CN101492310B - Composite sustained-release urea of organic materials and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Composite sustained-release urea of organic materials and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101492310B CN101492310B CN2008100565891A CN200810056589A CN101492310B CN 101492310 B CN101492310 B CN 101492310B CN 2008100565891 A CN2008100565891 A CN 2008100565891A CN 200810056589 A CN200810056589 A CN 200810056589A CN 101492310 B CN101492310 B CN 101492310B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite slow-release urea of organic materials and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of agriculture. The composite slow-release urea of organic materials is prepared by carrying out melting, mixing reaction, prilling and drying on 30-50 parts by weight of low-release materials of organic materials and 50-70 parts by weight of urea raw material. The fertilizer is characterized in that the utilization of N fertilizer in current season is improved by 5-10% by organic-inorganic combination, C-N mutual control and nutrient slow release; the unemployed nitrogen in fertilizer is promoted to maintain in the soil; nitrogen fertility of soil is increased and nitrogenous fertilizer loss is reduced. The fertilizer is simple in manufacturing technology, easy in operation, low in production investment, derates the production cost of secondary processing of film-coated slow-release fertilizer, has the characteristics of wide raw material sources, high grain mechanical strength (mechanical strength is more than or equal to 12N), no deliquescence, convenient transportation and fertilization and the like and enjoys wide application prospect in production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite sustained-release urea of organic materials and preparation method thereof, belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
At present; The slow release fertilizer of development is mainly enveloped slow release fertilizer both at home and abroad; Used coated fertilizer mainly contains two types, and the one, organic high molecular polymer (for example resin polyolefins), the 2nd, the inorganic materials of slightly water-soluble or microsolubility (like sulphur, ground phosphate rock, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate etc.).The making of high polymer film-coated type slow release fertilizer needs special coating tower and solvent, and the coated fertilizer price is more expensive, and the production process cost is higher, and coated fertilizer decomposes easy residual slowly in soil.But the controlled release properties of macromolecule polymeric material is better.Because price is higher, high polymer film-coated type slow release fertilizer is used for garden crop, lawn, golf course and ornamental plant etc. more.The inorganic materials enveloped slow release fertilizer of slightly water-soluble or microsolubility can use opening common granulating equipment to make, and the production process cost is low, and the fertilizer price is low, but its controlled release properties is relatively poor relatively, and nutrient slowly-released effect is not ideal enough.
It is the fundamental principle of China's fertilizer practice that the organic-inorganic nutrient combines; It also is the important directions of fertilizer industry development; Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is to realize organic-inorganic bonded technology carrier, is the product up-gradation to traditional organic fertilizer, is to realize China's agricultural year fine important leverage.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of organic/inorganic combines, C-N mutual aid regulation and control, nutrient slowly-released organic composite type slow-release carbamide.
Another object of the present invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned composite sustained-release urea of organic materials.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention takes following scheme:
A kind of composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is made after pulverizing, fusion, mixing, granulation, drying, screening by following raw material:
Urea raw material 50～70 weight parts
Organism material slow-release material 30～50 weight parts.
The parts by weight of urea raw material and organic materials slow-release material according to Different Crop needs and fertilizer material nutrient content, add by a certain percentage.
Described urea raw material is the urea liquation before the granulation in fusing urea or the urea industry production process.
Described organism material slow-release material is organic discarded waste matter such as weathered coal, food factory, woodenware processing enterprise and organic materialss such as organic materialss such as paper-making industry lignin waste, crop material and husk, mineral humic acid material; Through modification, process the organic materials slow-release material.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite sustained-release urea of organic materials, as shown in Figure 1, comprise following steps:
(1) with organic discarded waste matters such as food factory, woodenware processing enterprise and organic materialss such as paper-making industry lignin waste, crop material and husk, mineral humic acid material through pulverizing, (>=80 order) sieves; After carrying out the fermented manure processing, dry, the pulverizing (fineness >=100 orders) of organic materials that will become thoroughly decomposed and handle well;
(2) in industrial urea synthesis liquation operation; Before urine gets into prilling tower; Or with the finished urea fusion; The organic materials that then step (1) is prepared adds in the urea liquation (110～130 ℃ of temperature, mass percent concentration 95%～98%) by 30～50% part by weight, and fully mixes; The vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 0.60～1.20Mpa;
(3) with mixing organic compound urine in the step (2), deliver to granulating equipment and carry out spray granulating.Urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25～0.28MPa, and temperature of charge is 60～65 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 2～4% after the granulation;
(4) get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product, the drying machine inlet temperature is 130～160 ℃, and temperature out is 55～70 ℃.The exsiccant temperature is grasped according to the prescription needs flexibly.
Technological core of the present invention is as slow-release material and urea melting granulation at the utilization organic materials; Make composite sustained-release urea of organic materials; Realize organic and inorganic combination, C-N mutual aid, number of ways such as nutrient slowly-released; Improve the fertile this season utilization ratio of N, and promote unemployed N element to be retained in the soil, improve the soil nitrogen fertility.The used organic materials slow-release material of the present invention is mainly derived from agriculture and industry waste and discarded mineral material.
Its technological process of production is in the urine or fusing urea before industrial urea synthesis granulation; Add the organic materials slow-release material; Stir and organic materials slow-release material and urea liquation are fully reacted; Through high tower pellatizer or cylinder granulation process, process organic materials composite slow-release granular urea then.
Principle of the present invention is to contain nutritive element, organic carbon long-chain and aromatic proton, hydroxyl, carboxyl isoreactivity groups such as C, H, O, N, P, K, S according to the organic materials slow-release material; Through carry out chemistry and physical actions such as bonding, gluing, complexing with the fusing urea molecule; Organic materials slow-release material and urea molecule are formed than the stable composite granular texture, reach the effect of organic and inorganic combination, C-N mutual aid, nitrogen nutrient slowly-releasing.
Advantage of the present invention is: make full use of the bonds well performance of urea melting liquid, it is high to have overcome organic materials raw fibre cellulose content, short texture; Adhesive property is poor, and granulation is the weakness of difficulty relatively, adopts the high-temperature fusion urine and replenishes a certain amount of steam granulation; On production process; Can realize the disposable process for processing of fertilizer, product particle is evenly slick and sly, and the surface is glossy black shinny.Fertiliser granulates physical strength height (>=12N); In nutrient release utilization, can realize organic-inorganic mutual aid regulation and control slowly-releasing, strengthen the slow release effect of fertilizer, improve utilization rate of fertilizer (10～15%); In farming, can simplify agricultural operation; On benefit, can improve nitrogen utilization efficiency (5～10%); Particularly " organic-inorganic mutual aid regulation and control ", can be organic short inorganic, build up fertility, reduce nutrient loss, avoid secondary pollution, reduce agricultural cost, and have raw material sources extensively, deliquescence not, transport, use characteristics such as convenient, have a extensive future aborning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a preparing method's according to the invention main technique schematic flow sheet.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Through pulverizing, sieve (>=80 order), (method is seen " solid waste composting and mixed organic manure production ", Li Guoxue to carry out the fermented manure processing with weathered coal class material; The Zhang Fusuo chief editor; 2000, Beijing: Chemical Industry Press), become thoroughly decomposed good after with organic materials dry (water cut 2～3%), pulverize (fineness >=100 orders); Add industrial urea synthesis granulation preceding urine or fusing urea (125 ℃ of temperature by weight 3: 7 ratios; Mass percent concentration 96%) in, stirring and evenly mixing, the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa.Deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment then and carry out spray granulating.Urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation.Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product.140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
Embodiment 2:
With organic discarded waste matters such as food factory, woodenware processing enterprise and paper-making industry lignin waste through pulverizing, (>=80 order) sieves; Carrying out fermented manure (method such as embodiment 1) handles; Become thoroughly decomposed good after with organic materials dry (water cut 2～3%), pulverize (fineness >=100 orders); Add in industrial urea synthesis the granulation preceding urine or fusing urea (125 ℃ of temperature, mass percent concentration 96%) by weight 2: 3 ratios, mix; The vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa, delivers to high tower spraying granulation equipment then and carries out spray granulating.Urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation.Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product.150 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
Embodiment 3:
With organic materialss such as crop material and husk through pulverizing, (>=80 order) sieves; Carrying out fermented manure (method such as embodiment 1) handles; Become thoroughly decomposed good after with organic materials dry (moisture 2～3%), pulverize (fineness >=100 orders); Add in industrial urea synthesis the granulation preceding urine or fusing urea (125 ℃ of temperature, mass percent concentration 96%) by weight 1: 1 ratio, mix; The vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa, delivers to high tower spraying granulation equipment then and carries out spray granulating.Urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation.Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product.140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
Embodiment 4:
With organic materialss such as crop material and husk through pulverizing, (>=80 order) sieves; Carrying out fermented manure (method such as embodiment 1) handles; Become thoroughly decomposed good after with organic materials dry (moisture 2～3%), pulverize (fineness >=100 orders); Add in industrial urea synthesis the granulation preceding urine or fusing urea (125 ℃ of temperature, mass percent concentration 96%) by weight 3: 7 ratios, mix; The vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa, delivers to high tower spraying granulation equipment then and carries out spray granulating.Urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation.Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product.140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
Embodiment 5:
With weathered coal class material through pulverizing, (>=80 order) sieves; Carrying out fermented manure (method such as embodiment 1) handles; With organic materials dry (moisture 2～3%), pulverizing (fineness >=100 orders), add in industrial urea synthesis the granulation preceding urine or fusing urea (125 ℃ of temperature, mass percent concentration 96%) after becoming thoroughly decomposed well by weight 1: 1 ratio; Stirring and evenly mixing, the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa.Deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment then and carry out spray granulating.Urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation.Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product.140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
In actually operating, can change the proportioning of urea and organic materials to the needs of nutrient according to Different Crop, can make the composite sustained-release urea of organic materials fertilizer of different organic-inorganic ratios in the operation steps of above embodiment.Nutritive elements such as a certain proportion of phosphorus, potassium can be added in case of necessity, the composite sustained-release urea of organic materials compound manure of different organic-inorganic ratios can be made in the operation steps of above embodiment.
Embodiment 6: effect test
Carried out the field test of fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention in the Yanzhou; Test is provided with: (1) CK1: for contrasting 1; Use the conventional fertilizer application mode 1 of producing, with common composite fertilizer (Jining, Shandong chemical industry Ltd of high section produces, N: P: K=16: 16: 16) 375kg/hm
2Make base manure, impose urea (Jining, Shandong chemical industry Ltd of high section produces, and N 46%) 165kg/hm again in big mouthful of phase of corn
2(2) CK2: for contrasting 2, use and produce conventional fertilizer application mode 2, per hectare is used urea 450kg, and wherein big mouthful of phase of base manure and corn topdresses and respectively use half the (225kg/hm
2); (3) K: fertilizer product (N: P: K=13: 5: the 10) 1035kg/hm that uses the embodiment of the invention 1
2, the nitrogen consumption is identical with contrast 1,2, and it is disposable employed to make base manure.The experimental plot area is 333m
2, each is handled 3 times and repeats random alignment.Other field management is with local farmland.After the ripe results of corn, meter produces.Take soil sample with earth boring auger, 3 points are got in each sub-district, and sampling depth is 200cm, and 20cm is a level, takes back the laboratory then rapidly, take by weighing fresh soil sample 12.00g in plastics vibration bottle, add 100mL 0.01mol/LCaCl
2The solution lixiviate was vibrated 1 hour, filtered, and filtrating is measured each layer soil nitrate nitrogen content with ultraviolet spectrometry.
Test-results: contrast 1 (CK1), corn yield 10877.85kg/hm
2, contrast 2 (CK2) corn yield 11091.30kg/hm
2, using fertilizer product corn yield of the present invention is 12351.15kg/hm
2, data processed result shows: fertilizer product of the present invention is obvious to the effect of increasing production of corn, than common composite fertilizer do base manure, after impose processing (CK1) raising the output 13.5% of urea, use (CK2) than urea gradation and then increase production 11.4%.Use the nitrate nitrogen content (data see the following form) that fertilizer product of the present invention can obviously reduce soil profile; It is the highest at the following soil profile nitrate nitrogen content of 60cm that (CK2) used in the urea gradation; Nitric nitrogen average content in 0～200cm depth range is also the highest; And the soil profile nitrate nitrogen content of using fertilizer product of the present invention (K) is minimum, is merely contrast 1 and 52% and 34% of contrast 2, and nitrate content has reduced by 48% and 66% respectively; It is thus clear that the ecological risk of the contrast 2 and the nitric nitrogen polluted underground water of contrast 1 is apparently higher than using fertilizer product of the present invention.Test-results shows; Waiting under the nitrogen nutrient amount condition; Fertilizer product of the present invention can significantly improve crop yield 8～15%, has reduced the drip washing semi-invariant (30～50%) of soil profile nitrate salt, can make this season utilization ratio of nitrogen improve 5～10%; Improving utilization rate of fertilizer (10～15%), is a kind of environmental friendliness, economical fertilizer.
Table 1: fertilizer product of the present invention is to the influence of Soil Nitrate content
| Soil layer (cm) | CK1 | CK2 | K |
| 0～20 20～40 24～60 60～80 80～100 100～120 120～140 140～160 160～180 180～200 | 14.27 6.37 4.66 6.76 10.43 12.39 13.06 15.19 18.62 17.77 | 15.32 7.37 5.88 11.26 20.58 23.77 26.00 25.78 23.10 23.03 | 10.58 5.24 4.12 4.46 5.37 6.55 5.27 5.96 6.90 7.84 |
Fertilizer of the present invention has characteristics such as sustained release performance is excellent, nitrogenous fertilizer this season utilization ratio height, fertilizing soil, environmental friendliness.Its manufacturing technology has that technology is simple, raw material sources are wide, easy handling, low cost and other advantages.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) weathered coal class material process is pulverized, sieved, make fineness >=80 orders;
(2) material behind the crushing screening is carried out fermented manure and handle, become thoroughly decomposed and carry out drying after good, making water cut is 2～3%, and is crushed to fineness >=100 orders;
(3) the resulting material of step (2) is mixed by weight 3: 7 with preceding urine or the fusing urea of industrial urea synthesis granulation, said urine or fusing urea temperature are 125 ℃; Stirring and evenly mixing, the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa;
(4) deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment and carry out spray granulating, urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation; Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product, 140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
2. the preparation method of a composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) organic discarded waste matter, woodenware processing enterprise and the paper-making industry lignin waste process of food factory are pulverized, sieved, make fineness >=80 orders;
(2) material behind the crushing screening is carried out fermented manure and handle, become thoroughly decomposed and carry out drying after good, making water cut is 2～3%, and is crushed to fineness >=100 orders;
(3) the resulting material of step (2) is mixed by weight 2: 3 with preceding urine or the fusing urea of industrial urea synthesis granulation, the temperature of said urine or fusing urea is 125 ℃; Mix, the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa;
(4) deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment and carry out spray granulating, urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation; Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product, 150 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
3. the preparation method of a composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
The organic materials that (1) will comprise crop material and husk makes fineness >=80 orders through pulverizing, sieving;
(2) material behind the crushing screening being carried out fermented manure handles; Carry out drying after becoming thoroughly decomposed well, making water cut is 2～3%, and is crushed to fineness >=100 orders;
(3) the resulting material of step (2) is mixed by weight 1: 1 with preceding urine or the fusing urea of industrial urea synthesis granulation, 125 ℃ of said urine or fusing urea temperature mix, and the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa;
(4) deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment and carry out spray granulating, urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation; Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product, 140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
4. the preparation method of a composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
The organic materials that (1) will comprise crop material and husk makes fineness >=80 orders through pulverizing, sieving;
(2) material behind the crushing screening being carried out fermented manure handles; Carry out drying after becoming thoroughly decomposed well, making water cut is 2～3%, and is crushed to fineness >=100 orders;
(3) the resulting material of step (2) is mixed by weight 3: 7 with preceding urine or the fusing urea of industrial urea synthesis granulation, 125 ℃ of the temperature of said urine or fusing urea mix, and the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa;
(4) deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment and carry out spray granulating, urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation; Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product, 140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
5. the preparation method of a composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) weathered coal class material process is pulverized, sieved, make fineness >=80 orders;
(2) material behind the crushing screening being carried out fermented manure handles; Carry out drying after becoming thoroughly decomposed well, making water cut is 2～3%, and is crushed to fineness >=100 orders;
(3) the resulting material of step (2) is mixed by weight 1: 1 with preceding urine or the fusing urea of industrial urea synthesis granulation, 125 ℃ of the temperature of said urine or fusing urea, stirring and evenly mixing, the vapor pressure of heating in the urea melting groove is 1.0MPa;
(4) deliver to high tower spraying granulation equipment and carry out spray granulating, urine pipeline heat insulation vapor pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of charge is 62 ℃ in the tablets press, and material moisture 3～5% after the granulation; Get in the drying cylinder after the granulation, carry out drying, be finished product, 140 ℃ of drying machine inlet temperatures export 55 ℃.
6. a composite sustained-release urea of organic materials is characterized in that: adopt each described preparing method's manufacturing among the claim 1-5.
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| CN102276357A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-14 | 华南农业大学 | Organic matter coated controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102584498B (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Humic acid urea and preparing method thereof |
| CN104072260B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-06-22 | 苏州上研化肥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of production system producing compound fertilizer |
| CN107141048B (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2020-08-21 | 辽宁隆翔肥业有限公司 | Production method of guniting high-nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN107721627A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-02-23 | 定远县诚信种植专业合作社 | A kind of slow-release compound fertilizer for improving cauliflower quality |
| CN107793226A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-13 | 定远县诚信种植专业合作社 | A kind of cauliflower Special slow release fertilizer of retain water and nutrients |
| CN108191473A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of granulated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111704501A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-25 | 河北百禾丰化肥有限公司 | Preparation method of high-tower medium-trace element compound fertilizer |
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Effective date of registration: 20220315 Address after: 066000 small and medium-sized enterprise incubation base of Circular Economy Park, Lingang Industrial Agglomeration Area, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province Patentee after: QINHUANGDAO WUXIAN WEIAI TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Address before: 100081 No. 12 South Main Street, Haidian District, Beijing, Zhongguancun Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND REGIONAL PLANNING, CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |
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