CN107847860A - 具有nh3‑scr活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂 - Google Patents

具有nh3‑scr活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107847860A
CN107847860A CN201680040417.8A CN201680040417A CN107847860A CN 107847860 A CN107847860 A CN 107847860A CN 201680040417 A CN201680040417 A CN 201680040417A CN 107847860 A CN107847860 A CN 107847860A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
way catalyst
activity
top layer
base material
vanadium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201680040417.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
K·约翰森
T.V.W.詹森斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Umicore AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Umicore AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Umicore AG and Co KG filed Critical Umicore AG and Co KG
Publication of CN107847860A publication Critical patent/CN107847860A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9436—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/30—Tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/6527—Tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/076—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20707—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20776—Tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/30—Silica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
    • B01D2255/9022—Two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/92—Dimensions
    • B01D2255/9202—Linear dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/92—Dimensions
    • B01D2255/9205—Porosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/406—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
    • F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

具有NH3‑SCR活性、氨氧化活性和对上游SCR活性催化剂挥发出的挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂。

Description

具有NH3-SCR活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸 附能力的三效催化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及具有NH3-SCR活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂。
背景技术
具有稀燃发动机的现代交通工具的排气***典型地配备有氧化催化剂、颗粒物过滤器和用于在还原剂存在下选择性还原NOx(SCR)的催化剂。
在氧化挥发性有机化合物和一氧化碳方面呈活性的氧化催化剂和SCR催化剂在本领域是已知的并且在许多出版物中公开。
在柴油废气清洁***中典型使用的颗粒物过滤器(DPF)是具有多个入口和出口通道的壁流式过滤器。入口通道在它们的出口侧封闭并且出口通道在它们的入口侧封闭，从而通过限定通道的多孔壁迫使气体流入过滤器，由此将颗粒物滤出气体。
为了满足对柴油乘用车和卡车的未来的排放法规，需要使用柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)技术和NOx还原催化剂二者。由于其潜在的燃料优化和NOx去除方面的高效率，使用氨作为还原剂的选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)目前是用于NOx还原的优选的技术。
可以将SCR催化剂布置为在DPF上游和/或下游的单独的单元。本领域中还已建议提供具有SCR催化剂的DPF，以获得更紧凑的清洁***。
用于氨SCR中的催化剂是本领域中公知的。这些之中，基于负载在TiO2载体上的V2O5和WO3的催化剂提供了借助采用氨的选择性催化还原(SCR)有效减少来自柴油燃料的交通工具的NOx排放的根本解决方案。与NOx排放控制的替代性策略如废气再循环(EGR)和沸石基催化剂相比，钒基SCR催化剂的一大优势在于它们的燃料效率、对硫的稳定性和/或价格。
当运行具有DPF的清洁***时，过滤器中捕获的颗粒物必须不时地形成或连续除去，从而避免过滤器上的压降。增加的压降的代价是燃料经济性的缺陷。因此，必须将在过滤器的入口侧处聚集在过滤器壁上的颗粒物通过活性再生或通过非催化被动再生而除去，在所述活性再生中，将颗粒物与负载在过滤器壁上的氧化催化剂接触与废气中的氧气组合在升高的废气温度以催化方式烧除。
在被动碳烟再生中，在低于550℃的温度用在上游DOC上通过氧化NO产生的NO2再生DPF。应当避免用废气中的氧气再生，从而控制温度低于550℃。如果过滤器不受控地用氧气再生，则温度可能上升到高于550℃。
尽管是有效的SCR催化剂，但是氧化钒基催化剂包含V2O5作为必要组分，其是有毒的。文献中的报道表明大体积的V2O5在与催化剂运行相关的温度具有明显蒸气压，并且V和W化合物与水反应形成具有增加的蒸气压的物质。
首先在高于600℃的大约这些***的最高可应用工作温度的温度释放可测量的量的钒。
因此，尤其在一体化至DPF中时存在V和W挥发性化合物可能从V2O5/WO3/TiO2SCR催化剂中蒸发的风险。V-SCR催化的DPF中的温度具有被暴露至超过600℃的温度的最高可能性，但是在严重的情况下，V-SCR催化剂中的温度还可能同时升高至高于600℃并且引发这些化合物的蒸发。
除了将钒和钨化合物排放至大气中的风险以外，还要考虑来自SCR反应的氨泄漏。为了获得最大的NOx转化率，典型地将氨以超化学计量量添加至废气中并且将未反应的氨排放至大气。
发明内容
本发明寻求通过组合钒和钨吸附剂与氨氧化催化剂，解决在用于从发动机废气中除去颗粒物和有害化合物(包括氮氧化物)的***中，由在SCR反应中使用钒和钨氧化物作为有效的氨SCR催化剂和超化学计量量的氨还原剂导致的上述问题。
因此，本发明在其最宽泛的方面是具有NH3-SCR活性、氨氧化活性和对上游SCR活性催化剂挥发出的挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂，所述三效催化剂包括选自高表面积的金属氧化物、沸石、二氧化硅、非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝及其混合物的高表面积化合物。
若干氧化物具有吸附蒸发的钒和钨的化合物的性质。与高表面积的氧化铈、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锆、非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝和沸石的至少一种混合的钒、钨和钛的氧化物已显示作为有用的V和W化合物吸附剂并且同时在SCR反应方面是活性的。优选将这些吸附剂与氨泄漏催化剂(ASC)组合。
典型的ASC制剂由基于任选与在氧化铝或二氧化钛载体上的钯组合的铂的氨氧化功能和SCR活性催化剂组成。在用于本发明的优选制剂中，将V、W吸附剂与SCR催化剂一起作为顶层施加至具有氨氧化催化剂的底层上。两个层都可以包含如具有V、W吸附能力的氧化铝、二氧化钛、二氧化硅-氧化铝的氧化物陶瓷的结合相。
在本发明的具体实施方案中，三效催化剂包括底层和顶层，所述底层包括涂覆在基材上或部分或完全形成基材的铂、氧化铝和/或二氧化钛和任选的钯，所述顶层包括与高表面积的氧化铈、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锆、非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝和沸石的至少一种混合的钒、钨和钛的氧化物。
因为会典型地将三效催化剂布置在排气***中最冷的位置处，所以在交通工具上的排气***的寿命期间在三效催化剂上将会捕获任何可能蒸发的V和W化合物。
在三效催化剂中采用相对厚的顶层实现良好的钒和钨吸附效率。
因此，在优选的实施方案中，顶层具有介于40μm和250μm之间的层厚度。
在另一优选的实施方案中，底层具有介于5μm和80μm之间的层厚度。当底层本身部分或完全形成基材时，层厚度为至多450μm。
为了确保氨从顶层至底层的足够的渗透性，顶层必须是相对多孔的。
因此，在另一优选的实施方案中，顶层具有介于20％和80％之间的孔隙率。
优选地，将三效催化剂涂覆在具有流通式整料形状的基材上。
当涂覆在具有流通式整料形状的基材上时，三效催化剂中的顶层的量按每升流通式整料计为介于50和500g之间。
三效催化剂中的底层的量按每升流通式整料计优选为介于5和255g之间，准确的量取决于是否将底层涂覆在整料基材的表面上或部分或全部形成整料基材。
当三效催化剂的底层按每升基材计包含0.0018g-0.35g铂和/或钯时，获得三效催化剂的良好的氨氧化活性。
三效催化剂的顶层按每升流通式整料计优选包括1.0g-20g五氧化二钒、3g-40g氧化钨、40g-460g二氧化钛和0g-86g二氧化硅、0g-86g氧化铈、0g-86g氧化铝、0g-86g非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝和0g-86g沸石。
以此确保将挥发性钒和钨化合物基本上吸附在二氧化钛和二氧化硅的表面上和将来自上游步骤的剩余量的NOx通过SCR反应选择性还原成氮气和水。
附图说明
图1显示了NOx转化率，连同NOx、N2O和N2的出口浓度。NH3-SCR中的在这些条件下的性能通过以低产率N2O和高产率N2在感兴趣的温度范围(250-400℃)内约50-60％的转化率来记录。图1显示了使用在100000h-1空速的氮气中的250ppm NOx、300ppm NH3、12％O2和4％水的进料，对于NH3-SCR的NOx转化率和对于Pt/V-W氧化物基整料三效催化剂而言，对于NOx、N2和N2O的出口浓度。
图2显示了在氨的选择性氧化中氨的转化率和对N2、NOx、N2O的选择性。在感兴趣的温度范围(250-400℃)内，将氨几乎完全转化并且反应产物主要由氮气组成。图2显示了使用在100000h-1空速的氮气中的200ppm NH3、12％O2和4％水的进料，对于Pt/V-W氧化物基整料三效催化剂而言，对于氨的选择性氧化，NH3转化率和对NOx、N2和N2O的选择性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
该实施例证实了三效催化剂的NH3-SCR方面的性能。所述催化剂由浸渍在用TiO2强化的玻璃纤维纸基整料上的Pt组成，在所述整料的顶部施加包含钒和钨、二氧化钛和二氧化硅的具有NH3-SCR活性的载体涂层(washcoat layer)。催化剂中的Pt含量为88mg/l。SCR活性载体涂层的含量为197g/l，其中5％为二氧化硅。将催化剂在性能测试前在550℃熟化1小时。反应器进料气体由在氮气中的250ppm NOx(其中少于5％以NO2存在)、300ppm NH3、12％O2和4％水组成。将流速调节至达到基于整料体积计100000h-1的空速。
实施例2
该实施例显示了如实施例1所表征的三效催化剂对于选择性氧化氨以降低胺泄漏的性能。将催化剂在550℃熟化1小时。用于该测量的进料气体为在氮气中的200ppm NH3、12％O2和4％水。将流动调节至达到基于整料体积计100000h-1的空速。

Claims (10)

1.三效催化剂，其具有NH3-SCR活性、氨氧化活性和对上游SCR活性催化剂挥发出的挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂，所述三效催化剂包括选自高表面积的金属氧化物、沸石、二氧化硅、非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝及其混合物的高表面积化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三效催化剂，其中所述三效催化剂包括底层和顶层，所述底层包括涂覆在基材上或部分或完全形成基材的铂、氧化铝和/或二氧化钛和任选的钯，所述顶层包括与高表面积的氧化铈、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锆、非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝和沸石的至少一种混合的钒、钨和钛的氧化物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的三效催化剂，其中所述顶层具有介于40μm和250μm之间的层厚度。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的三效催化剂，其中所述底层具有介于5μm和450μm之间的层厚度。
5.根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的三效催化剂，其中所述顶层具有介于20％和80％之间的孔隙率。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的三效催化剂，其中将所述三效催化剂涂覆在具有流通式整料形状的基材上。
7.根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的三效催化剂，其中所述三效催化剂中的顶层的量按每升基材计为介于50至500g之间。
8.根据权利要求2至7任一项所述的三效催化剂，其中所述三效催化剂中的底层的量按每升基材计为介于5和255g之间。
9.根据权利要求2至8任一项所述的三效催化剂，其中所述三效催化剂的底层按每升基材计包含0.0018g-0.35g铂和/或钯。
10.根据权利要求2至9任一项所述的三效催化剂，其中所述三效催化剂的顶层按每升流通式整料计包括1.0g-20g五氧化二钒、3g-40g氧化钨、40g-460g二氧化钛，和0g-86g二氧化硅、0g-86g氧化铈、0g-86g氧化铝、0g-86g非沸石型二氧化硅氧化铝和0g-86g沸石。
CN201680040417.8A 2015-07-09 2016-07-06 具有nh3‑scr活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂 Pending CN107847860A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201500404 2015-07-09
DKPA201500404 2015-07-09
PCT/EP2016/065952 WO2017005779A1 (en) 2015-07-09 2016-07-06 Three way catalyst having an nh3-scr activity, an ammonia oxidation activity and an adsorption capacity for volatile vanadium and tungsten compounds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107847860A true CN107847860A (zh) 2018-03-27

Family

ID=56345155

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201680040417.8A Pending CN107847860A (zh) 2015-07-09 2016-07-06 具有nh3‑scr活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20180193797A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3334517A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2018528849A (zh)
KR (1) KR20180030633A (zh)
CN (1) CN107847860A (zh)
WO (1) WO2017005779A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115920883A (zh) * 2022-11-29 2023-04-07 东风商用车有限公司 一种具有再生性能、降低n2o生成的scr催化剂
CN117019143A (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-11-10 中节能(山东)催化剂有限公司 一种脱硝、脱碳、脱氨三效复合催化剂及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109414648A (zh) 2016-07-14 2019-03-01 优美科股份公司及两合公司 钒捕集scr***
KR20220070013A (ko) * 2019-09-30 2022-05-27 바스프 코포레이션 탄화수소의 산화 및 NOx의 선택적 접촉 환원을 위한 다작용성 촉매

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140154163A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Ammonia oxidation catalyst
CN104582845A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2015-04-29 庄信万丰股份有限公司 沸石助催化的V/Ti/W催化剂

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5120695A (en) * 1989-07-28 1992-06-09 Degusaa Aktiengesellschaft (Degussa Ag) Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and gas turbines operated at above the stoichiometric ratio
US5362697A (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-08 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthetic layered MCM-56, its synthesis and use
JP3132960B2 (ja) * 1994-06-08 2001-02-05 三菱重工業株式会社 アンモニア分解用触媒
JP3506602B2 (ja) * 1997-02-27 2004-03-15 財団法人石油産業活性化センター メタノールの製造方法
JP3979702B2 (ja) * 1997-06-11 2007-09-19 イノヴィーン ユーエスエイ エルエルシー 水性マレイン酸を水素化して１，４−ブタンジオールとするための改善された触媒
JP2001524376A (ja) * 1997-12-02 2001-12-04 エンゲルハード・コーポレーシヨン 気体状のハロゲン化有機化合物および非ハロゲン化有機化合物を酸化させる方法および触媒
JP2000042415A (ja) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 炭化水素改質材を用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒
DE60017055T2 (de) * 1999-10-29 2005-05-25 Haldor Topsoe A/S Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniak
US20040192546A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2004-09-30 Zhongyuan Dang Catalyst for the low temperature oxidation of methane
JP4740217B2 (ja) * 2003-11-11 2011-08-03 本田技研工業株式会社 窒素酸化物を接触還元する方法
US7481983B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2009-01-27 Basf Catalysts Llc Zone coated catalyst to simultaneously reduce NOx and unreacted ammonia
WO2006109849A1 (ja) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-19 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus 窒素酸化物を接触還元するための触媒、触媒構造体及び窒素酸化物を接触還元するための方法
JP2006314989A (ja) * 2005-04-11 2006-11-24 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus 窒素酸化物を接触還元するための触媒及び触媒構造体
US9863297B2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2018-01-09 Basf Corporation Emission treatment system
US8524185B2 (en) * 2008-11-03 2013-09-03 Basf Corporation Integrated SCR and AMOx catalyst systems
CN104080530B (zh) * 2012-02-10 2018-08-07 巴斯夫欧洲公司 用于重整烃的含六铝酸盐的催化剂和重整方法
EP2834002B1 (en) * 2012-04-05 2019-03-20 BASF Corporation Pt-pd diesel oxidation catalyst with co/hc light-off and hc storage function

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104582845A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2015-04-29 庄信万丰股份有限公司 沸石助催化的V/Ti/W催化剂
US20140154163A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Ammonia oxidation catalyst

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
美国石油炼制者协会编著: "《美国石油炼制者协会年会报告选集》", 31 August 1988, 烃加工出版社 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115920883A (zh) * 2022-11-29 2023-04-07 东风商用车有限公司 一种具有再生性能、降低n2o生成的scr催化剂
CN117019143A (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-11-10 中节能(山东)催化剂有限公司 一种脱硝、脱碳、脱氨三效复合催化剂及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2018528849A (ja) 2018-10-04
KR20180030633A (ko) 2018-03-23
US20180193797A1 (en) 2018-07-12
EP3334517A1 (en) 2018-06-20
WO2017005779A1 (en) 2017-01-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9333490B2 (en) Zoned catalyst for diesel applications
JP2018159380A (ja) 車両ポジティブ点火内燃機関用排気システム
JP6285945B2 (ja) ＮＯｘおよび粒子を含んでいるディーゼル排気ガスを処理するための触媒システム
CN107849958A (zh) 从发动机废气中除去颗粒物和有害化合物的***
RU2015150057A (ru) Подложка фильтра, содержащая зонально нанесенное покрытие из пористого оксида с катализатором
JP2017006904A (ja) 車両ポジティブ点火内燃機関用排気システム
US10137413B2 (en) Diesel oxidation catalyst having a capture region for sulfur containing impurities
CN107847860A (zh) 具有nh3‑scr活性、氨氧化活性和对挥发性钒和钨化合物的吸附能力的三效催化剂
CN104334256A (zh) 用于防止铂对scr催化剂污染的方法
US10968802B2 (en) Method for preventing a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst from being contaminated with platinum
EP3320194B1 (en) Method for the removal of particulate matter and noxious compounds from engine exhaust gas
KR20210039497A (ko) 질소 산화물 저장 촉매

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20180327

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication