CN107912605A - A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107912605A CN107912605A CN201711322247.5A CN201711322247A CN107912605A CN 107912605 A CN107912605 A CN 107912605A CN 201711322247 A CN201711322247 A CN 201711322247A CN 107912605 A CN107912605 A CN 107912605A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
This application involves milk cow forage processing technique field, and in particular to a kind of milk cow alfalfa silage and preparation method thereof.The milk cow alfalfa silage, specifically includes following component and the raw material of parts by weight：20 40 parts of alfalfa, 60 200 parts of rye grass, 5 10 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 5 20 parts of hawthorn, 24 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 4.0mg/kg 7.0mg/kg, prevent milk cow from often eating caused cud air-blowing by increasing hawthorn powder, and by increasing sweet sorghum stalk, astragalus polyose improves the palatability of alfalfa silage feed；The preparation method, preparation process is simple, reduce the pH value of ensilage, improve the content of lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates, significantly improve the Silage Quality of alfalfa, it is a kind of effective means that winter lacks fresh herbage in solution Livestock Production, to rationally having great importance using alfalfa.
Description
Technical field
This application involves milk cow forage processing technique field, and in particular to a kind of milk cow alfalfa silage and its
Preparation method.
Background technology
Ensilage is a kind of feed, is formed, is mainly used for after sealing, fermenting by the plant feed more than moisture content
Feeding of ruminant animals.Ensilage is better than dry feed than fresh feed shelf-stable, nutritional ingredient.In addition, ensilage storage accounts for
Ground lacks, and does not have fire problem.
Ensilage be by moisture content be 65%-75% green forage after chopping, under conditions of airtight anoxia, lead to
The fermentation of anaerobism lactic acid bacteria is crossed, suppresses the breeding of various miscellaneous bacterias, and a kind of obtained roughage.Ensilage smell acid
Perfume, soft and succulency, palatability be good, it is full of nutrition, beneficial to the long-term excellent food for preserving, being the Herbivore domestic animal such as ox, sheep
Winter lacks one of main method of fresh herbage in source, and solution Livestock Production.
Alfalfa is perennial high-quality legume, and protein content is high, full of nutrition, is known as " King of Pasture ",
It is distributed mainly on the northern area of China.Due to alfalfa category legume, fresh grass sugar is low, and common ensiling is not easy success.It is existing
Alfalfa silage mainly improve feed performance in the following manner：Alfalfa ensilage feeding is added by regarding date powder as additive
Material, to promote fermentation；Alternatively, ensilage is added by regarding radix astragali and Astragalus Root P.E as additive, so as to improve
The performance of ensilage.However, above two ensiling way, is not easy to form low ph value state, it is difficult to meets newborn in ensilage
The demand of sour bacterium so that the nutritive value of ensilage is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is not easy to form low ph value state during the fermentation to solve existing milk cow with alfalfa silage, it is difficult to
Meets the problem of the needs of lactic acid bacteria in ensilage, the nutritive value of caused ensilage is relatively low, this application provides one
Kind milk cow alfalfa silage and preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, this application provides a kind of milk cow alfalfa silage, including
The raw material of following component and parts by weight：20-40 parts of alfalfa, 60-200 parts of rye grass, 5-10 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, hawthorn 5-
20 parts, 2-4 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 4.0mg/kg-7.0mg/kg.
Further, milk cow alfalfa silage includes following component and the raw material of parts by weight：Pale reddish brown lucerne
30 parts of Mu, 70 parts of rye grass, 8 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 10 parts of hawthorn, 3 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 6.0mg/kg.
Further, the milk cow alfalfa silage, including following component and the raw material of parts by weight：Pale reddish brown lucerne
40 parts of Mu, 200 parts of rye grass, 6 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 8 parts of hawthorn, 2 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 5.0mg/kg.
Further, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Gen-seng haulms 7-
10 parts, 1-2 parts of licorice.
Further, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Gen-seng haulms 8
Part, 1 part of licorice.
Further, the lactobacillus preparation is made of plant source Bacillus acidi lactici.
In addition, prepare milk cow alfalfa silage as claimed in claim 1 present invention also provides a kind of
Preparation method, specifically includes following steps：
Each raw material is weighed by parts by weight as claimed in claim 1；
Alfalfa, rye grass, sweet sorghum stalk are prescinded to 2-4cm using chopper, dried to leather hard, mixing
Uniformly obtain initial mixture；
Add the hawthorn powder crushed and obtain intermediate blend；
Astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation are mixed evenly to obtain total mixture；
The total mixture is sealed tightly by the way of bag ensiling is wrapped up in, it is that ensiling is raised that 30-60 days are stored under room temperature
Material.
The technical solution that the application provides includes following beneficial effect：The milk cow that the application provides is raised with Medicago Sativa Silage
Material, prevents milk cow from often eating caused cud air-blowing, by increasing sweet sorghum stalk, astragalus polyose by increasing hawthorn powder
Improve the palatability of alfalfa silage feed.In addition, the milk cow that the application provides is prepared with alfalfa silage
Method, preparation process is simple, reduces the pH value of ensilage, improves the content of lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates, bright
The aobvious Silage Quality for improving alfalfa；Ensilage protein content is improved, it is easy to operate, it is to solve the winter in Livestock Production
Lack a kind of effective means of fresh herbage season, to rationally having great importance using alfalfa.
Embodiment
Here exemplary embodiment will be illustrated in detail.Embodiment described in following exemplary embodiment
Do not represent all embodiments consistent with the application；On the contrary, they be only with it is being described in detail in the appended claims,
The example of the consistent method of some aspects of the application.
Ensilage be by moisture content be 65%-75% green forage after chopping, under conditions of airtight anoxia, lead to
The fermentation of anaerobism lactic acid bacteria is crossed, suppresses the breeding of various miscellaneous bacterias, and a kind of obtained roughage.Ensilage smell acid
Perfume, soft and succulency, palatability be good, it is full of nutrition, beneficial to the long-term excellent food for preserving, being the Herbivore domestic animal such as ox, sheep
Winter lacks one of main method of fresh herbage in source, and solution Livestock Production.
Alfalfa is perennial high-quality legume, and protein content is high, full of nutrition, is known as " King of Pasture ",
It is distributed mainly on the northern area of China.Due to alfalfa category legume, fresh grass sugar is low, and common ensiling is not easy success.It is existing
Alfalfa silage mainly improve feed performance in the following manner：Alfalfa ensilage feeding is added by regarding date powder as additive
Material, to promote fermentation；Alternatively, ensilage is added by regarding radix astragali and Astragalus Root P.E as additive, so as to improve
The performance of ensilage.However, above two ensiling way, is not easy to form low ph value state, it is difficult to meets newborn in ensilage
The demand of sour bacterium so that the nutritive value of ensilage is relatively low.
The principle of alfalfa silage is that lactic acid bacteria utilizes the soluble carbon hydrates such as the glucose in raw material, fructose
Thing, anaerobic fermentation produce organic acid (predominantly lactic acid), cause the pH value of alfalfa silage to reduce, and then suppress various
The activity of microorganism and increment, when pH value is reduced to less than 4.2, including the activity of lactic acid bacteria is also inhibited, so as to reach
The long-term purpose for preserving ensilage.
It is right with reference to embodiments for the technological means and effect that the application reaches predetermined purpose and taken is expanded on further
Embodiment, architectural feature and its effect of the application, describes in detail as follows.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage, it includes following component and the raw material of parts by weight：Alfalfa 20-40
Part, 60-200 parts of rye grass, 5-10 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 5-20 parts of hawthorn, 2-4 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 4.0mg/
kg-7.0mg/kg。
Alternatively, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Gen-seng haulms 7-10
Part, 1-2 parts of licorice.
The milk cow alfalfa silage that the application provides, prevents milk cow often eats from leading by increasing hawthorn powder
The cud air-blowing of cause, by increasing sweet sorghum stalk, astragalus polyose improves the palatability of alfalfa silage feed.This
Outside, the milk cow alfalfa silage that the application provides, preparation process is simple, reduces the pH value of ensilage, improves
The content of lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates, hence it is evident that improve the Silage Quality of alfalfa；Improve ensilage egg
Bai Hanliang, it is easy to operate, it is a kind of effective means that winter lacks fresh herbage in solution Livestock Production, to rationally using pale reddish brown
Clover has great importance.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage, including following component and the raw material of parts by weight：30 parts of alfalfa is black
70 parts of wheat straw, 8 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 10 parts of hawthorn, 3 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 6.0mg/kg.
Alternatively, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes 8 parts of gen-seng haulms, 1 part of licorice.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage, including following component and the raw material of parts by weight：40 parts of alfalfa is black
200 parts of wheat straw, 6 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 8 parts of hawthorn, 2 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 5.0mg/kg.
Alternatively, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes 7 parts of gen-seng haulms, 2 parts of licorice.
Embodiment 4：
A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage, including following component and the raw material of parts by weight：20 parts of alfalfa is black
80 parts of wheat straw, 5 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 5 parts of hawthorn, 2 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 4.0mg/kg.
Alternatively, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes 10 parts of gen-seng haulms, 2 parts of licorice.
Embodiment 5：
A kind of milk cow alfalfa silage, including following component and the raw material of parts by weight：40 parts of alfalfa is black
90 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 20 parts of hawthorn, 4 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 7.0mg/kg.
Alternatively, the milk cow alfalfa silage, further includes 8 parts of gen-seng haulms, 1 part of licorice.
Embodiment 6：
A kind of preparation method for preparing milk cow alfalfa silage as claimed in claim 1, specifically include with
Lower step：
Each raw material is weighed by parts by weight as claimed in claim 1；
Alfalfa, rye grass, sweet sorghum stalk are prescinded to 2-4cm using chopper, dried to leather hard, mixing
Uniformly obtain initial mixture；
Add the hawthorn powder crushed and obtain intermediate blend；
Astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation are mixed evenly to obtain total mixture；
The total mixture is sealed tightly by the way of bag ensiling is wrapped up in, it is that ensiling is raised that 30-60 days are stored under room temperature
Material.
Preferably, the rye grass is Italian ryegrass.
Preferably, alfalfa, rye grass, sweet sorghum stalk are prescinded to 2-4cm using chopper, dried to leather hard
State, the alfalfa, rye grass, the moisture of sweet sorghum stalk are 65%-70%.
Preferably, the total mixture is packed into silage silo, is sealed with plastic film after being successively compacted, store under room temperature
It is ensilage to hide 30 days.
The alfalfa silage that the application provides, by the way that rye grass and alfalfa are carried out mixed silage, due to
Contained dry matter is high in rye grass, protein is low and water soluble carbohydrates content is more, can make up purple to some extent
The shortcomings that buffer capacity is high during russian fenugreek herb independent ensiling, water soluble carbohydrates content is low, provides greatly for lactobacillus-fermented
The substrate of amount, so as to promote lactobacillus-fermented and produce substantial amounts of lactic acid, reduces the pH value of alfalfa silage.
When choosing Italian ryegrass, the characteristic of alfalfa and Italian ryegrass is referred to shown in following table：Pale reddish brown lucerne
Mu dry matter content is 175.01g/kg FW, and crude protein content is 224.78g/kg DM, and water soluble carbohydrates content is
32.58g/kgDW；Italian ryegrass dry matter content is 211.05g/kg FW, and crude protein content is 82.46g/kg DM, water
Soluble carbohydrate content is 94.09g/kg DM.Wherein, FW is fresh weight, and DM is dry matter.
Obtain the leaching liquor of the alfalfa silage, for measure the pH value of ensilage, ammoniacal nitrogen, lactic acid and
Volatile fatty acid contents, remaining ensilage, for measuring dry matter, total nitrogen and soluble sugar content.Wherein, ensilage
Each measure project obtains corresponding data using the measurement of common assay method：Such as, the pH value of ensilage HI223 type pH meters
Measure；Dry matter content：Ensilage dry 48h in 65 DEG C of baking ovens, until constant weight is weighed；Lactic acid content：Using to hydroxyl
Biphenyl colorimetric method for determining；Water-soluble carbohydrate content：Measured using Sulphuric acid-anthrone colorimetry.
Prepared respectively according to the preparation method that the component of embodiment 1- embodiments 5 and parts by weight are provided according to embodiment 6
Corresponding ensilage, accordingly labeled as five groups of B, C, D, E, F；By measure, comparative analysis is understood：With alfalfa with it is black
The weight part ratio of wheat straw is 3:7 pH value be 4.11, and with higher lactic acid content, minimum ammonia nitrogen content and at most
Water soluble carbohydrates, silage effect is most appropriate.
Wherein, 30 parts of the alfalfa in embodiment 2,70 parts of rye grass, 8 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 10 parts of hawthorn, radix astragali is more
3 parts of sugar, lactobacillus preparation 6.0mg/kg is most preferred embodiment；40 parts of alfalfa in embodiment 5,90 parts of rye grass, sweet tea are high
10 parts of fine strain of millet stalk, 20 parts of hawthorn, 4 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 7.0mg/kg are preferred embodiment.
In order to verify the validity of the alfalfa silage of the application offer, it is good to choose 36 6 monthly age health status
Good milk cow, takes completely randomized experiment to design, 36 milk cows is randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6), is divided into control group A and five examinations
Test group B, C, D, E, a F.Experiment milk cow takes group to give up feeding manner, and every group of 6 cow heads one enclose, and cow house is carried out before drylot feeding thorough
Clear up and sterilize, it is unified to carry out expelling parasite and be immunized.Feed 2 times (), free water day at early 7 points and at dusk 5 points.Test period is 8
In week, pre- raising is after a week using the alfalfa silage of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5
And the concentrated feed for same amount of arranging in pairs or groups respectively carries out five experiment group Bs of milk cow, C, D, E, F the feeding experiment of 8 weeks, control group A
Then normal diet is selected to feed, measure milk cow growth performance (feed intake, average daily gain, feedstuff-meat ratio).
Assay method and technical indicator are as follows：Feed intake (DMI)：Continuous two days measure record dry matter intakes weekly
(the record charge weight of one day and one day last surplus material weight)；Average daily gain (ADG)：In the just examination phase the 0th, 2,4,6,8 weeks
Morning 7：00 or so to experiment sheep weigh on an empty stomach, calculates average daily gain (ADG).
Pass through measure, it can be deduced that, the growth performance of C group milk cows is most preferable, that is, ensiling is raised in corresponding embodiment 2
Material formula：30 parts of alfalfa, 70 parts of rye grass, 8 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 10 parts of hawthorn, 3 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation
6.0mg/kg is most preferred embodiment；Using the weight part ratio of alfalfa and rye grass as 3:7 pH value is 4.11, and with higher
Lactic acid content, minimum ammonia nitrogen content and most water soluble carbohydrates, silage effect it is most appropriate.
It should be noted that term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to the bag of nonexcludability
Contain, so that article or equipment including a series of elements not only include those key elements, but also including not arranging clearly
The other element gone out, or further include as elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or device.Not more
In the case of limitation, the key element that is limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that in the process including the key element, side
Also there are other identical element in method, article or equipment.
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to the application's after considering this specification and putting into practice the invention applied here
Other embodiments.This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention, these modifications, purposes
Or adaptive change follows the general principle of the present invention and including untapped in the art known normal of the present invention
Knowledge or conventional techniques.Description and embodiments are considered only as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the application are by above
Claim point out.
It should be appreciated that the application is not limited to the method being described above, and its model can not departed from
Enclose and carry out various modifications and change.Scope of the present application is only limited by appended claim.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. milk cow alfalfa silage, it is characterised in that the raw material including following component and parts by weight：Pale reddish brown lucerne 20-40 parts of Mu, 60-200 parts of rye grass, 5-10 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 5-20 parts of hawthorn, 2-4 parts of astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation 4.0mg/kg-7.0mg/kg。
- 2. milk cow alfalfa silage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including following component and weight The raw material of part：30 parts of alfalfa, 70 parts of rye grass, 8 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 10 parts of hawthorn, 3 parts of astragalus polyose, lactic acid bacteria system Agent 6.0mg/kg.
- 3. milk cow alfalfa silage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including following component and weight The raw material of part：40 parts of alfalfa, 200 parts of rye grass, 6 parts of sweet sorghum stalk, 8 parts of hawthorn, 2 parts of astragalus polyose, lactic acid bacteria system Agent 5.0mg/kg.
- 4. according to claim 1-3 any one of them milk cow alfalfa silages, it is characterised in that further include following The raw material of parts by weight：7-10 parts of gen-seng haulms, 1-2 parts of licorice.
- 5. milk cow alfalfa silage according to claim 4, it is characterised in that further include following parts by weight Raw material：8 parts of gen-seng haulms, 1 part of licorice.
- 6. milk cow alfalfa silage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lactobacillus preparation is by planting Material resource Bacillus acidi lactici forms.
- A kind of 7. preparation method for preparing milk cow alfalfa silage as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that tool Body comprises the following steps：Each raw material is weighed by parts by weight as claimed in claim 1；Alfalfa, rye grass, sweet sorghum stalk are prescinded to 2-4cm using chopper, dried to leather hard, is uniformly mixed Obtain initial mixture；Add the hawthorn powder crushed and obtain intermediate blend；Astragalus polyose, lactobacillus preparation are mixed evenly to obtain total mixture；The total mixture is sealed tightly by the way of bag ensiling is wrapped up in, it is ensilage that 30-60 days are stored under room temperature.
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| CN110679749A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-14 | 贵州大学 | Fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle in fattening period |
| CN111011615A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for preparing sweet sorghum stretching film wrapped silage for feeding dairy cows |
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| CN113397038A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 大理白族自治州畜牧工作站 | Preparation and use methods of alfalfa silage additive |
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| 陆银: "黄芪与山楂复合物对苜蓿青贮的品质和有氧稳定性的影响", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》 * |
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| CN109393170A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波天赋饲料科技有限公司 | A kind of fermented feed of lactating cow |
| CN110679749A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-14 | 贵州大学 | Fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle in fattening period |
| CN110679749B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2023-01-03 | 贵州大学 | Fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle in fattening period |
| CN111011615A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for preparing sweet sorghum stretching film wrapped silage for feeding dairy cows |
| CN111328915A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-26 | 宁夏农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所(有限公司) | Daylily stem and leaf coated silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN113397038A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 大理白族自治州畜牧工作站 | Preparation and use methods of alfalfa silage additive |
| CN115606694A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2023-01-17 | 南京农业大学 | Method for increasing content of beta-carotene in alfalfa silage |
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