CN107891863A - 车辆和用于车辆的启动/停止方法 - Google Patents
车辆和用于车辆的启动/停止方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开涉及车辆和用于车辆的启动/停止方法。一种车辆包括发动机、自动变速器和控制器。发动机被配置为自动启动和自动停止。自动变速器具有线控换挡挡位选择器。控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机正在运行时将所述挡位选择器换挡到空挡位置,命令发动机自动停止。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及用于车辆发动机的控制***。
背景技术
混合动力车辆和微混合动力车辆可包括被配置为关闭车辆的发动机以提高燃料经济性并降低排放的控制***。
发明内容
一种车辆包括发动机、自动变速器和控制器。发动机被配置为自动启动和自动停止。自动变速器具有线控换挡挡位选择器。控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机正在运行时将所述挡位选择器换挡到空挡位置,命令发动机自动停止。
一种车辆包括发动机、自动变速器和控制器。发动机被配置为自动启动和自动停止。自动变速器具有线控换挡挡位选择器。控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止时将所述挡位选择器换挡到空挡位置,禁止发动机自动启动。
一种车辆发动机启动/停止控制方法包括:在车辆发动机正在运行时通过线控换挡挡位选择器将自动变速器换挡到空挡位置,并响应于所述换挡而使发动机自动停止。
附图说明
图1是表示车辆和车辆动力传动***的示意图;以及
图2是示出了自动停止和自动启动车辆中的发动机的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而,将理解,公开的实施例仅为示例并且其它实施例可采取各种可替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制;一些特征会被夸大或最小化以显示特定部件的细节。因此,在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应该被解释为限制,而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用实施例的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解的,参考任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合,以产生未被明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而,与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
参照图1,示出了表示车辆10和车辆动力传动***的图示。车辆10包括被配置为将动力传递通过动力传动***并传递到至少一个驱动轮14的发动机12。车辆10可以是包括马达/发电机(M/G)16的混合动力车辆,M/G 16也被配置为将动力传递通过动力传动***并传递到至少一个驱动轮14。M/G16可被配置为作为马达和发电机两者运转。当作为马达运转时,M/G 16可从牵引电池17接收电力。当作为发电机运转时,M/G 16可将电力输送到牵引电池17,以对牵引电池17进行再充电。发动机12可被配置为通过发动机分离离合器18选择性地连接到动力传动***以及与动力传动***断开连接。动力传动***还可包括变速器(或齿轮箱)20。变速器20可以是包括齿轮组(未示出)的自动变速器,所述齿轮组通过诸如离合器和制动器(未示出)的摩擦元件的选择性接合而被选择性地置于不同的齿轮比,以建立期望的多个离散或阶梯传动比。摩擦元件是通过换挡计划可控的,所述换挡计划连接和断开齿轮组的特定元件以控制变速器输出轴与变速器输入轴之间的传动比。
变速器20还可包括挡位选择器22,挡位选择器22允许操作者在驻车挡(P)位置、倒车挡(R)位置、空挡(N)位置、前进挡(D)位置、运动挡(S)位置和低速挡(L)位置之间对变速器20进行换挡。挡位选择器22可以是线控换挡挡位选择器,该线控换挡挡位选择器将信号发送到变速器20(或它的控制器),以在驻车挡(P)位置、倒车挡(R)位置、空挡(N)位置、前进挡(D)位置、运动挡(S)位置和低速挡(L)位置之间对变速器20进行换挡。从挡位选择器22发送的信号可以是经由电线传输到变速器20的电信号,或者可以是经由无线传输器传输到变速器20的无线信号。可经由本领域知悉的任何已知的无线技术进行无线通信。挡位选择器22可以是杆、拨盘、一个或更多个按钮、触摸屏或本领域已知的可用作挡位选择器的任何其它用户界面。挡位选择器22可以是本领域已知的任何用户界面的组合。
动力传动***还包括诸如动力传动***控制单元(PCU)的相关联的控制器24。虽然被示出为一个控制器,但控制器24可以是较大控制***的一部分并且可以通过遍布车辆10的各种其它控制器(诸如车辆***控制器(VSC))进行控制。因此应理解,控制器24和一个或更多个其它控制器可以统称为“控制器”,所述“控制器”响应于来自各种传感器的信号而控制各种致动器,以控制诸如启动/停止发动机12、运转M/G 16以提供车轮扭矩或对电池充电、选择或计划变速器20的换挡、基于来自挡位选择器22的输入而将变速器20转换到期望的挡位、断开/闭合发动机分离离合器18等的功能。控制器24可包括与各种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理器(CPU)。例如,计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)中的易失性和非易失性存储器。KAM是可以用于在CPU掉电时存储各种操作变量的持久性或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以使用任意数量的已知存储装置来实现,诸如PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、闪存或能够存储数据的任何其它电、磁、光学或组合的存储装置,所述数据中的一些代表由控制器使用以控制发动机12或车辆10的可执行指令。
可以通过一个或更多个附图中的流程图或类似图表来表示通过控制器24执行的控制逻辑或功能。这些附图提供可以使用一个或更多个处理策略(诸如事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等)来实现的代表性控制策略和/或逻辑。因此,示出的多个步骤或功能可以以示出的序列执行、并行执行或在某些情况下被省略。尽管没有总是明确地示出,但是本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,根据使用的特定处理策略,可以重复执行所示出的步骤或功能中的一个或更多个。类似地,处理顺序对于实现在此描述的特征和优点并非是必需的,而是为了便于说明和描述而提供。控制逻辑可以主要在通过基于微处理器的车辆、发动机和/或动力传动***控制器(诸如控制器24)执行的软件中实现。当然,根据特定应用,可以在一个或更多个控制器中的软件、硬件或者软件和硬件的组合中实现控制逻辑。当在软件中实现时,控制逻辑可以设置在存储有代表通过计算机执行以控制车辆或其子***的代码或指令的数据的一个或更多个计算机可读存储装置或介质中。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以包括利用电、磁和/或光学存储器来保持可执行指令和关联的校准信息、操作变量等的多个已知物理装置中的一个或更多个。
车辆10的操作者可使用加速踏板26来提供需求的扭矩、动力或驱动命令以推进车辆10。通常,踩下和松开加速踏板26分别产生可被控制器24解释为增加动力或减小动力的需求的加速踏板位置信号。车辆10的操作者还可使用制动踏板28来提供需求的制动扭矩以使车辆减慢。通常,踩下制动踏板28产生可被控制器24解释为减小车速的需求的制动踏板位置信号。基于来自加速踏板26和制动踏板28的输入,控制器24向发动机12、M/G 16和/或摩擦制动器30命令扭矩。摩擦制动器30可包括电子驻车制动器。电子驻车制动器可根据车辆10的特定状况而通过控制器24被激活。电子驻车制动器也可在车辆操作者通过用户界面32选择激活电子驻车制动器时被激活。用户界面32可以是激活电子开关以启用电子驻车制动器的按钮。
控制器24可被配置为从传感器34接收信号,传感器34被配置为检测车辆10的前进运动或倒车运动。传感器34可以是检测车辆10的车轮14或车轴的旋转速度的转速传感器。可选地,传感器34可以是加速度计、GPS***或能够检测车辆10的运动的任何其它装置。
控制器24还可被配置为从坡度传感器36接收信号,坡度传感器36被配置为确定车辆10正在静置或行驶的道路或表面的当前坡度或斜率。坡度传感器36可以是加速度计、GPS***或能够检测车辆10正在静置或行驶的道路或表面的当前坡度或斜率的任何其它装置。
车辆10可包括被配置为将加热后或冷却后的空气输送到车辆10的车厢的加热、通风和空气调节(HVAC)***38。HVAC***38可包括将加热后或冷却后的空气输送到车厢的电风扇或鼓风机。HVAC***38可引导空气通过发动机冷却***的加热器芯,以在将空气输送到车辆车厢之前加热空气。HVAC***38可引导空气通过制冷剂***的蒸发器,以在将空气输送到车辆车厢之前冷却空气。HVAC***38可在设置为除霜模式时将空气引导到车窗的内侧。除霜模式还可包括将电力引导到直接附连到车窗的电阻器。在HVAC***38处于最大加热模式、最大空气调节模式或最大除霜模式时,可将鼓风机设置为最大转速。最大空气调节模式可包括以最大功率输出容量运转制冷剂***的压缩机。最大除霜模式还可包括以最大功率输出容量运转制冷剂***的压缩机。HVAC***38包括用户界面,该用户界面允许操作者将HVAC设置为任何期望的增量式加热、冷却或除霜设置。增量式加热、冷却和除霜设置可包括在零与最大加热、冷却和除霜设置之间的一系列增量式设置。
发动机12可被配置为基于车辆10的各种状况而自动启动或自动停止。控制器24可命令起动马达(可选地可以是起动发电一体机)40转动发动机12的曲轴,以启动发动机12。可选地,控制器24可通过闭合发动机分离离合器18来命令M/G 16转动发动机12的曲轴。
车辆10的各种***可包括***故障42。控制器24可被配置为响应于车辆的各种***的特定***故障42而自动启动发动机12和/或应用电子驻车制动器。可能需要自动启动发动机12和/或应用电子驻车制动器的***故障42包括变速器换挡故障、变速器挡位位置故障、变速器电动油泵故障(在变速器电动油泵发生故障的情况下自动启动发动机将给变速器机械油泵提供动力)、变速器储液器中的液位小于阈值(在变速器储液器中的变速器油位过低的情况下自动启动发动机将给变速器机械油泵提供动力)、供电故障、交流发电机故障、车速故障、加速踏板故障、制动踏板故障、距离传感器(range sensor)故障等。
控制器24可被配置为经由电信号接收图1中示出的各种车辆部件的各种状态或状况。可经由输入信道将电信号从各种部件传输到控制器24。此外,从各种部件接收的电信号可指示用于改变或更改车辆10的一个或更多个相应部件的状态的请求或命令。控制器24包括被配置为(经由电信号)将请求或命令传输到各种车辆部件的输出信道。控制器24包括控制逻辑和/或算法,所述控制逻辑和/或算法被配置为基于各种车辆部件的请求、命令、状况或状态而产生通过输出信道传输的请求或命令。
在图1中以虚线示出了输入信道和输出信道。应理解的是,单条虚线可表示进入单个元件的输入信道和离开单个元件的输出信道两者。此外,离开一个元件的输出信道可用作进入另一个元件的输入信道,反之亦然。
应理解的是,本文描述的车辆构造仅为示例性的并且不意在限制。其它非混合动力或混合动力车辆构造应解释为被本文所公开。其它车辆构造可包括但不限于微混合动力车辆、串联混合动力车辆、并联混合动力车辆、混联式混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)或本领域普通技术人员已知的任何其它车辆构造。
参照图2,示出了自动停止和自动启动发动机12的方法100。方法100可作为控制逻辑和/或算法存储在控制器24内。控制器24可通过控制车辆10的各种部件来实施方法100。方法100始于开始框102处。一旦方法100开始,方法100便移动到框104,在框104处确定线控换挡挡位选择器22是否已从包括驻车挡(P)位置、倒车挡(R)位置、前进挡(D)位置、运动挡(S)位置和低速挡(L)位置的任何其它位置换挡到空挡(N)位置。当在框104处确定挡位选择器22是否已换挡到空挡(N)位置时,发动机12可能正在运行或已自动停止。如果确定挡位选择器22未换挡到空挡(N)位置,则方法100在框106处结束。如果确定挡位选择器22已换挡到空挡(N)位置,则方法100移动到框108。在框108处,如果在挡位选择器22换挡到空挡(N)位置时发动机12正在运行,则命令发动机12自动停止。可在挡位选择器22换挡到空挡(N)位置之后立即(没有时间延迟)命令发动机12自动停止。可选地,在框108处,如果在挡位选择器22换挡到空挡(N)位置之前发动机12已自动停止,则禁止发动机12自动启动。可在有或没有来自车辆操作者的经由制动踏板28应用摩擦制动器30的同时命令的情况下,在框108处自动停止发动机12或禁止发动机12自动启动。
一旦在框108处获得发动机12自动停止同时挡位选择器22处于空挡(N)位置的状况,方法100便将确定在挡位选择器22保持在空挡(N)位置时需要发动机12自动启动的一个或更多个状况是否出现。需要发动机12自动启动的状况可包括但不限于检测到车辆10的倒车运动、道路坡度大于阈值、检测到特定的车辆故障、牵引电池17的荷电小于阈值和将HVAC***38激活到特定设置。
在框110处,方法100确定在发动机12自动停止并且挡位选择器22处于空挡(N)位置时是否已检测到车辆10的倒车运动。如果未检测到车辆10的倒车运动,则方法100在框106处结束。如果检测到车辆10的倒车运动,则方法100移动到框112,在框112处命令发动机12自动启动。还可响应于检测到车辆10的倒车运动而在框112处应用电子驻车制动器。
在框114处,方法100确定车辆10所位于的表面(例如,路面)的坡度是否大于阈值。如果坡度不大于阈值,则方法100在框106处结束。如果坡度大于阈值,则方法100移动到框112,在框112处命令发动机12自动启动。还可响应于坡度大于阈值而在框112处应用电子驻车制动器。
在框116处,方法100确定在发动机12自动停止并且挡位选择器22处于空挡(N)位置时是否已检测到需要自动启动发动机12的特定车辆故障。需要自动启动发动机12的特定故障包括变速器换挡故障、变速器挡位位置故障、变速器电动油泵故障、变速器储液器中的液位小于阈值、供电故障、交流发电机故障、车速故障、加速踏板故障、制动踏板故障、挡位传感器故障等。如果未检测到需要自动启动发动机12的特定车辆故障,则方法100在框106处结束。如果检测到需要自动启动发动机12的特定车辆故障,则方法100移动到框112,在框112处命令发动机12自动启动。还可响应于检测到需要自动启动发动机12的特定车辆故障而在框112处应用电子驻车制动器。
在框118处,方法100确定在发动机12自动停止并且挡位选择器22处于空挡(N)位置时牵引电池17的荷电是否小于阈值。如果牵引电池17的荷电不小于阈值,则方法100在框106处结束。如果牵引电池17的荷电小于阈值,则方法移动到框120,在框120处命令发动机12自动启动。
在框122处,方法100确定在发动机12自动停止并且挡位选择器22处于空挡(N)位置时HVAC***38是否已被激活到特定设置。如果HVAC***38尚未被激活到特定设置,则方法100在框106处结束。如果HVAC***38已被激活到特定设置,则方法100移动到框120,在框120处命令发动机12自动启动。HVAC***38的需要发动机12自动启动的特定设置可包括以任何增量式设置激活HVAC***的任何模式(加热、冷却、除霜等)。可选地,HVAC***38的需要发动机12自动启动的特定设置可包括以最大设置或以特定阈值以上的增量式设置激活鼓风机、以最大设置或以特定阈值以上的增量式设置激活加热模式、以最大设置或以特定阈值以上的增量式设置激活空气调节模式或者以最大设置或以特定阈值以上的增量式设置激活除霜模式。
应理解的是,图2中的流程图仅用于说明性目的,并且方法100不应该被解释为限于图2中的流程图。方法100的一些步骤可重排,同时其它步骤可被完全省略。
说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语,并且将理解,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下可以做出各种改变。如前所述,各个实施例的特征可被组合,以形成可能未被明确描述或说明的进一步的实施例。虽然各个实施例可能已被描述为提供优点或者在一个或更多个期望特性方面优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式,但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到,根据具体应用和实施方式,一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的整体***属性。因此,被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外,并且可被期望用于特定的应用。
Claims (20)
1.一种车辆,包括:
发动机,被配置为自动启动和自动停止;
自动变速器,具有线控换挡挡位选择器;和
控制器,被配置为:响应于在发动机正在运行时将所述挡位选择器换挡到空挡位置,命令发动机自动停止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时检测到车辆的倒车运动,命令发动机自动启动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆,还包括电子驻车制动器,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时检测到车辆的倒车运动,激活电子驻车制动器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时道路坡度大于阈值,命令发动机自动启动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆,还包括电子驻车制动器,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时道路坡度大于阈值,激活电子驻车制动器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时检测到车辆故障,命令发动机自动启动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆,还包括电子驻车制动器,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时检测到车辆故障,激活电子驻车制动器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时电池荷电小于阈值,命令发动机自动启动。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时激活HVAC***,命令发动机自动启动。
10.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,将所述挡位选择器从前进挡位置换挡到空挡位置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,将所述挡位选择器从倒车挡位置换挡到空挡位置。
12.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,将所述挡位选择器从驻车挡位置换挡到空挡位置。
13.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,将所述挡位选择器从运动挡位置换挡到空挡位置。
14.一种车辆,包括:
发动机,被配置为自动启动和自动停止;
自动变速器,具有线控换挡挡位选择器;
控制器,被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止时将所述挡位选择器换挡到空挡位置,禁止发动机自动启动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的车辆,还包括电子驻车制动器,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时检测到车辆的倒车运动,命令发动机自动启动并激活电子驻车制动器。
16.根据权利要求14所述的车辆,还包括电子驻车制动器,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时道路坡度大于阈值,命令发动机自动启动并激活电子驻车制动器。
17.根据权利要求14所述的车辆,还包括电子驻车制动器,其中,所述控制器被配置为:响应于在所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时检测到车辆故障,命令发动机自动启动并激活电子驻车制动器。
18.一种车辆发动机启动/停止控制方法,包括:
在车辆发动机正在运行时通过线控换挡挡位选择器将自动变速器换挡到空挡位置;
响应于所述换挡而使所述发动机自动停止。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时,响应于检测到车辆的倒车运动,自动启动发动机。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:在发动机自动停止并且所述挡位选择器处于空挡位置时,响应于道路坡度超过阈值,自动启动发动机。
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