parts of fermented bean dregs, 0-0.5 parts of cholesterol are pre-mixed, and are formed
The premix of basal feed；
(2) crush：The premix of basal feed prepared by step (1) carries out ultra-fine grinding, then crosses 60-200 mesh sieves,
Obtain basal feed；
(3) additive premix is prepared：Weigh 1-5 parts of multi-vitamins, 1-3 parts of composite mineral salt, compound amino acid
0.6-1.0 parts, 0.8-1.2 parts of binder is simultaneously pre-mixed, and obtains additive premix；
(4) batch mixing：The basal feed that step (2) is prepared, the additive premix that step (3) is prepared are multiple
0.2-0.4 parts of immunopotentiator of conjunction, 1-4 parts of fish oil, 0-1.5 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.5-3 parts of soybean lecithin are uniformly mixed；
(5) material of step (4) after mixing is sent into storehouse to be pelletized, is passed through steam, with granulator by mixture system
Into feed granules；
(6) feed granules of step (5) are crossed into standard screen after further being cured in stablizing ager, in 24 mesh and 12 mesh
Between pellet (or grain diameter is between 0.8~1.6mm) be the immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed.
The molecular signal that beta glucan produces stimulates body to produce new leucocyte, so as to promote to grow, accelerates wound and is cured
Close.In the immune system of prawn, by combining receptor β-glucan-binding protein (β GBP) in prawn serum, beta glucan can
Hemolymph granular cell film surface is connected to, induced particle cell discharges serine.Serine activates proPO systems, makes enzyme
Original is changed into active phenol oxidase (PO enzymes), and PO enzyme reactions generate the high active substance such as melanin and quinone peroxide, clearly
Remove and eliminate external microorganism.Improve the immunity of prawn using beta glucan, common method have dipping bath, injection and
Added in feed.But largely addition beta glucan can make prawn produce immune fatigue to continuation for a long time.
The presence of coordinate bond causes the intermolecular force of chitosan and some keys of intramolecular in chitosan metal complexes
Change, formed with the weak tendency structure being broken beneficial to chitosan molecule chain.Chitosan-zn can improve chitosan and remove animal body
The efficiency of interior free radical.The significant effect that the antibacterial and raising prawn of the complex of chitosan and Zn is immunized is higher than chitosan, Zn
The effect individually acted on.
Manna oligosacchride not only by improving the intestinal mucosa form of prawn, improves height of naps and density, expands enteron aisle
Absorption area, so as to promote digesting and assimilating for nutriment；But also can be by adjusting the enteric microorganism bacterium of aquatic livestock
Group, promotes the breeding of beneficial bacterium, microbiota good in enteron aisle is formed, so as to improve the growth efficiency of prawn.Sweet dew is few
Sugar can be combined with bacterium, virus, toxin and eucaryote, and manna oligosacchride is delayed by serving as the auxiliary agents of these exogenous antigens
The absorption of antigen is solved, strengthens the humoral immunity and cellular immunity of body.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) feed of the invention can comprehensively meet the nutritional need of Penaeus Vannmei；
(2) feed of the invention overcomes the unbalanced problem of single Proteinogenic amino acids, is conducive to improve feed conversion
Rate, reduces ammonia nitrogen discharge, reduces environmental pollution.Crystalline amino acid content is appropriate in feed, on the one hand reduces excessive crystallization ammonia
Base acid cannot be by using the adverse effect brought, and on the other hand, the crystalline amino acid of use also has Penaeus Vannmei in food calling work
With.
(3) feed of the invention is free of any poisonous and harmful element, and each raw material rational proportion, synergistic effect, can effectively carry
High Penaeus Vannmei exempts from autoimmunity and disease resistance, promotes Penaeus Vannmei growth, improves survival rate, improves culturing economic
Benefit；
(4) feed palatability of the invention is good, and production technology is similar to general pellet, easy to large-scale promotion.
Embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, it is described further in conjunction with specific examples below, but the present invention is unlimited
In specific embodiment.
The feed of each embodiment and comparative example is subjected to feeding trial, in terms of air dry matter weight.
Table 1：The feed formula of each embodiment and comparative example.
Specific growth rate SGR (%d-1)=100 × (the initial counterpoises of the whole end counterpoise-ln of ln)/experiment number of days；
Rate of body weight gain WG (the %)=initial counterpoise in (end counterpoise-initial counterpoise eventually) × 100/；
Sheng Xia mantissa × 100/, which is tested, at the end of survival rate SR (%)=experiment starts Shi Fang shrimps mantissa；
Feed coefficient (FCR)=feedstuff feeding amount/(whole opisthosoma weight-original body mass)；
Protein efficiency ratio, PER (PER)=(whole opisthosoma weight-original body mass)/protein feeding volume.
According to the formula forage of table 1, raising Penaeus Vannmei 60 days, the feed coefficient 1.18 of embodiment 1 is than comparative example 1
1.3 is low, and the specific growth rate 4.57 of embodiment 1 is significantly higher than the 4.17 of comparative example 1, and the growth rate 1356.67% of embodiment 1 is aobvious
1228.9% higher than comparative example 1 is write, the survival rate 97.8% of embodiment 1 is significantly higher than the 73.67% of comparative example 1.From immune
From the point of view of index, phenol oxidase (PO enzymes) activity, antalzyme activity compared with comparative example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention significantly improve, SOD
Enzymatic activity significantly increases.The survival rate 96.9% of embodiment 2, the survival rate 96.6% of embodiment 3.
The constituent analysis of embodiment 1：Protein 42%, lipase 37 .6%, ash content 8.5%, water 9%, and part carbon aquation
Compound, mineral matter etc..
The survival rate of comparative example 2 is 83.9%, and the survival rate of comparative example 3 is 81.9%, and the survival rate of comparative example 4 is
81.2%, the survival rate of comparative example 5 is 89.8%.
Beta glucan, manna oligosacchride and chitosan-zn are according to specific proportioning, and the egg ammonia with addition in embodiment 1
Acid, threonine and lysine act synergistically between each other, effectively increase Penaeus Vannmei and exempt from autoimmunity and disease resistance,
Penaeus Vannmei growth is promoted, significantly improves survival rate, the survival rate of 1 Penaeus Vannmei of embodiment is significantly higher than comparative example
1-5, effectively increases fanning economics.
The foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every utilization
The equivalent transformation that the present invention makees, is directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, is similarly included in the present invention's
Among scope of patent protection.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, it is characterised in that count in parts by weight, including following components：Fish meal 20-25 parts, 12-23 parts of dregs of beans, 10-15 parts of peanut meal, 15-25 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0-7 parts of brewer's yeast, fermentation 2-5 parts of dregs of beans, 1-4 parts of fish oil, 0-1.5 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.5-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 0-0.5 parts of cholesterol, composite immune reinforcing agent 0.2-0.4 parts, 1-5 parts of multi-vitamins, 1-3 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.0 parts of compound amino acid, binder 0.8-1.2 Part.
- 2. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the complex immunity enhancing Agent is made of 0.15-0.25 parts of beta glucans, 0.04-0.1 parts of manna oligosacchrides and 0.01-0.05 parts of chitosan-zns.
- 3. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the beta glucan, sweet The weight proportion for revealing oligosaccharides and chitosan-zn is 20：5-10：1-5.
- 4. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the multi-vitamins bag Include vitamin A acetate, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin K, vitamin D, α-fertility Phenol, biotin, folic acid, vitamin C, choline chloride, inositol, calcium pantothenate.
- 5. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the multi-vitamins by 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamin A acetate, 0.4-0.6 parts of vitamin Bs2, 0.010-0.015 parts of vitamin Bs12, 0.3-0.5 parts of pyrroles Tremble element, 0.1-0.3 parts of nicotinic acid, 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamin Bs1, 0.03-0.05 parts of vitamin Ks, 0.08-0.12 parts of vitamin Ds, 0.3-0.5 parts of alpha-tocopherols, 0.008-0.012 parts of biotins, 0.024-0.026 parts of folic acid, 0.08-0.12 parts of vitamin Cs, 0.4-0.6 parts of choline chlorides, 0.3-0.5 parts of inositols, 0.25-0.30 parts of calcium pantothenate compositions.
- 6. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the composite mineral salt bag Include calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, seven water sulfuric acid Asia zinc, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium chloride, five water sulfuric acid Copper, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt chloride.
- 7. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the composite mineral salt by 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.03-0.05 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrates, seven water sulfuric acid Asia zinc of 0.008-0.012 parts, 0.3-0.5 Part calcium carbonate, 0.14-0.16 parts of potassium chloride, 0.008-0.012 parts of potassium iodide, 0.06-0.10 parts of sodium chloride, 0.008-0.012 Part cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 0.006-0.010 parts of manganese sulfates, 0.2-0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.001-0.003 parts of cobalt chlorides compositions.
- 8. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the compound amino acid by Methionine, threonine and lysine composition.
- 9. immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the methionine, Soviet Union's ammonia The weight proportion of acid and lysine is 2：1：5.
- 10. a kind of preparation method of immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed according to any one of claim 1-9, its It is characterized in that, comprises the following steps：(1) premix of basal feed is prepared：Weigh 20-25 parts of fish meal, 12-23 parts of dregs of beans, 10-15 parts of peanut meal, flour 15- 25 parts, 1-5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0-7 parts of brewer's yeast, 2-5 parts of fermented bean dregs, 0-0.5 parts of cholesterol is pre-mixed, and basis of formation is raised The premix of material；(2) crush：The premix of basal feed prepared by step (1) carries out ultra-fine grinding, then crosses 60-200 mesh sieves, obtains Basal feed；(3) additive premix is prepared：Weigh 1-5 parts of multi-vitamins, 1-3 parts of composite mineral salt, compound amino acid 0.6-1.0 Part, 0.8-1.2 parts of binder is simultaneously pre-mixed, and obtains additive premix；(4) batch mixing：The basal feed that step (2) is prepared, the additive premix that step (3) is prepared are compound to exempt from 0.2-0.4 parts of epidemic disease reinforcing agent, 1-4 parts of fish oil, 0-1.5 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.5-3 parts of soybean lecithin are uniformly mixed；(5) material of step (4) after mixing is sent into storehouse to be pelletized, is passed through steam, feeding is made in mixture with granulator Expect particle；(6) feed granules of step (5) are crossed into standard screen after further being cured in stablizing ager, between 24 mesh and 12 mesh Pellet be the immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108782969A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-11-13 | 厦门同欣荣饲料科技有限公司 | A kind of prawn feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109673869A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-26 | 南京瑞碧斯生物科技有限公司 | A kind of shrimp and crab bait and its application for repairing immune anti-stress ability |
| CN110353128A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-22 | 珠海市德海生物科技有限公司 | A kind of environment-protecting feed of strengthen immunity and preparation method thereof |
| CN110856478A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2020-03-03 | 谢金燕 | Crisped grass carp breeding method |
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| CN114223815A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 河北蜂桐生物科技有限公司 | Shrimp feed, preparation method thereof and application thereof in penaeus vannamei boone culture |
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| CN110856478A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2020-03-03 | 谢金燕 | Crisped grass carp breeding method |
| CN109673869A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-26 | 南京瑞碧斯生物科技有限公司 | A kind of shrimp and crab bait and its application for repairing immune anti-stress ability |
| CN110353128A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-22 | 珠海市德海生物科技有限公司 | A kind of environment-protecting feed of strengthen immunity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112753897A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Penaeus vannamei compound feed utilizing fermented sea-buckthorn pomace and application thereof |
| CN114223815A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 河北蜂桐生物科技有限公司 | Shrimp feed, preparation method thereof and application thereof in penaeus vannamei boone culture |
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