CN107846157B - Thermoelectric power generation device - Google Patents
Thermoelectric power generation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107846157B CN107846157B CN201710942106.7A CN201710942106A CN107846157B CN 107846157 B CN107846157 B CN 107846157B CN 201710942106 A CN201710942106 A CN 201710942106A CN 107846157 B CN107846157 B CN 107846157B
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- thermoelectric
- thermoelectric conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/856—Thermoelectric active materials comprising organic compositions
Abstract
The present invention relates to a thermoelectric power generation device, comprising: a heat collector which is a bottom hot plate; a thermoelectric conversion material including a P-type thermoelectric conversion material and an N-type thermoelectric conversion material which are alternately arranged at intervals along an extending direction of the bottom heat plate, have orientation, and have an orientation direction parallel to the extending direction; a heat insulating layer provided between the thermoelectric conversion material and the bottom hot plate; and an electrode which electrically connects the adjacent P-type thermoelectric conversion material and the N-type thermoelectric conversion material, and a side surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is in electrical and thermal contact with a side surface of the electrode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thin film thermoelectric devices, and particularly relates to a temperature difference power generation device.
Background
The thermoelectric conversion technology is a technology for directly converting thermal energy and electric energy by utilizing the Seebeck (Seebeck) effect and the Peltier (Peltier) effect of a semiconductor material, has a series of advantages of no noise, no emission of harmful substances, high reliability, long service life and the like, and has a function of being difficult to replace in the aspects of utilization of industrial waste heat, utilization of mobile and distributed heat sources and the like.
The performance of the thermoelectric material is related to three parameters of Seebeck coefficient alpha, electric conductivity sigma and thermal conductivity kappa, and thermoelectric figure of merit ZT (ZT = alpha) is used2σ T/κ) is described by this dimensionless parameter.
In practical applications, thermoelectric materials are processed into thermoelectric devices. The performance of the thermoelectric device is characterized by an output voltage, which is calculated by the formula V = n α Δ T. Wherein V represents the output voltage value of the device, n represents the logarithm of the thermocouple pair, alpha represents the Seebeck coefficient of the material, and delta T represents the temperature difference between the two ends of the heat collection pipe.
Based on the characteristics of thermoelectric materials, the manufacturing cost is high, the conversion efficiency is low, and the large-scale use of the thermoelectric cell is limited. In recent years, the research of thin film thermoelectric cells has become one of the important research directions in the field of thermoelectric devices, and is expected to be applied to portable electronic products and wearable electronic products.
However, the structure brings about a problem that a great amount of thermal radiation cannot be eliminated, because the vertical direction of the thermoelectric thin film is only 500 nm ~ 100 μm, the P-type thermoelectric thin film and the N-type thermoelectric thin film have smaller thermal conductivity, but the cold end is very close to the hot end, the thermal radiation heat at the hot end is already close to the heat conducted by the thermoelectric thin film, and the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end cannot be maintained, so although the thermoelectric thin film has higher merit value and conversion efficiency, the smaller temperature difference enables the output power of the thermoelectric cell in practical application to be still smaller.
In addition, for some thermoelectric materials having anisotropy (such as most organic thin film materials), the resistance in the direction parallel to the substrate (thin film) is significantly lower than that in the perpendicular direction, and more excellent electric and thermal transport is achieved in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate (i.e., thermoelectric thin film).
Disclosure of Invention
The problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device capable of effectively maintaining a temperature difference of thermoelectric modules, thereby improving performance of the thermoelectric power generation device.
Means for solving the problems:
to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device, comprising: the heat collector is a bottom hot plate; a thermoelectric conversion material including P-type thermoelectric conversion materials and N-type thermoelectric conversion materials which are alternately arranged at intervals along an extending direction of the bottom thermal plate, have orientation, and have an orientation direction parallel to the extending direction; a heat insulating layer provided between the thermoelectric conversion material and the bottom hot plate; and an electrode electrically connecting the P-type thermoelectric conversion material and the N-type thermoelectric conversion material, which are adjacent to each other, and a side surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is in electrical and thermal contact with a side surface of the electrode.
According to the thermoelectric power generation device, the heat conduction direction can be parallel to the substrate (thermoelectric material), the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric device can be effectively kept, the low resistance of the transverse orientation thermoelectric conversion material (such as most organic thin film materials) in the transverse direction is effectively utilized, the conversion efficiency of the device is improved, and finally the application in the field of wearable electronic energy is realized.
Further, the bottom hot plate comprises a heat collecting substrate and a heat radiating substrate, wherein the surfaces of the heat collecting substrate and the heat radiating substrate are respectively provided with protruding columns, and the protruding columns are arranged in a protruding mode towards the inner side. The upper base, the lower base and the protruding columns are made of the same material, namely the heat collecting substrate and the heat radiating substrate are used for collecting heat and radiating heat together.
Preferably, the contact between the P-type/N-type thermoelectric conversion material and the raised columns of the bottom thermal plate is close electrical and thermal contact.
Further, the heat insulating layer further includes a filling portion provided between the protruding columns.
Further, the heat collector is a good heat conductor comprising copper, aluminum, copper-aluminum alloy, or white steel.
Further, the thermoelectric conversion material is an organic thermoelectric thin film material, and is formed into a thin thermoelectric module with an orientation direction parallel to the extension direction, and the temperature difference range of the operation of the thin thermoelectric module is-50-70 ℃. If the thin film thermoelectric generation device is generally used for wearable equipment, the temperature of one end is the body temperature, generally about 37 ℃, and the temperature of the other end is the external environment temperature, which depends on different regions).
Further, the material of the heat insulation layer is glass fiber cotton, polyurethane, phenolic resin, foaming silica gel or aerogel; the thickness is between 0.1 and 5 mm.
Furthermore, the laying mode of the heat insulation layer is corrugated laying. And the heat insulation insulating layer can be laid in parallel with the bottom heat collection and dissipation substrate.
Further, the height of the electrode at the tip of the protruding pillar coincides with the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion material.
Further, the width of the convex column is between 1 and 4 mm; the length is between 1 mm and 8 mm.
Further, the proximal ends of the raised columns are spaced apart by a distance of between 2-20 mm; the distal ends are spaced apart by a distance of between 2-6 cm.
The invention has the following effects:
the thermoelectric module can effectively maintain the temperature difference of the thermoelectric module, and effectively utilize the low resistance of the transverse orientation thermoelectric film (such as most organic film materials) in the transverse direction, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a thermoelectric power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric generation device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a left side cross section of the thermoelectric generation device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a right side section of the thermoelectric generation device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a top cross section of the thermoelectric generation device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a heat collector according to an embodiment of the thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the temperature difference and the resulting current and voltage of the thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an output voltage, current curve and output power of an embodiment of the thermoelectric generation device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the thermal conduction of an embodiment of the thermoelectric generation device of the present invention;
description of the symbols:
1, a heat collector;
1a upper substrate;
1b a lower substrate;
1c, substrate bump posts;
1d, lower substrate convex columns;
2 a heat insulating layer;
3 a thermoelectric conversion material;
4 electrodes.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings for the purpose of facilitating understanding and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention.
In view of the various defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a thermoelectric power generation device capable of effectively maintaining the temperature difference of thermoelectric modules, thereby improving the performance of the thermoelectric power generation device. And for some thermoelectric materials oriented in the transverse direction (e.g., most organic thin film materials), the resistance parallel to the substrate (thin film) is significantly lower than the resistance in the perpendicular direction. If the heat conduction direction is parallel to the surface of the substrate (film), the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end can be effectively kept, and the conversion efficiency of the device can be improved. Therefore, how to design and manufacture a thin film thermoelectric device with the heat conduction direction parallel to the surface of the substrate (thin film) becomes the key for solving the application problem and realizing the further development of the thin film thermoelectric cell.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device having a heat conduction direction parallel to a substrate (thermoelectric material), comprising a heat collector 1, a heat insulating layer 2, a thermoelectric conversion material 3, and an electrode 4. In the present embodiment, the heat collector 1 is a bottom heat plate, and as shown in fig. 6, includes upper and lower substrates 1a and 1b (i.e., a heat collecting substrate and a heat dissipating substrate) having protruding columns 1c and 1d on respective surfaces thereof, and the protruding columns 1c and 1d are formed as elongated protrusions protruding inward, respectively, and the elongated protrusions extend in the depth direction of the heat collecting substrate/the heat dissipating substrate. The heat insulating layer 2 includes a barrier layer between the thermoelectric conversion material 3 and the heat collector 1. And, as shown in fig. 1, the thermal insulation layer 2 further includes a filling portion between adjacent closely spaced convex pillars 1c or 1d of the surface of the heat collector. The thermoelectric conversion material 3 is a thermoelectric conversion material with orientation, is arranged between the heat collecting substrate and the heat radiating substrate in parallel, and is provided with P-type thermoelectric thin films and N-type thermoelectric thin films which are alternately arranged in the transverse direction; the electrodes 4 are made of an electrically conductive material with high thermal conductivity, so that the adjacent P-type and N-type thermoelectric thin films are electrically connected. The side surfaces of the thermoelectric conversion material 3 are in close electrical and thermal contact with the side surfaces of the electrodes 4. In the present embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion material 3 may be an organic thermoelectric thin film material, and is formed as a thin thermoelectric module having an orientation direction parallel to the extending direction of the heat collector, and the temperature difference range of the operation of the thin thermoelectric module is-50 to 70 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 1, it is a schematic diagram of the core three-dimensional structure of the thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention. As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermoelectric generation device is applied to flexible wearable articles for daily use. Comprises a heat collector, heat insulating layers, thermoelectric conversion materials sandwiched between the heat insulating layers, and electrodes.
As can be seen from the figure, the heat collector has a good heat conductor as the heat collecting substrate, and the heat collecting substrate is designed with an integrally formed long protruding column 1c (as shown in the top cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, the position covered by the electrode 4), and the width is usually between 1-4mm, preferably 2 mm. The length of the long protruding columns of the heat collecting substrate is usually between 1 mm and 8 mm, preferably 5 mm. The electrodes are made of a highly heat and electric conductive material, and are coated along the tips of the two elongated projecting pillars and between the two elongated projecting pillars in a U-shape as shown in fig. 1, and the height of the electrodes at the tips of the elongated projecting pillars coincides with the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion material 3, typically between 500 nm and 1 mm. As shown in FIG. 6, the proximal ends of the bottom elongated raised posts are spaced apart a distance of between 2-20 mm, preferably 10 mm. The distal ends are spaced apart by a distance of between 2 and 6cm, preferably 4 cm.
The good heat conductor corresponding to the heat collecting substrate, which is the heat radiating substrate, is also designed with integrally formed long protruding columns 1d, and the width is usually between 1-4mm, preferably 2 mm. The length of the elongated projections of the heat sink substrate is generally between 1 and 8 mm, preferably 5 mm. The electrodes are made of a highly heat and electric conductive material, and are coated along the tips of the two elongated projecting pillars and between the two elongated projecting pillars in a U-shape as shown in fig. 1, and the height of the electrodes at the tips of the elongated projections coincides with the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion material 3, typically between 500 nm and 1 mm. As shown in FIG. 6, the proximal ends of the bottom strip projections are spaced apart by a distance of between 2-20 mm, preferably 10 mm. The distal ends are spaced apart by a distance of between 2 and 6cm, preferably 4 cm.
The outer surface of the heat dissipation substrate can be arranged on the outer surface of the wearable product, and the heat dissipation and refrigeration in the environment of conventional air cooling or gas flow and the like are mainly used.
The side surfaces of the oriented thermoelectric films of the heat collecting substrate and the heat radiating substrate are respectively in close electrical and thermal contact with the side surfaces of the upper and lower substrate electrodes. The thermoelectric film is isolated from the upper and lower substrates by a heat insulating layer, the thickness of the heat insulating layer is usually between 0.1 and 5mm, preferably 2mm, and the heat insulating layer is distributed in a wave shape.
Examples
As shown in FIG. 5, the temperature of the left side of the P-type thermoelectric film of the present invention is equal to the temperature of the heat collecting substrate, the temperature of the right side of the P-type thermoelectric film is equal to the temperature of the heat dissipating substrate, the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric film is close to the temperature difference Δ T between the heat collecting substrate and the heat dissipating substrate, and a voltage V is formed in the transverse direction of the P-type thermoelectric film1。
Similarly, the temperature on the left side of the N-type thermoelectric film is equivalent to the temperature of the heat radiating substrate, the temperature on the right side of the N-type thermoelectric film is equivalent to the temperature of the heat collecting substrate, the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric film is close to the temperature difference Delta T between the heat collecting substrate and the heat radiating substrate, and a voltage V is formed in the transverse direction of the N-type thermoelectric film2。
As such, they are continuously connected in series to increase the output voltage. The effective output of the voltage of the temperature difference power generation device can be realized by ensuring that the temperature difference of 10-70 ℃ is formed between the heat collection substrate and the heat dissipation substrate; in addition, for the thermoelectric thin film which is transversely oriented, the transverse resistance of the oriented thermoelectric thin film can be reduced, so that the output voltage and the efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation device are effectively improved.
The embodiment example is shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, an oriented conductive polymer poly-3-hexylthiophene is used as a P-type thermoelectric thin film, oriented polyethylene nickel tetrathiol is used as an N-type thermoelectric thin film, and the output voltage-current curve and the output power of the two pairs of P-type/N-type thermoelectric thin films are shown in the figure when the temperature difference is 40 ℃. When the output current is 0.18 mA, the output power reaches 2.7 muW. If a plurality of thermoelectric modules are integrated in series and parallel, the output voltage and current can be greatly improved, the output power is increased, and the development and application of the thin-film thermoelectric cell are realized.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the heat collecting substrate and the heat dissipating substrate of the heat collector may be heat conductors made of the same material, or may be heat conductors made of different materials, as long as the temperature difference range required by the present invention is satisfied.
Claims (7)
1. A thermoelectric power generation device is provided with:
the heat collector is a bottom hot plate;
a thermoelectric conversion material including P-type thermoelectric conversion materials and N-type thermoelectric conversion materials which are alternately arranged at intervals along an extending direction of the bottom thermal plate, have orientation, and have an orientation direction parallel to the extending direction; the thermoelectric conversion material is an organic thermoelectric thin film material, and the P-type organic thermoelectric thin film material and the N-type organic thermoelectric thin film material are transversely and alternately arranged at intervals;
the heat insulation layer is arranged between the thermoelectric conversion material and the bottom hot plate, the laying mode of the heat insulation layer is corrugated laying, and the laid material is glass fiber cotton, polyurethane, phenolic resin, foamed silica gel or aerogel;
and an electrode electrically connecting the adjacent P-type thermoelectric conversion material and the N-type thermoelectric conversion material, wherein the side surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is in electrical and thermal contact with the side surface of the electrode, the thermoelectric conversion material is formed into a thin thermoelectric module with an orientation direction parallel to the extension direction, and the temperature difference range of the operation of the thin thermoelectric module is-50-70 ℃.
2. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom hot plate comprises a heat collecting substrate and a heat dissipating substrate each having a surface provided with a convex column, wherein the convex columns are each convexly provided toward an inner side.
3. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 2, wherein the heat insulating layer further comprises a packed portion provided between the protruding pillars.
4. The thermoelectric generation device of claim 1, wherein the bottom thermal plate is a good thermal conductor comprising copper, aluminum, a copper-aluminum alloy, or white steel.
5. The thermoelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a thickness of the heat insulating layer is between 0.1 and 5 mm.
6. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 2, wherein a height of the electrode at a tip of the convex column coincides with a thickness of the thermoelectric conversion material.
7. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 2, wherein the width of the convex pillar is between 1-4 mm; the length is between 1 mm and 8 mm.
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| CN201710942106.7A CN107846157B (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | Thermoelectric power generation device |
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| JP6047413B2 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2016-12-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Thermoelectric module |
| JP2016139796A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-04 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Thermoelectric conversion material and thermoelectric conversion module having the same |
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