CN1078577C - Slow release fertilizer and preparing process thereof - Google Patents
Slow release fertilizer and preparing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1078577C CN1078577C CN96102602A CN96102602A CN1078577C CN 1078577 C CN1078577 C CN 1078577C CN 96102602 A CN96102602 A CN 96102602A CN 96102602 A CN96102602 A CN 96102602A CN 1078577 C CN1078577 C CN 1078577C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is granular, and is composed of a core and an outer housing, wherein the core is urea, and the outer housing is formed by bonding rosin or lac or sodium carboxymethylcellulose or tanning sludge as adhesives and porosity substances or a mixture of the porosity substances and plant growth regulators, or phosphate fertilizer or a mixture of the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, or a mixture of the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer. The present invention can fully use resources, has the advantages of high mechanical strength, no deliquescence, and convenient transportation and application, can be used as base fertilizer and additional fertilizer, and has the characteristics of wide source, low cost, easy popularization, wide application prospect, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizer, specifically a kind of slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Slow release fertilizer claims slow-release fertilizer or controlled availability fertilizer again.At present, the development of slow release fertilizer has the chemical combination type, coated, Envelope type and compound type etc. both at home and abroad.The chemical combination type is mainly the nitrogenous macromolecular compound of a class, as urea-formaldehyde condensation products etc.China is because of reasons such as technology and costs, and less employing chemical combination type adopts coated, Envelope type and compound type etc. more.Coated adopts that particle such as urea is fertile to be heart nuclear more, and powderies such as phosphate fertilizer fertilizer be sheating material, and it is binding agent that employing inorganics such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, water etc. reach organism humic acids etc., the heart is examined linked to each other with shell.But do to form the crystal of calcium sulfate shell behind the binding agent bag phosphate fertilizer with sulfuric acid, it is too slow that nitrogen is discharged; With hydrochloric acid or water is binding agent institute composting, and because of water effect lower housing easily comes off, slow release effect is poor in soil.With humic acids is that binding agent is influenced by raw material sources.Envelope type is with urea or to be pressed into particulate carbon ammonium etc. be heart nuclear, is coated with one deck hydrophobic film on its surface, as pitch, paraffin wax, Sulfur etc.But because of selection material difference, cost, difference on effect are bigger.The various raw materials of the many employings of compound type are mixing granulations (or direct mixing granulation) after crushed, and the effectively fertile part effect of this kind fertilizer is low, easy deliquescence caking.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned fertilizer, a kind of loss that reduces the fertilizer nutrient is provided, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, raw material is easy to get, and uses manpower and material resources sparingly, and reduces slow release fertilizer that pollutes and preparation method thereof.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: fertilizer is particulate state, is made up of heart nuclear and shell, and heart nuclear is urea, adopts pack and coating method:
1) pack, shell is to use rosin, or lac, or Xylo-Mucine, or leather-making mud is as binding agent and porous material, or add the mixture of plant-growth regulator with porous material, or and phosphate fertilizer, or with the mixture of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, or the mixture of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and little fertilizer bonding forms, the weight ratio of heart nuclear in fertilizer is 20-80%, each binding agent is the proportion difference in shell: rosin 0.4-3.0%, lac 0.2-2.0%, carboxymethyl pricker tie up plain sodium 0.4-2.0%, and leather-making mud 0.4-4.0%, fertilizer particle diameter are the 1.4-6.0 millimeter;
2) coating method, adventitia are rosin, or lac, or the mixture of rosin and little fertilizer, or the adventitia made of the mixture of lac and little fertilizer, and adventitia proportion in fertilizer is 0.5-2.0%.
Wherein said porous material is a swelling perlite powder, or zeolite powder, or silicon bath soil powder;
Wherein said plant-growth regulator is the 2.4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid, or α-Nai Yisuan, and proportion is 0.05-0.2% in shell;
Wherein said phosphate fertilizer is fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, or normal superphosphate, or ground phosphate rock, and potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, and its ratio in shell is phosphate fertilizer 29.8-70%, potash fertilizer is 70-20%;
Wherein said little fertilizer is the mixture of iron content 10-35%, copper 5-20%, magnesium 5-25%, zinc 30-5%, manganese 20-5%, molybdenum 10-2%, boron 20-8%, and its ratio in shell is 0.5-4.0%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow release fertilizer is:
1) pack is dissolved in rosin in the alcohol, or lac is dissolved in the ethanol, or Xylo-Mucine is soluble in water, or leather-making mud is diluted in the water, is mixed in granulation in the tablets press with above-mentioned solution and heart nuclear and outer bright material.
2) the coating method is dissolved in rosin in the alcohol, or lac is dissolved in the ethanol, adds fertile in a subtle way solution again, forms adventitia with above-mentioned solution spraying in heart nuclear surface.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment:
Before the granulation, do following work earlier:
Except that urea was particle, required sheating material all need be pulverized, and crossed 50 mesh sieve holes.Little fertile solution is prepared in proportion earlier and is added edta solution, makes it become clear solution;
The preparation of binder solution: rosin is dissolved in the alcohol, and adds water, and making its concentration is 5%, and lac is dissolved in the ethanolic soln, and concentration is 4%, and Xylo-Mucine is dissolved in the water, concentration 6%, and leather-making mud is diluted in the water, proportion 1.2;
The preparation of membrane-forming agent solution: rosin is dissolved in the alcohol, adds solution in a subtle way by proportioning, or lac is dissolved in the ethanol, adds fertile in a subtle way solution by proportioning.
Embodiment 1,4 kg urea particles and 1 kilogram of swelling perlite powder (or 1 kilogram of diatomite in powder) are added the granulation dish, spray 300 milliliters of 5% rosin solutions (or other binding agent), stirring-granulating, while progressively adds 0.5 kilogram of swelling perlite powder (or 0.5 kilogram of diatomite in powder) of remainder, about 200 milliliters of the amount of adjusting rosin solution, and guarantee that all urea granules are inflated perlite powder and wrap up, product is through airing or 75 ℃ of oven dry, the plastic bag sealing of packing into.After water and the ethanol volatilization, this fertile urea accounts for 72.4%, swelling perlite powder 27.1%, and rosin accounts for 0.5%.
Embodiment 2,5 kg urea and 1 kilogram of zeolite powder are added the granulation dish, be spilled into the spirituous solution that is dissolved with 5 gram α-Nai Yisuan, and spray 400 milliliters of 4% shellac solutions, and stirring-granulating, the while progressively adds 1 kilogram of zeolite powder of remainder, regulate the amount (300 milliliters) of shellac solution, and guarantee that all particles are wrapped up by zeolite powder, product airing or 75 ℃ of oven dry pack, seal.After the alcohol volatilization, this fertile urea content 71.11%, zeolite powder 28.43%, lac content 0.4%, α-Nai Yisuan content 0.07%.
Embodiment 3, with 2 kg urea, 1 kilogram of Repone K and 2 kilograms of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate (containing P2O5 19.2%) add the granulation dish, spray 300 milliliters of 5% rosin solutions (or other binding agent), stirring-granulating progressively adds 1.2 kilograms of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of remainder again, regulate the rosin solution amount, (300 milliliters) are wrapped established particle fully, and 75-80 ℃ of oven dry packs, seals.After this fertile alcohol, the water volatilization, urea content 32.1%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate content 51.4%, KCE content 16.1%, rosin content 0.4%.This fat part of N: P2O5: K2O is 15: 10: 10.
Embodiment 4, with 14 gram zinc sulfate, 12 gram sal epsom, 8 gram copper sulfate, 8 gram ferrous sulfate, 5 gram manganous sulfates, 2 gram ammonium molybdates, 10 gram boraxs mix to be pulverized, add the granulation dish jointly with 4 kg urea, 1 kilo sulfuric acid potassium, 2 kilograms of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, spray 600 milliliters of 6% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solutions (or leather-making mud solution etc.), stirring-granulating, again 2 kilograms of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of remainder are progressively added, and spray 400 milliliters of carboxymethylcellulose sodium solutions, make and form particle and wrapped up 70-80 ℃ of oven dry fully.After the drying, this fertilizer contains urea 43.8%, potash fertilizer 10.9%, phosphate fertilizer 43.8%, binding agent 0.8%, little fertile 0.7%.
Embodiment 5,5 kg urea are sprayed 15% rosin and are contained 100 milliliters of the solution of 20% little fertilizer, stir airing.This fertile urea proportion 99.3%, adventitia proportion 0.7%.(in the adventitia, rosin proportion 42.8%, little fertile proportion 57.2%)
With leather-making mud is that caking agent need remove hair, because mud organic matter and nitrogen content height add an amount of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is good composite fertilizer, should use in soil property barren forest land.Cr3+ ion in the mud after zeolite or pearlstone absorption, water-solublely goes out very for a short time, and this has just reduced the pollution of chromium ion, has so both reduced the pollution of mud, has also accomplished to make recycling sludge simultaneously.
Positively effect of the present invention is: utilized natural goods rosin, lac and porous material (raw material sources are wide), little fertilizer and plant-growth regulator.Made fertilizer physical strength height does not shell, not deliquescence, caking, and effectively fertile part is high, uses conveniently, can be used as base manure or topdresses.This fertilizer retention time in soil is long, and nitrogen in the soil, phosphorus residual effect are higher, and has water-retentivity and improve the effect of soil physical properties.Add fertilizer in a subtle way, can replenish plant and lack, added plant-growth regulator, can promote plant establishment to germinate, improve surviving rate.And utilized leather-making mud, make the polluting waste resource utilization.Simultaneously, because of slow fertile leaching reduces, can slow down the loss of quick-acting fertilizer efficiency, to the process of the eutrophication that rivers and lakes caused.
Table 1 is simulation rain drop erosion (urea synopsis)
Table 2 is for using observation (dry season) on the spot
Table 3 is for using observation (rainy season) on the spot
Table 1 be depicted as with 5g development fertile with cross the dry quartz sand of 20 mesh sieve hole 500g (clean, dry) and mix with distilled water, in the chromatographic column of packing into, filling degree of tightness appropriateness, drench into distilled water with the speed of 0.5ml/min, make its take-off rate unanimity, collect the pouring fluid with receptor, each receptor is collected 20min (10.0ml altogether), every part of fertile sample is provided with 10 receptors, from each receptor, get liquid 1.00ml, add the 3ml vitriol oil and digest, then with the semimicro azotometer distillation of imperial section, 2% boric acid absorbs, the 0.0400NHcl titration.
Experimental data shows, uses this fertilizer, and the soil nitrogen content is increased, and slow fertilizer not only leaching is less, and also retains certain moisture in the ghost of coated heart nuclear fusion back, and the tool water-retentivity has obviously been improved soil physical.
Compare with undressed urea, its leaching speed reduces more than one times, reaches the slowly-releasing purpose.The use of this fertilizer is to solving body eutrophication, and to tool active effect and the realistic meaning of preserving the ecological environment, implementation process is economized fertile saving of labor simultaneously.
On the plant after the field planting, on the flowers, to use on the economic fruit, effect is obvious, also can use on the plant of cigarette, sugar, tea, vegetables, grain etc.
Table 1
| The sequence number contrast | Post footpath (mm) | Sticking+shell | Content (%) | The receptor numbering | Burst size accounts for total amount (%) | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||||
| 2-4 | Urea | 46.1 | 340.3 | 42.1 | 11.3 | 5.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 98.6 | ||||
| 1 | 2-4 | Embrane method | 42.1 | 213.2 | 75.2 | 23.6 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 90.3 |
| 2 | 2-4 | Pine+treasure | 38.5 | 115.6 | 44.2 | 34.6 | 13.1 | 12.0 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 84.7 |
| 3 | 2-4 | Pine+boil | 32.4 | 102.3 | 33.5 | 13.8 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 10.6 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 74.6 |
| 4 | 2-4 | A | 35.0 | 134.6 | 54.5 | 24.0 | 13.I | 13.3 | 11.3 | 12.5 | 10.3 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 93.2 |
| 5 | 2-4 | B | 20.0 | 95.9 | 28.4 | 15.6 | 9.40 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 92.6 |
| 6 | 2-4 | C | 35.6 | 142.3 | 53.8 | 24.8 | 12.2 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 89.4 |
A: water+pine+ground phosphate rock B: pine+calcium magnesium phosphorus+KCL C:CMC+ calcium magnesium phosphorus
See Fig. 2
Table 2
Table 3
Claims (2)
1. slow release fertilizer, be particulate state, form by heart nuclear and shell, with urea is heart nuclear, it is characterized in that being wrapped up under the caking agent effect by sheating material and form, caking agent is a rosin solution, and sheating material is mixture or phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the diatomaceous mixture of phosphate fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the weight percentage of heart nuclear in fertilizer is 20%～80%, 1.4 millimeters～6.0 millimeters of fertilizer particle diameters.
2. the preparation method of claim 1 slow release fertilizer is characterized in that by proportioning heart nuclear and sheating material being added on and sprays into caking agent in the tablets press and wrap up granulation, after the drying, screens 1.4 millimeters-6.0 millimeters fertiliser granulates, gets product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96102602A CN1078577C (en) | 1996-01-13 | 1996-01-13 | Slow release fertilizer and preparing process thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96102602A CN1078577C (en) | 1996-01-13 | 1996-01-13 | Slow release fertilizer and preparing process thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1137031A CN1137031A (en) | 1996-12-04 |
| CN1078577C true CN1078577C (en) | 2002-01-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN96102602A Expired - Fee Related CN1078577C (en) | 1996-01-13 | 1996-01-13 | Slow release fertilizer and preparing process thereof |
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Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1063166C (en) * | 1996-05-19 | 2001-03-14 | 原俊钦 | coating synergistic urea |
| CN101492310B (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2012-11-14 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Composite sustained-release urea of organic materials and method of producing the same |
| CN101544521A (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2009-09-30 | 郭强 | New material and technology for quickly coating compound fertilizer at normal temperature |
| CN101503330B (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2012-06-06 | 上海师范大学 | Efficient coated control release urea and preparation thereof |
| CN101759490B (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2013-05-22 | 黑龙江金事达农业科技开发有限公司 | Slowly-controlled-release diammonium phosphate |
| CN105367235A (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2016-03-02 | Mos控股公司 | Fertilizer composition containing micronutrients and methods of making same |
| CN101985409B (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2013-02-27 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Adhesive controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102910961A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-06 | 四川省三台永生农业开发有限责任公司 | Novel regulator slow-release nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN102838432A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2012-12-26 | 遵义市贵科科技有限公司 | Quick-acting loss-free nitrogenous fertilizer prepared by taking perlite as carrier |
| CN102826920A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2012-12-19 | 遵义市贵科科技有限公司 | Compound mixed slow release fertilizer using perlite as carrier |
| CN103086802A (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2013-05-08 | 福建达安能源实业有限责任公司 | Natural gradable coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103493718B (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2016-03-16 | 合肥市潜溪山庄农业生态园有限公司 | A kind of greening soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107586182A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-16 | 元江呈达智能配肥有限公司 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107586181A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-16 | 元江呈达智能配肥有限公司 | A kind of fruit-specific fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107586205A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of coated fertilizer for improveing acid soil and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5279158A (en) * | 1975-12-26 | 1977-07-04 | Komatsu Ltd | Oil pressure valve control lever |
| JPS6279161A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-11 | Yukihiko Suzuki | Adhesive tape holder |
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1996
- 1996-01-13 CN CN96102602A patent/CN1078577C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5279158A (en) * | 1975-12-26 | 1977-07-04 | Komatsu Ltd | Oil pressure valve control lever |
| JPS6279161A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-11 | Yukihiko Suzuki | Adhesive tape holder |
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| CN1137031A (en) | 1996-12-04 |
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