CN107820973A - A kind of cultivation management method of the U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation management method of the U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107820973A CN107820973A CN201711097634.3A CN201711097634A CN107820973A CN 107820973 A CN107820973 A CN 107820973A CN 201711097634 A CN201711097634 A CN 201711097634A CN 107820973 A CN107820973 A CN 107820973A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of shaping and trimming method of U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation and its southern peach mechanized farming management method based on the shaping and trimming method, belong to the cultivation management field of fruit tree.The shaping and trimming method of the U-shaped peach of the suitable mechanized operation of the present invention includes：Done surely when growing into 40~50cm after peach field planting, select and remain the angle that 2 rows form it into 40 °~60 ° to the major branch of stretching, extension；When the spacing between 2 major branch tops reaches 0.8~1.2m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U-shaped peach.The tree-like control height of tree of U-shaped of the present invention is in below 3.5m, and in the ranks hat width is small, and begins to form 500~800 pounds/acre of yield in field planting Second Year, and can reaches 1000~1500 pounds/acre within the 3rd year, realizes early high-yield；All operations are all carried out using machinery, and it is artificial to save 30%；Planting type of the wide row away from dense planting causes tree body, and in the ranks printing opacity is good, and fruit quality is excellent, also with high yield, high-quality, early high-yield, the characteristics of being easy to Fully-mechanized operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation management field of fruit tree, and in particular to a kind of U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation
Cultivation management method.
Background technology
Peach is the fourth-largest fruit tree species in China, and cultivated area is extensive, and peach trimming is more based on happy type in production, no
By being that big machinery cannot be introduced into peach garden in the production process of orchard or in harvest, so that mechanization degree is relatively low, now
There is an inclination trunk shape peach cultural method that a kind of suitable big do mechanization operation has been recorded in patent CN106258750A, but because
Vigorous in southern area shoot length to tilt trunk shape, young sprout easily grows up to thicker bough, in the effect of apical dominance
Under, upper grown is vigorous, easily causes that middle and lower part shading is serious, and young sprout is withered so that tilts trunk shape and is not appropriate for southern peach
Tree cultivation.
The development of fruit tree mechanization and social development and policy making are closely bound up, China planting fruit trees family with
Based on home mode, cultivated area is small, and purchase machine cost is high, new tree-like test period length, therefore mechanization is in peasant household
It is difficult to promotion and application.With the development of society, the National People's Congress that the progress of peasant's urbanization causes to be engaged in agriculture is the elderly mostly, labor
The appearance of the policies such as power famine, land transformation causes soil to be integrated, increasing enterprise capital investment to fruit
In tree production, fruit tree mechanized farming turns into too impatient to wait in fruits industry development and needs to solve the problems, such as under this background.State
Interior peach production mechanization research is at the early-stage, is also given birth in especially current peach without suitable dwarfing rootstock plus peach
Long amount is big, and the finespun hammer in apple can not be used tree-like, then how to develop peach it is tree-like so as to adapt to southern rainfall it is abundant,
The high integrated environment of temperature, and mechanized operation can be carried out, it is not directed to related content in existing document.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to a kind of cultivation management method of the U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation,
It can adapt to the integrated environment that southern rainfall is abundant, temperature is high.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The invention provides a kind of shaping and trimming method of the U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation, comprise the following steps：
Done surely when growing into 40~50cm after peach field planting, select and remain the angle that 2 major branches form it into 40 °~60 °；When 2
When spacing between individual major branch top reaches 0.8~1.2m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U-shaped peach.
Preferably, the direction of growth of the major branch is on the contrary, with the row of peach to relatively parallel.
Preferably, attachment region of the major branch on trunk is at a distance of 10~20cm.
Preferably, the U-shaped peach height of tree crown control is in 3~3.5m.
Present invention also offers a kind of southern peach mechanized farming method based on described shaping and trimming method, including
Following steps：
1) wide 4.5~6.0m ridge is played in field, and the both sides on ridge are deep 35~50cm ditch, and furrow width 3m ditches ridge interlocks；
2) bondage device is buried every 6~9m parallel on the direction on the ridge；
3) it is colonized a peach seedling every 2~3m between step 2) the bondage device；
4) pruning is carried out according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 shaping and trimming method, obtains U-shaped peach.
Preferably, the peach mechanized farming method also including the management to orchard ground, flower and fruit management and is implemented early
Phase gets bumper crops into flower technology.
Preferably, the management of the orchard ground includes full garden sward or tree disk covering ground cloth inter-row green covering or tree disk is ploughed clearly
Inter-row green covering.
Pruning method provided by the invention can obtain U-shaped peach, and the tree-like suitable southern high-temperature of U-shaped is rainy
Environment, the major branch of peach two after trimming is with going to parallel, diminution hat width of the branch row to stretching, extension, after formation U-shaped is tree-like, tree body
Upper there was only two-stage branch, i.e. major branch and result side shoot, as a result side shoot raw on major branch, and printing opacity is good between tree body, and fruit quality is excellent.
Peach mechanized farming method based on U-shaped, by the combination on Kuan Gou and wide ridge, both solved the big need of southern area rainfall
The problem of wanting draining, it turn avoid because the problem of conventional drainage ditch is located at the walking and operation of intermediate effects machinery of two rows,
By the cultivation mode of the close system of wide row, increase operating space in the ranks, effectively reduce tree body hat width, especially go to hat width,
It is easy to a variety of machineries such as cultivator, atomizing sprayer, baby tractor, hay mover to be walked in operation in the ranks, improves operating efficiency,
It is artificial to save 30%；And field planting Second Year can form 500~800 jin of yield, can reach within the 3rd year 1000~1500 jin/
Mu, realize the purpose of early high-yield.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the U-shaped peach that the trimming that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides obtains；
Fig. 2 is the U-shaped peach result shape of Second Year after the field planting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides；
Fig. 3 is the U-shaped peach result shape of the 3rd year after the field planting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides；
Fig. 4 is the orchard using U-shaped that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides；
Fig. 5 is that the relation schema figure between bondage device is set on the ridge that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides；
Ditch ridge ideograph when Fig. 6 is the site preparation that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of shaping and trimming method of the U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation, comprise the following steps：
Done surely when growing into 40~50cm after peach field planting, select and remain the angle that 2 major branches form it into 40 °~60 °；When 2
When spacing between individual major branch top reaches 0.8~1.2m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U-shaped peach.
In the present invention, the kind of the peach is preferably southern outstanding nectarine and/or yellow peach kind, is more preferably
New phoenix honeydew, Jin Yuan, precocious nectarine Shanghai oil 005, precocious yellow peach brocade spring, late-maturing yellow peach are beautiful；In the present invention, the peach comes
Come from Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City.In the present invention, the peach after southern resident time is preferably peach fallen leaves to sprouting
Before bud, more preferably it is colonized in the winter time, is advantageous to the sprouting and growth of peach fibrous root.
In the present invention, 40~50cm of heading height after peach field planting, is advantageous to the tree-like cultivation of peach U-shaped.
After peach completes the fixed dry sprouting, the angle that 2 major branches form it into 40 °~60 ° is selected and remain.In the present invention,
After fixed dry, June, young sprout was sent, and selected both direction on the contrary, with the row of peach to relatively parallel, thickness is close, and angle is suitable
Branch as major branch, the distance between attachment region of the major branch on trunk is preferably 10~20cm, between attachment region
Hypotelorism, major branch easily cleaves in attachment region in growth course, hypertelorism, be unfavorable for being formed needed for it is tree-like, from it is too remote,
Due to apical dominance, two young sprout growing way differences are big, and two branch growths are uneven.In the present invention, such as less than 40 ° of the angle,
40 °~60 ° of angle can be formed it into by way of drawing branch, described 40 °~60 ° of angle is advantageous to major branch after preventing from bearing fruit
Crushed or fractureed by fruit, this angle can also relax tree vigo(u)r, the interior ventilation of increase tree body, printing opacity, be advantageous to height
The formation of quality fruits, angle of the present invention are more preferably 45 °.
In the present invention, when the spacing between 2 major branch tops reaches 0.8~1.2m, preferably bamboo is inserted by setting both sides
Pole and use discard cloth colligation major branch rear haulage to bamboo pole, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U-shaped peach
Tree.In the present invention, the spacing between 2 major branch tops is preferably 1m；In the present invention, the U-shaped peach tree
Crown height degree is 3~3.5m.
In the present invention, in the reforming process of the U-shaped peach, trimming is preferably also included, the trimming is preferred
Be in major branch growth course, for the raw sturdy vigorous young sprout of growth on trunk, carried out when length is more than 30cm
Pinching, by branch and the operation such as branch is drawn, the prosperous length of control young sprout and excessively thick promotes the growth and overstriking of major branch；More preferably in September
Carry out an autumn trimming ten days to October, mainly remove the overstocked branch in top and upright strong prosperous branch, the branch of excessive growth, increase in tree body
Light is shown in hall ventilation, promotes transformation of the young sprout leaf bud to bud.
Present invention also offers a kind of southern peach mechanized farming method based on the shaping and trimming method, including with
Lower step：
1) wide 4.5~6.0m ridge is played in field, and the both sides on ridge are deep 35~50cm ditch, and the meter Gou ridges of furrow width 3 interlock；
2) bondage device is buried every 6~9m parallel on the direction on the ridge；
3) it is colonized a peach seedling every 2~3m between step 2) the bondage device；
4) pruning is carried out according to above-mentioned shaping and trimming method, obtains U-shaped peach.
In the present invention, wide 4.5~6.0m ridge is played in field, and the both sides on ridge are deep 35~50cm ditch, and the meter Gou ridges of furrow width 3 are handed over
It is wrong.In the present invention, organic fertilizer is preferably spread fertilizer over the fields before described wide 4.5~6.0m ridge in soil, the amount of the organic fertilizer is excellent
Elect every mu as and spread fertilizer over the fields 5 tons；The organic fertilizer is preferably decomposed farm manure, in more preferably decomposed cow dung, chicken manure, sheep manure
One or more, most preferably decomposed cow dung.In the present invention, described wide 4.5~6.0m ridge, the ridge are preferred
Dig ditch among ridge, the ditch preferable wide 30cm, deep 25-30cm, the ditch among ridge can accelerate rainy season draining, again
Mechanically actuated is not interfered with；The ridging preferably uses mechanically actuated, and the machinery is preferably excavator, bull-dozer and builds bed
Machine.
The present invention preferably digs planting pit on the ridge, and the seeding row spacing of the planting pit is preferably line-spacing 3.5m~4.5m,
2~3m of spacing in the rows；The planting pit is preferably excavated with machinery, and the machinery is preferably earth auger.
In the present invention, the ditch is gutter；The width of the ditch is preferably 2.5~3.5m, more preferably 3m；It is described
Ditch preferable deep 35~50cm, preferred deep 40cm, in the present invention, described in the Edge Distance close to the ditch on the ridge on ridge
The distance of tree is preferably 50cm, and tree is more preferably 4m with adjacent line space on the ridge.In the present invention, by wide ditch and
The combination on wide ridge, both having solved the problems, such as that southern area rainfall was big needs draining, turn avoid because conventional drainage ditch is located at
The middle of two rows influences the problem of walking and operation of machinery, 4m is preferably reserved at the two in the field, so that machinery falls
Head, in the case where not influenceing draining, wide row is away from being easy to mechanically actuated.
The present invention buries bondage device on the direction parallel to the ridge every 6~9m.In the present invention, the bondage dress
Put preferably concrete column, the concrete column preferably high 2~3m, more preferably high 2.5m；The concrete column is preferably embedded into underground 0.4
~0.8m, more preferably it is embedded to underground 0.5m.The present invention does not have special restriction, this hair to the shape of the cross section of the concrete column
The cross section of the bright concrete column is preferably square, more preferably 9cm × 9cm square；Between the concrete column
Spacing is preferably 6~9m, more preferably 6m；The concrete column is preferably connected by plastic-steel line, and preferred plastic-steel line passes through water
The height of mud post is respectively 0.5m, 1m, 2m.In the present invention, the concrete column, on the one hand plays bondage treelet, and auxiliary forms U
The tree-like effect of font, on the other hand can also the effectively pre- typhoon protection harm tree-like to U-shaped.
After having buried bondage device, the present invention is colonized a peach seedling between the bondage device buried every 2~3m.At this
In invention, the kind of the peach is preferably southern nectarine best in quality and/or yellow peach kind, and more preferably new phoenix is sweet
Dew, Jin Yuan, precocious nectarine Shanghai oil 005, precocious yellow peach brocade spring, late-maturing yellow peach are beautiful, and the peach seedling derives from Shanghai City agriculture
The industry academy of sciences；The peach, to before rudiment, is more preferably colonized, institute in the winter time after southern resident time is preferably peach fallen leaves
State the sprouting and growth that are set with beneficial to peach fibrous root of resident time.
The present invention carries out pruning according to above-mentioned shaping and trimming method, obtains U-shaped peach.In the present invention, in shape
Into with keep peach U-shaped it is tree-like when, preferably also including dormant pruning and growth period trims, and the dormant pruning is preferred
Be divided into treelet trimming, adult tree-pruning and aging tree-pruning；The treelet trimming is preferably for 1~2 year after field planting
Peach, due to the reason of southern natural conditions, sapling up-growth is more vigorous, therefore winter pruning is preferably light, based on Long pruning, increases
Add little tree to stay branch amount, relax tree vigo(u)r, to forming the unnecessary branch beyond tree-like skeleton branch, do not influence it is tree-like on the premise of,
It can allow its horizontal growth, growing way be controlled, beneficial to result；The adult tree-pruning is preferably directed to the peach of 3~6 years after field planting,
Carry out different trimmings according to tree vigo(u)r is strong and weak, prosperous tree-pruning is preferably light by force for growing way, few cutting back or not cutting back, with it is long put and prune off based on；
The weak tree of growing way, cutting back pruning can be used more, help its growing way, extend the economic life, therefore, in production practices, will need to prune off and
Cutting back pruning is combined, and master branch trimming GPRS is curbed the violent and assist the weak, and balances tree vigo(u)r, and tree crown should not intersect between strain, need to bounce back in time,
If more than 3.5 meters of the height of tree, should bind in time, the emphasis in this period is cultivation results branch group and extends its life-span, as a result
Branch group can use double branch updating methods, using the upright young sprout of back, stay 4~6 buds weight cutting back, promote it and send out branch, to be bounced back after result,
To some long fruit branches, single renewal can be also used, as a result rear retraction in time；The aging tree-pruning, preferably declines for tree body
Weak, under blade and intensely dark, trunk and a large amount of gummosis of major branch, branch of excessive growth quantity are reduced, and shoot length is medium and small less than 30cm
Branch group starts to become feeble and die；Middle long fruitful branch is few, and bottom baldness portion sprouts new buds, and setting fruit position is outer rapidly to be moved；Major branch tip starts
Withered, full fruitful branch total amount of setting is reduced, and mu branch amount declines, and fruit substantially diminishes, and yield drastically declines, and the quality of peach fruit is also therewith
The peach of decline, this section of period division result branch group are needed outside rejuvenation renewal, and master, side shoot to aging will also carry out retraction and repair
Cut, aggravate pruning rate, now, thorax occurs if any the branch of excessive growth in tree crown, should try one's best using the branch of excessive growth for retaining cella, without repairing
Cut or light pruning, Second Year can are transformed into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, filled a vacancy, allow it to be converted into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, while strengthen fertilizer
Water management (autumn more basal dressings, spring increase nitrogen fertilizer amount), extends the veteran life-span.Growth period trimming of the present invention is preferable
To remove competition bud near extension secateurs mouths at different levels in April, sprout tillers on bud, and stock near saw kerf, protect useful bud good
Quite grow；Early and middle ten dayses were dredged and deleted or turn round tip control in time to the newborn branch of excessive growth May, can reduce stone phase physiological fallen fruit；6~July dredges
Except upright, shading enriching shoot, improve tree crown ventilation and penetrating light；Further according to canopy degree after harvesting, carry out once appropriateness and prune off,
Make nutrient centralizedly supply, cultivate healthy and strong fruitful branch.
Southern peach mechanized farming method of the present invention, preferably also including the management to orchard ground, flowers and fruits
Management, early high-yield into flower technology, the management of the orchard ground include full garden sward or tree disk covering ground cloth inter-row green covering or
Set disk and plough inter-row green covering clearly；The full garden sward, irrigation system is preferably equipped with orchard and is equipped with and can easily be cradled
On the premise of setting disk and inter-row weed mechanical (such as hay mover), full garden sward is carried out, by constantly cradling, can be slowly
Orchard soil organic matter and fertility are improved, the ecosystem in orchard can also be improved by forming the benign circulatory system of sustainable development
And microenvironment.In the present invention, the tree disk covering anti-grass cloth and inter-row green covering, simple irrigate preferably is equipped with orchard is
System and simple machinery of mowing, it can select to set disk covering anti-grass cloth and the pattern of inter-row green covering, have small space in anti-grass cloth, have
There is airing function, in general rainfall can ooze down, and the moisture under film is not easy evaporation and scattered and disappeared, most important to can be prevented from setting
The growth of disk weeds, save the expense of artificial weeding；The anti-grass cloth is preferably that gardening black removes meadow cloth, specification 90g/cm2,
0.5 meter~4.5 meters of width；The anti-grass cloth will remove weeds before laying, ground grading, the laying trends of the times will ground cloth stretch it is taut
Tightly, the ground cloth for setting both sides mutually joins, and land used cloth nail is fixed, and as far as possible without soil on ground cloth, avoids weeds propagation and widespread, there is drip irrigation equipment
Orchard, drip irrigation pipe can be positioned over ground cloth below, winter ground cloth raise, carry out cleaning drying, with reference to autumn basal dressing (9~
October) once turned over (deep 30~40cm) Second Year spring and covered again.Tree disk of the present invention is ploughed clearly and inter-row green covering,
There is no irrigation system in orchard preferably, orchard region annual rainfall is less, in the case of can not carrying out orchard ground cover, enters
Row tree disk covering anti-grass cloth is in the ranks ploughed clearly or natural grass；The natural grass does not preferably do to weeds and located in growth early stage
Reason, is allowed to free growth, and manually pulling out malignant weed, (strong adaptability, the wide, quantity of distribution is big, harm is serious, preventing and treating is difficult
Weeds, such as datura, grey dish, Artemisia stelleriana, cogongrass), cradle, 6~8cm of the height for the stubble left, control in time when grass grows to 30~50cm
No more than 50cm, the grass cut off is covered in around tree disk weeds height in the ranks, and whole year cuts off number as 3~5 times.
In the present invention, there is no special restriction into colored means to high yield, using well known to those skilled in the art normal
Rule high yield is into flower method, and in the present invention, the early high-yield is controlled after promoting before being preferably into flower technology, more preferably
More fertilising water promote sapling up-growth before July, and late July promotes the formation of bud using paclobutrazol control tree vigo(u)r, then the 4-7 months
Monthly pour and apply 2~3 fertilizer：Water volume ratio 1：4 thin rich water (thin liquid manure refers to decomposed night soil etc. and adds the fertilizer that water forms)
Or 0.5% composite fertilizer promotes tree crown early to be formed, spray 150-300 times of paclobutrazol control new slightly prosperous length mid-July and urge to become reconciled into flower
The formation of bud, (if control shoot effect is good, grown on top point stops differentiation, without tender leaf if control shoot DeGrain after two weeks
Grow, if control shoot effect is bad, newly slightly may proceed to extend), then spray a paclobutrazol.
In the present invention, there is no special restriction to the means of flower and fruit management, using well known to those skilled in the art normal
Flower and fruit management method is advised, in the present invention, the flower and fruit management preferably includes flower and fruit thinning management and bagging management.Institute
Flower and fruit thinning is stated preferably to carry out in big flower bud phase；Fruit thinning is carried out before backwardness two weeks to the stone phase is spent.According to different cultivars feature
And different maturation period, yield is adjusted by trimming, flower thinning, fruit thinning, it is general to be controlled per per mu yield in 1000-1500kg；The bagging
The bagging preferably on middle-late ripening variety, it is furthermore preferred that honey peach selects yellow bag, yellow peach selects yellow bag or black bag；The set
The time of bag postpones backward according to the extension in maturity period, typically carries out bagging to early June from mid-May；Needed before the bagging
Spray a sterilizing insecticide agricultural chemicals.
Heretofore described mechanized farming management, it is preferred that with usage mining machine, bull-dozer and bed can be built including building well
Machine, earth auger carry out burying to put and taking with planting pit for concrete column；During the floor control in orchard, using ditching machine carry out ditching and
Cleaning, is intertilled and is applied fertilizer using high-power cultivator；During flower and fruit management, flower thinning is carried out using semi-automatic flower thinning appts；Trimming
When being handled with branch, trimmed using electric shear, the trimming of higher part position is carried out using hoistable platform, branch is carried out using pulverizer
Bar chopping and returning；During weeding, weeding in the ranks is carried out using sitting type hay mover and hand-held lawn machine；Sprayed during spray using wind spraying aid type
Mist machinery；When irrigating and applying fertilizer, drip irrigation system and fertilization system (Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator and fertilizing pump) are used；, can be with during harvesting
Fruits and vegetables transport is carried out by hoistable platform and baby tractor, fruit tree classification can be divided automatically using various grading machineries
Choosing；Peach cultural method based on U-shaped, by the combination on Kuan Gou and wide ridge, both solved the big needs of southern area rainfall
The problem of draining, it turn avoid because the problem of conventional drainage ditch is located at the walking and operation of intermediate effects machinery of two rows, leads to
The cultivation mode of the close system of wide row is crossed, increases operating space in the ranks, effectively reduces tree body hat width, is especially gone to hat width, just
Walked in a variety of machineries such as cultivator, atomizing sprayer, baby tractor, hay mover in operation in the ranks, improve operating efficiency, save
It is artificial to save 30%；And field planting Second Year can form 500~800 jin of yield, can reach within the 3rd year 1000~1500 jin/
Mu, realize the purpose of early high-yield.
With reference to embodiment to a kind of U-shaped peach shaping and trimming method provided by the invention and the peach based on this method
Tree cultural method is described in detail, but they can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5 tons of decomposed cow dungs before site preparation；
1) wide 5m ridge is played in field with excavator, and the both sides on ridge are deep 40cm ditch, and ditch ridge interlocks (as shown in Figure 6)；
2) a high concrete column of 2.5m is buried every 6m parallel on the direction on the ridge, and in concrete column 0.5m, 1m, 2m
Position bondage plastic-steel line (as shown in Figure 5)；
3) cement intercolumniation is colonized oily 005 seedling in a Shanghai every 2m；
4) do 50cm surely after peach field planting, select and remain 2 it is in opposite direction, and each parallel to peach row to major branch make its shape
Angle at 45 °；When the spacing between 2 major branch tops reaches 1.0m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U
Font peach (as described in Figure 1), control height of tree crown is in below 3m；Fruit tree Second Year after field planting initially forms yield (such as Fig. 2
It is shown), start within the 3rd year to get bumper crops (as shown in Figure 3)；Whole orchard uses full garden sward pattern (as shown in Figure 4).
Embodiment 2
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5 tons of Chicken dungs before site preparation；
1) wide 6.0m ridge is played in field with excavator, and the both sides on ridge are deep 40cm ditch, and ditch ridge interlocks；
2) a high concrete column of 2.5m is buried every 8m parallel on the direction on the ridge, and in concrete column 0.5m, 1m, 2m
Position bondage plastic-steel line；
3) cement intercolumniation is colonized a bright and beautiful spring seedling every 2.5m；
4) do 45cm surely after peach field planting, select and remain 2 it is in opposite direction, and each parallel to peach row to major branch make its shape
Into 40 ° of angle；When the spacing between 2 major branch tops reaches 1.2m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U
Font peach, control height of tree crown is in below 3m；Fruit tree Second Year after field planting initially forms yield, and the 3rd year starts to get bumper crops；
Whole orchard uses natural grass pattern.
Embodiment 3
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5 tons of decay sheep excrements before site preparation；
1) wide 4.5m ridge is played in field with excavator, and the both sides on ridge are deep 50cm ditch, and ditch ridge interlocks；
2) a high concrete column of 2.5m is buried every 9m parallel on the direction on the ridge, and in concrete column 0.5m, 1m, 2m
Position bondage plastic-steel line；
3) cement intercolumniation is colonized a beautiful seedling every 3m；
4) do 50cm surely after peach field planting, select and remain 2 it is in opposite direction, and each parallel to peach row to major branch make its shape
Into 40 ° of angle；When the spacing between 2 major branch tops reaches 0.8m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U
Font peach, control height of tree crown is in below 3m；Fruit tree Second Year after field planting initially forms yield, and the 3rd year starts to get bumper crops；
Whole orchard is using covering anti-grass cloth inter-row green covering pattern.
The height of tree, thing hat width, north and south hat width, single plant yield, mean fruit weight and the per mu yield of embodiment 1~3 are determined respectively
The data such as amount,
Test data after the trimming of the different cultivars U-shaped of table 1.
As seen from the above embodiment, the U-shaped using the present invention is tree-like, and the control height of tree is in below 3.5m, and in the ranks hat width is small,
And begin to form 500~800 pounds/acre of yield in field planting Second Year, the 3rd year can reaches 1000~1500 pounds/acre, in fact
Existing early high-yield；All operations are all carried out using machinery, and it is artificial to save 30%；Planting type of the wide row away from dense planting causes tree body
In the ranks printing opacity is good, and fruit quality is excellent, also with high yield, high-quality, early high-yield, the characteristics of Fully-mechanized operation.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of U-shaped peach shaping and trimming method of suitable mechanized operation, comprises the following steps：
Done surely to 40~50cm after peach field planting, it is described it is fixed dry after select and remain the angle that 2 major branches form it into 40 °~60 °, direction
Towards in the ranks；
When 2 major branches, which grow to top spacing, reaches 0.8~1.2m, make the upright growth of young sprout of major branch, obtain U-shaped
Peach.
2. shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the direction of growth of the major branch is on the contrary, and peach
The row of tree is to relatively parallel.
3. shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that attachment region of the major branch on trunk is apart
10~20cm.
4. shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the U-shaped peach height of tree crown control is 3
~3.5m.
5. a kind of southern peach mechanized farming method of shaping and trimming method based on described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, bag
Include following steps：
1) wide 4.5~6.0m ridge is played in field, and the both sides on ridge are deep 35~50cm ditch, and ditch ridge interlocks；
2) bondage device is buried every 6~9m parallel on the direction on the ridge；
3) it is colonized a peach seedling every 2~3m between step 2) the bondage device；
4) pruning is carried out according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 shaping and trimming method, obtains U-shaped peach.
6. southern peach mechanized farming method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the peach cultural method is also
Including the management to orchard ground, flower and fruit management and implement early high-yield into flower technology.
7. southern peach mechanized farming method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the management of the orchard ground
Inter-row green covering is ploughed clearly including full garden sward or tree disk covering ground cloth inter-row green covering or tree disk.
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| CN108804854A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 河北农业大学 | Tree body structure parameter estimation method and system for mechanical fruit tree pruning |
| CN109618799A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of pruning method that four major branch of plane is tree-like and its application in cultivation |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108804854A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 河北农业大学 | Tree body structure parameter estimation method and system for mechanical fruit tree pruning |
| CN108804854B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2022-11-22 | 河北农业大学 | Tree body structure parameter estimation method and system for mechanical fruit tree pruning |
| CN109618799A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of pruning method that four major branch of plane is tree-like and its application in cultivation |
| CN109618799B (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2021-01-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | Pruning method for planar four-main-branch tree form and application of pruning method in cultivation |
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