CN107868945B - 一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法 - Google Patents

一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法 Download PDF

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CN107868945B
CN107868945B CN201711129831.9A CN201711129831A CN107868945B CN 107868945 B CN107868945 B CN 107868945B CN 201711129831 A CN201711129831 A CN 201711129831A CN 107868945 B CN107868945 B CN 107868945B
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vehicle frame
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alloy bicycle
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曹中明
鲍洪
李发军
陶启乾
赵虎
段道兵
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Shanghai Phoenix Bicycle Jiangsu Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，包括预处理；表面镀膜和底漆与面漆喷涂三个步骤，本发明采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积镀膜工艺配合NaOH‑硅酸钠脱脂处理液、石油磺酸钡‑盐酸防锈处理液对铝合金车架进行表面处理，提高了车架表面镀层的机械强度、抗腐蚀性能和耐高温性能，同时镀层厚度均匀，保证了后续烤漆工艺的进行，提高了车架烤漆的硬度，提高了自行车车架的整体质量。

Description

一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属表面处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法。
背景技术
铝合金是以铝为基加入其它元素组成的合金。其特点是：密度小，比强度高，弹性模量大，散热好，消震性好，承受冲击载荷能力比铁大，耐有机物和碱的腐蚀性能好。由于具有上述诸多优点，目前铝合金已被广泛应用于自行车领域中。
但是，由于铝合金的低腐蚀电位的自有特性，现有技术中应用于自行车的铝合金基本上都要先对其表面进行阳极氧化处理后，采用现有技术的这种表面处理方法处理后的铝合金表面保护膜机械强度不高、耐候性差，抗腐蚀性差；形成的镀层厚度较薄，与铝合金表面附着力较低，机械强度不好，大多不耐高温，在腐蚀介质中镀层易脱落，防腐效果较差，同时也影响烤漆的硬化性。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，提供一种能够提高铝合金车架表面保护膜机械强度、增强耐候性和抗腐蚀性的铝合金车架表面处理方法。
本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤；
S1、预处理：将铝合金车架置于除尘室中，通过高压吹尘风枪去除车架表面的灰尘等杂物，取出后放入温度为40℃的脱脂处理液中脱脂处理30-40min，用40℃清水冲洗干净，置于常温的防锈处理液中浸泡8-10min，用清水超声震荡清洗2min后于60-80℃条件下烘干；在40℃条件下能够促进脱脂处理液与矿物油之间的乳化作用，然后用40℃清水能够将车架表面的混合液体完全去除，利于后续的酸洗过程；车架表面除油防锈效果好，利于后续镀膜工序，能够保证镀层均匀，不易脱落。
S2、表面镀膜：将铝合金车架置于镀膜室中，抽真空后充入混合气体，在800℃、射频功率为20-30W条件下电极板激发电子，使反应室气体成为等离子体与纯度≥99.4％的铝块在车架表面进行反应成为纳米晶粒，然后将车架置于快速循环低温设备急速降温至60℃，再升温至85-90℃，缓慢降温至室温；采用急速降温-升温-降温的操作有利于提高镀膜在车架表面的附着力，提高镀膜的机械强度，增强防腐效果。
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至60-80℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。由于采用水性油漆对车架进行喷涂，急速升温会导致涂层开裂，降低产品合格率，因此对喷涂后的车架要先缓慢预热，降低涂料中的含水率后再高温烘干，可以提高产品喷涂效果。
进一步的，所述步骤S1中脱脂处理液为NaOH、硅酸钠和纯水的混合物，所述NaOH、硅酸钠和纯水的质量比为4:1:20。
进一步的，所述步骤S1中防锈处理液为石油磺酸钡、浓度为36.5％的盐酸和纯水的混合物，所述石油磺酸钡、盐酸和纯水的质量比为1:1:25。
进一步的，所述步骤S2中的混合气体包括氮气、氢气和乙炔，所述氮气、氢气和乙炔的流量比为5:2:3。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)脱脂处理液中采用纯碱NaOH和硅酸钠配合，不仅能够提供碱性，起到助洗剂的效果，同时能够对铝合金车架表面的矿物油起到乳化作用，能够对车架更好的脱脂处理，提高车架表面的除油效果；
(2)防锈处理液中采用石油磺酸钡-盐酸的体系，石油磺酸钡具有优良的抗潮湿、抗盐雾、抗盐水和水置换性能，能吸附于金属表面形成保护膜，防止对金属的腐蚀和锈蚀，而盐酸可以和锈层、杂质层发生反应，将其从车架表面溶解、剥落，不仅能够除锈效果好，同时也能够形成保护膜，防止对金属的腐蚀和锈蚀。
(3)镀膜工艺采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积的原理，在车架表面形成均匀的氮化物纳米晶粒，与铝合金车架表面的附着力较高，提高车架表面的机械强度和耐高温性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤；
S1、预处理：将铝合金车架置于除尘室中，通过高压吹尘风枪去除车架表面的灰尘等杂物，取出后放入温度为40℃的脱脂处理液中脱脂处理35min，用40℃清水冲洗干净，置于常温的防锈处理液中浸泡8min，用清水超声震荡清洗2min后于65℃条件下烘干；
S2、表面镀膜：将铝合金车架置于镀膜室中，抽真空后充入混合气体，在800℃、射频功率为20W条件下电极板激发电子，使反应室气体成为等离子体与纯度≥99.4％的铝块在车架表面进行反应成为纳米晶粒，然后将车架置于快速循环低温设备急速降温至60℃，再升温至85-90℃，缓慢降温至室温；
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至80℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。
实施例2
一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤；
S1、预处理：将铝合金车架置于除尘室中，通过高压吹尘风枪去除车架表面的灰尘等杂物，取出后放入温度为40℃的脱脂处理液中脱脂处理35min，用40℃清水冲洗干净，置于常温的防锈处理液中浸泡10min，用清水超声震荡清洗2min后于79℃条件下烘干；
S2、表面镀膜：将铝合金车架置于镀膜室中，抽真空后充入混合气体，在800℃、射频功率为30W条件下电极板激发电子，使反应室气体成为等离子体与纯度≥99.4％的铝块在车架表面进行反应成为纳米晶粒，然后将车架置于快速循环低温设备急速降温至60℃，再升温至85-90℃，缓慢降温至室温；
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至70℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。
实施例3
一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤；
S1、预处理：将铝合金车架置于除尘室中，通过高压吹尘风枪去除车架表面的灰尘等杂物，取出后放入温度为40℃的脱脂处理液中脱脂处理40min，用40℃清水冲洗干净，置于常温的防锈处理液中浸泡8-10min，用清水超声震荡清洗2min后于80℃条件下烘干；
S2、表面镀膜：将铝合金车架置于镀膜室中，抽真空后充入混合气体，在800℃、射频功率为25W条件下电极板激发电子，使反应室气体成为等离子体与纯度≥99.4％的铝块在车架表面进行反应成为纳米晶粒，然后将车架置于快速循环低温设备急速降温至60℃，再升温至85-90℃，缓慢降温至室温；
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至60℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。
对比例1
一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤；
S1、预处理：将铝合金车架置于除尘室中，通过高压吹尘风枪去除车架表面的灰尘等杂物，取出后放入温度为40℃的脱脂处理液中脱脂处理35min，用40℃清水冲洗干净，置于常温的防锈处理液中浸泡8min，用清水超声震荡清洗2min后于65℃条件下烘干；
S2、阳极氧化：采用传统阳极氧化方法；
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至80℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。
对比例2
一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤；
S1、预处理：采用传统脱脂处理后用清水清洗干净，酸洗后用清水洗净并烘干；
S2、阳极氧化：采用传统阳极氧化方法；
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至80℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。
分别将经过上述实施例1-3以及对比例1-2处理的铝合金车架进行性能指标检测，检测结果如下：
对比分析上表可知，采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积镀膜工艺配合NaOH-硅酸钠脱脂处理液、石油磺酸钡-盐酸防锈处理液对铝合金车架进行表面处理，提高了车架表面镀层的机械强度、抗腐蚀性能和耐高温性能，同时镀层厚度均匀，保证了后续烤漆工艺的进行，提高了车架烤漆的硬度，提高了自行车车架的整体质量。
以上述依据本发明理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、预处理：将铝合金车架置于除尘室中，通过高压吹尘风枪去除车架表面的灰尘、杂物，取出后放入温度为40℃的脱脂处理液中脱脂处理30-40min，用40℃清水冲洗干净，置于常温的防锈处理液中浸泡8-10min，用清水超声震荡清洗2min后于60-80℃条件下烘干；
S2、表面镀膜：将铝合金车架置于镀膜室中，抽真空后充入混合气体，在800℃、射频功率为20-30W条件下电极板激发电子，使反应室气体成为等离子体与纯度≥99.4％的铝块在车架表面进行反应成为纳米晶粒，然后将车架置于快速循环低温设备急速降温至60℃，再升温至85-90℃，缓慢降温至室温，
所述的混合气体包括氮气、氢气和乙炔，氮气、氢气和乙炔的流量比为5:2:3；
S3、底漆与面漆喷涂：采用高压喷涂设备对车架进行喷涂，将喷涂后的车架置于烘干设备中先缓慢升温至60-80℃烘2h后再升温至160℃烘干6h后即可得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中脱脂处理液为NaOH、硅酸钠和纯水的混合物，所述NaOH、硅酸钠和纯水的质量比为4:1:20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金车架的表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中防锈处理液为石油磺酸钡、浓度为36.5％的盐酸和纯水的混合物，所述石油磺酸钡、盐酸和纯水的质量比为1:1:25。
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