CN105875105B - A kind of small digging machine site preparation plantation oil tea method in mountain area - Google Patents
A kind of small digging machine site preparation plantation oil tea method in mountain area Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
A kind of small digging machine site preparation plantation oil tea method in mountain area, it is related to a kind of method of Southern Mountain Areas of China oil tea plantation, cave is dug by small digging machine site preparation, it can overcome the shortcomings of the big cave of excavated by manual work and large and medium-sized digging machine site preparation, reaching the advantages that Growth of Camellia oleifera is fast, cost of forestation is low, the density of plantation is reasonable, few convenient for management, soil erosion includes that forest land, site preparation is selected to dig cave, repair forest-road, fertilising, return soil, select seedling, kind to set, tending management step.The method of the present invention is applied suitable for Southern Mountain Areas of China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that the site preparation implantation methods of a planting fruit-trees more particularly to Southern Mountain Areas of China oil tea are planted.
Background technique
The preparations for afforestation stage will be undergone by establishing oil tea garden, just can enter the tending management stage.Mountain area on 15 degree of the gradient
Oil tea garden is built in forest land, and there are two types of previous method of soil preparation: economic condition almost or in order to save money, usually artificial big cave is whole
Ground, the density of plantation can guarantee, but cave is relatively small, and base manure sowing amount is few, while because of no band, fertilising difficulty is fostered after plant
Greatly, at high cost, management inconvenience；Economic condition is preferable, and generally with large and medium-sized digging machine site preparation, line-spacing is big, and density is low, not only unrestrained
Take soil, and original vegetation is destroyed greatly, and landslide and soil erosion are easily caused.Both method of soil preparation have larger defect.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves technical problems: digging cave by small digging machine site preparation, can overcome the big cave of above-mentioned excavated by manual work and large and medium-sized
The deficiency of digging machine site preparation, reaches that Growth of Camellia oleifera is fast, cost of forestation is low, the density of plantation is reasonable, few etc. excellent convenient for management, soil erosion
Point.
The small digging machine site preparation in mountain area of the present invention plants oil tea method, including forest land, site preparation is selected to dig cave, repair forest-road, fertilising, return
Soil selects seedling, kind tree, tending management, it is characterised in that comprises the steps of:
One, it selects forest land: for cost of forestation is operated and reduced convenient for excavator, the mountainous region gradient should be selected less than 25 degree, at most
No more than 30 degree, height above sea level is tailo or half tailo, soil not less than 70 centimetres, slope aspect no more than 450 meters, soil thickness
Earth is that oil tea is planted in the forest land of red soil or yellow earth, the sandy loam loose, deep, draining is good, fertile to the growth of oil tea most
It is good；And perfecting program designs；Oil tea is planted in forest land, and if the gradient is more than 30 degree, then height difference is big between band, and band across back degree is narrow, protects
Stay vegetation few, soil erosion is big, landslide is more；
Two, site preparation, digging cave:
1) the preceding forest land cleaning of site preparation, i.e., all surgery arbor, the shrub in forest land, cut down root and stem of certain plants height at 20 centimetres or less；
2) strip tillage is used, and mountain top must stay 30 meters or so wide forest lands to retain original vegetation not to be damaged；Cause
The forest land of mountain area gradient is relatively large, to conserve water and soil, preventing erosion, is not suitable for comprehensive site preparation, if original vegetation is few, must also
The tree of certain density must be planted；
3) 1.2 meters of wheelspan, caterpillar small digging machine strip tillage are specifically used, digs band down since the top of hillside,
3-3.5 meters of line-spacing, 2.2-2.5 meters of spacing in the rows, density between 100-76 plants, is carried out when digging band by horizontal line, band line by line per acre
Face width digs good kind of plant hole by spacing in the rows requirement when a line band returns after digging between 1.8-2 meters, and the specification in cave is long 60
Centimetre, it is 60 centimetres wide, 50 centimetres deep, the distance between band and band, i.e. line-spacing should be controlled when digging band, line-spacing is made to require model
Within enclosing；
Three, woods pavement is repaired: to repair one from top to bottom along ridge line every 50-80 meters convenient for tending management and picking fruit
Woods pavement, 80-100 centimetres of pavement width；
Four, it applies fertilizer, return soil: after band has dug 1-2 months, basal dressing can be started and go back to cave, soil block is smashed when going back to cave, stone
Block, tree root are picked up to the greatest extent；3 kilograms of organic fertilizer of application when going back to 1/2-the 2/3 of cave to cave depth, 1.5 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 1 kilogram of potash fertilizer, then
Soil and fertilizer stir evenly, and then return full soil, cave face should be higher by 10 centimetres of zone face or so, apply fertilizer go back to cave preferably before December
It completes, at the latest no more than January；
Five, select seedling: nursery stock should select biennial grafting plant, and kind should select long woods series, Jiangxi oil series, Jiangxi without being
The excellent variety such as column, while one, two class seedlings should be selected, prevent that outer seedling, inferior seedling, disease pest seedling is waited to go up a hill；
Six, kind tree:
1) root is stained with yellow mud in front of the mountains on nursery stock；
2) planting hole is held successfully, cave is 15-20 centimetres deep, and cave is put into nursery stock in planting hole after holding successfully, and nursery stock is put just,
Unfold seedling root, avoids nest root；It is when first in wet and fine crushing surface soil filling cave, filling out to 2/3rds or so, nursery stock is light
Light upward one mentions, and unfolds seedling root, then tracks tramping, then when Hui Tuzhi is higher by 10 centimetres or so of cave face tracks tramping again；It native face should be with oil
Tea Engraftment mouth is equal；Then in cave face upper cover one layer 2-3 centimetres loosen the soil；
3) same day plants endless nursery stock and to do well to be planted, and starts to patrol seedling after field planting is completed 15 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, to be short of seedling, it is weak
Seedling, sick seedling, inferior seedling should be filled in time；Patrolling seedling and filling the gaps with seedlings will generally arrange 2-3 times, to ensure that survival rate reaches 85% or more；
4) field planting is completed and patrols progress mulching straw shading, a cave after seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings to put 1 jin, straw uniform fold is in cave face
On, straw and nursery stock cannot be in close contact when covering, should be from 3-5 centimetres of trunk or so, burn seedlings when avoiding volt；
Seven, tending management: weeding with a hoe in time after plant, ditch cleaning draining, the rational application of fertilizer and trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(1) First Year is fostered
1), spring and summer fosters: plant should do the primary item shovel training root and stem of certain plants current year 4-5 month and foster, and every plant of treelet is centered on tree crown
The plants such as weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan, iron awn winnow basket within the scope of 1.2 meters of square are rooted out completely, exposed to root system should earth up
It is too deep to plant the soil around trunk to be pushed aside to the above 2-3cm of graft union to the above 2-3cm of graft union；
2), autumn and winter fosters: primary item shovel, trimming and fertilising are done in plant the current year 8-12 month；
(1) item shovels: fostering the time is the 8-9 month, is rooted out to plants such as weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattans in band dry
Only, and dig up weeds and the small miscellaneous filling root and stem of certain plants, 2-10 centimetres of weeding depth is shallow in tree crown, deep outside tree crown, and when weeding can not hurt root wound
Seedling；
(2) trim: wiping out foot branch (from the ground 15 centimetres or less), sick branch, it is followed by high to tree more than 40 centimetres without bright
Aobvious branch should extract bud in high 35-40 centimeters truncation of tree, trimming, and nutrient is promoted to concentrate for taking out hair vigorous branches, expansion
Tree crown, trimming the time be mid or late November to second year by the end of February；
(3) it applies fertilizer: respectively digging 30 centimetres one long, 20 centimetres wide, 25 lis of depth from tree 20-23 centimeters in the right and left of tree
The dressing furrow of rice, every bar ditch apply 1.5 jin of organic fertilizer, and fertilizer and soil return full soil after mixing uniformly again；3), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and blade face
Fertilising: the oil tea prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is based on promoting treelet robust growth, enhance resistivity, and supplemented by medical treatment, drug is anti-
It controls number generally twice, is carried out respectively at 5-June and 8-Septembers, if pest and disease damage is more serious, number should be increased, in order to promote
Growth into treelet should spray foliar fertilizer, while be save the cost, and foliage dressing can carry out simultaneously with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(2) second year is fostered
1), spring and summer fosters: fostering the time is the 3-5 month, and Tending: zone face is that item shovels top dressing, and band back is miscellaneous to cut；
(1) after-culture: must be carried out in 2 months nursery stock after-culture work, it is ensured that after plant second year oil tea storage rate reach 95% with
On；
(2) item shovel fertilising: rooting out completely the plants such as weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan in band, dig up weeds with
The small miscellaneous filling root and stem of certain plants, 2-10 centimetres of weeding depth is deep outside shallow, tree crown in tree crown, accomplishes not hurt root, does not hurt skin, do not hurt branch.In band
25 centimetres one long, 20 centimetres wide, deep 8-10 centimetres of the dressing furrow of the place digging of 20-25 centimetres from tree of side, every plant or every bar ditch
Urea 100g is applied, after fertilizer is applied uniformly, then returns full soil, the time is early March to early April, is preferably completed before by the end of March；
(3) it cuts miscellaneous: the plants such as weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan with back is all surgeried, the time is mid or late April to May；
2), autumn and winter fosters: second year autumn and winter fosters based on chemistry control grass, fertilising, trimming, and the time is the 7-12 month,
Fertilization type is 1 year organic fertilizer, and a Nian Shi compound fertilizer, rotation in 2 years is primary；
(1) chemistry control grass: second year starts to carry out primary chemistry control grass every year, i.e., in forest land weeds, miscellaneous filling, rattan,
The plants whole herbicide spraying such as iron awns beanstalk, and must spraying in place comprehensively does not drip and is preferred until blade face is covered with medical fluid, blade face rain
It is sprayed again after water or dew are dry, otherwise influences drug effect, while drug being avoided to spray application on tea oil tree, spraying the drug time is 7-
August；
(2) apply fertilizer: fertilization time was 11 the middle ten days to second year early Febuary, and fertilizer type is compound fertilizer, and dose is
200g, technical requirements are to dig the dressing furrow of a long 25cm, width 20cm, depth 15cm on the inside of band from tree 25cm or so, then again
It applies fertilizer, mixes fertilizer, returns soil；
(3) trimming and finishing: bud should be extractd while trimming and finishing, pruning is to trim 20-25cm or less from the ground
Based on foot branch and the branch of excessive growth, high control is set within 1.0m, the clip position of the branch of excessive growth is 30-40 centimeters of branch length,
Clip position is 2-3 centimetres with a distance from bud, and the direction of bud is branch developing direction, followed by trims parallel branch, overstocked
Branch, descending branch, sick branch, withered branch trim whole branch, and the part left is short as far as possible, best 3 millimeters it
It is interior, the pruning time be mid-November to second year by the end of February；
3), do the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing well: number is generally 3 times, respectively at the first tenday period of a month May mid or late April-, 6
The moon-July and 9-October carry out, other require same First Year；
(3) third year fosters
1), spring and summer fosters, and fostering the time is the 3-7 month, and predominantly item shovels fertilising, after-culture, cuts miscellaneous and chemical control grass；
(1) item shovel fertilising: every plant is applied urea 200g, and technical requirements foster essentially identical, the main distinction with the next spring:
Dressing furrow and tree distance are outside the neat edge drip of tree crown, and dressing furrow length is 30 centimetres；
(2) after-culture: third year is after-culture one's last year, and oil tea survival rate reaches 98% or more in forest land after after-culture；
(3) it cuts miscellaneous: the perennial broadleaf tree, shrub, bamboo class etc. of chemical Weed control effect difference being surgeried completely, it is same to cut miscellaneous time
Upper one year；
(4) chemistry control grass: the time was 6-July, and technical requirements are same as above 1 year；
2), autumn and winter fosters.It is November to second year 2 months that autumn and winter in third year, which fosters the time, based on applying fertilizer, trim；
(1) apply fertilizer: the dressing furrow of long 35cm, width 20cm, depth 30cm, every plant of application are dug in left and right both sides outside crown mapping
Organic fertilizer 2kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg；I.e. every bar ditch apply 1 kg of organic fertilizer, because calcium and magnesium p and s acid potassium cannot
It is mixed to apply, so a ditch spread calcium and magnesium phosphorus, another ditch spread potassium sulfate；Fertilizer is mixed well with soil, then returns full soil again, when fertilising
Flower bud should be smeared except flower, fertilization time is identical as second year；
(2) pruning: trimming comprehensively sets high control within 1.5 meters, first trims 35cm from the ground and branch and is removed with getting a foothold
It sprouts, then wipes out parallel branch, sick branch, withered branch, crossing branch, overlapping branch, descending branch and emphasis branch, avoid influencing interior thorax ventilation thoroughly
Light and yield positive results, then the branch of excessive growth excessively prosperous to growing way carries out cutting back, and horizontal branch is weaker, for make its turn it is weak be it is strong, it is short
Bud is stayed when cutting, young sprout is made to come back, pruning time same second year should smear flower bud except flower when trimming；
3), do the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing, the same second year of technical requirements well；
It fosters within (four) the 4th years
1), spring and summer fosters: fostering the time is the 3-7 month, and main Tending is fertilising, manually cuts miscellaneous and chemical control grass；
(1) apply fertilizer: time same second year, fertilizing method are that the neat edge drip outer rim digging of tree crown is one long on the inside of band
The dressing furrow of 25cm, width 20cm, depth 10cm, every bar ditch apply 250 grams of urea, after fertilizer and soil are mixed uniformly, then return full soil；
(2) cut miscellaneous: the time is the 4-5 month, and on chemistry control upper one year grass, dead miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, fragrant plant thatch etc. do not influence oil tea
Growing plants, which is done, once cuts miscellaneous foster；
(3) chemistry control grass: time and technical requirements are same as above 1 year；
2), autumn and winter fosters, and based on applying fertilizer and trim, up to reaches 80 to 160 centimetres, hat width diameter to the 4th year tree
Centimetre oil tea can arrange fruiting；
(1) apply fertilizer: time and technical requirements are applied fertilizer with second year autumn and winter, the difference is that dose is every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer
300g；
(2) pruning: should trim comprehensively, set high control within 1.8-2.0 meters, first trim 45cm or less from the ground
Foot branch and except sprouting, then empty internal branch is dredged, sick branch, withered branch, the branch that fractures, descending branch, crossing branch and parallel branch are then wiped out, so
The branch of excessive growth excessively prosperous to growing way carries out cutting back afterwards, and horizontal branch is weaker, for make its turn it is weak be it is strong, when cutting back, will stay bud, make
Young sprout comes back, and is trimmed to whole branch, the part left is short as far as possible, and within best 3 millimeters, the pruning time is same
Second year；
3), do the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing, the same second year of technical requirements well.The method of the present invention beneficial effect is energy
Promote Growth of Camellia oleifera, reduces cost of forestation, ensures the obvious effects such as the density of plantation is reasonable, is convenient for tending management and reduces soil erosion
Fruit.Our companies are in the essentially identical Rayleigh town member Tian Cunyi block forest land of forest land condition and forest growing way, to artificial big cave, small
Digging machine and large and medium-sized digging machine preparations for afforestation do comparative test under respectively selecting 100 plants of oil teas the same tending management the case where.Examination
Test result: the tea oil tree height of small digging machine site preparation, ground diameter, hat width are 1.21 times, 1.25 times, 1.23 of artificial big cave site preparation respectively
Times.The tea oil tree height of large and medium-sized digging machine site preparation, ground diameter, hat width difference compared with small digging machine site preparation are very small, but large and medium-sized digging
Machine site preparation soil erosion is big, the density of plantation is low, and per mu yield is naturally just low.The method of the present invention is applied suitable for Southern Mountain Areas of China.
Subordinate list explanation.
Small digging machine preparations for afforestation and other modes preparations for afforestation density, growing state, the investment table of comparisons
Unit: rice, mu, strain
Specific embodiment
The small digging machine site preparation in mountain area of the invention plants oil tea method, and green field pavilion forestry Co., Ltd in Ruijin City is in 2010
The village Nian Yuan Tian Cun and Ding Po orchard establishment, forest growing way are excellent.
The first field orchard establishment of embodiment 1: 2010 year, is planted, 1300 mu of area, seeding row spacing 2.2*3.5M for 2011, and per acre 87
Strain.Present 160 centimetres of mean stand height of oil tea, average 3.5 centimetres of ground diameter 88 centimetres of average canopy, can be in 2015 comprehensively
Fruiting.
2: 2010 years fourth pond orchard establishments of embodiment are planted, 750 mu of area, seeding row spacing 2.2*3.5M, per acre 87 plants for 2011.
Present 153 centimetres of mean stand height of oil tea, average 3.2 centimetres of ground diameter, can be hung comprehensively in 2015 by 82 centimetres of average canopy
Fruit.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of small digging machine site preparation in mountain area plants oil tea method, including forest land, site preparation is selected to dig cave, repair forest-road, fertilising, return soil, choosing
Seedling, kind tree, tending management, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
One, select forest land: for convenient for excavator operate and reduce cost of forestation, select the mountainous region gradient no more than 30 degree, height above sea level
Degree is no more than 450 meters, soil thickness is not less than 70 centimetres, slope aspect is tailo or half tailo, soil are the forest land of red soil or yellow earth
Plant oil tea；And perfecting program designs；
Two, site preparation, digging cave:
1) the preceding forest land cleaning of site preparation, i.e., all surgery arbor, the shrub in forest land, cut down root and stem of certain plants height at 20 centimetres or less；
2) strip tillage is used, and mountain top stays 30 meters or so wide forest lands to retain original vegetation not to be damaged；
3) 1.2 meters of wheelspan, caterpillar small digging machine strip tillage are specifically used, digs band, line-spacing down since the top of hillside
3-3.5 meters, 2.2-2.5 meters of spacing in the rows, density between 100-76 plants, is carried out when digging band by horizontal line, zone face is wide line by line per acre
Degree digs good kind of plant hole by spacing in the rows requirements when a line band returns after digging between 1.8-2 meters, the specification in cave be 60 centimetres of length,
Wide 60 centimetres, deeply 50 centimetres, the distance between band and band, i.e. line-spacing are controlled when digging band, makes line-spacing within claimed range；
Three, it repairs woods pavement: repairing a woods pavement, 80-100 centimetres of pavement width from top to bottom along ridge line every 50-80 meters；
Four, it applies fertilizer, return soil: after band has dug 1-2 months, basal dressing can be started and go back to cave, soil block is smashed when going back to cave, stone,
Tree root is picked up to the greatest extent；Return cave to cave it is deep 1/2-2/3 when apply 3 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 1.5 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 1 kilogram of potash fertilizer, then soil and
Fertilizer stirs evenly, and then returns full soil, and cave face is higher by 10 centimetres of zone face or so, and cave of applying fertilizer back is completed before December, at the latest
No more than January；
Five, select seedling: the biennial grafting plant of selection of seedling selects one, two class seedlings, prevents equal outer seedling, inferior seedling, on disease pest seedling
Mountain；
Six, kind tree:
1) root is stained with yellow mud in front of the mountains on nursery stock；
2) planting hole is opened, cave is 15-20 centimetres deep, and nursery stock is put into planting hole, is put just, seedling root is unfolded, avoids nest root；First
When in wet and fine crushing surface soil filling cave, filling out to 2/3rds or so, nursery stock gently upward one being mentioned, seedling root is unfolded,
Then it tracks tramping, then when Hui Tuzhi is higher by 10 centimetres or so of cave face tracks tramping again；Native face is equal with oil tea graft union；Then on the face of cave
One layer 2-3 centimetres of lid are loosened the soil；
3) same day plants endless nursery stock and carries out temporary planting, starts to patrol seedling after field planting completion 15 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, to be short of seedling, weak seedling, disease
Seedling, inferior seedling are filled in time；It patrols seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings 2-3 times to be arranged, to ensure that survival rate reaches 85% or more；
4) complete field planting and patrol after seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings progress rice straw mulching shading, a cave putting 1 jin, straw uniform fold on the face of cave,
Straw and nursery stock cannot be in close contact when covering, from 3-5 centimetres of trunk, burn seedlings when avoiding volt；
Seven, tending management: weeding with a hoe in time after plant, ditch cleaning draining, the rational application of fertilizer and trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(1) First Year is fostered
1), spring and summer fosters: plant is done the primary item shovel training root and stem of certain plants current year 4-5 month and is fostered, and every plant of treelet is centered on tree crown by 1.2 meters
Weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan, iron awn winnow basket plant within the scope of square are rooted out completely, it is exposed to root system should earth up to graft union with
Upper 2-3cm, it is too deep to plant the soil around trunk to be pushed aside to the above 2-3cm of graft union；
2), autumn and winter fosters: primary item shovel, trimming and fertilising are done in plant the current year 8-12 month；
(1) item shovels: fostering the time is the 8-9 month, and weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, the rattan plant in band are rooted out completely, and dug
Fall weeds and the small miscellaneous filling root and stem of certain plants, 2-10 centimetres of weeding depth is shallow in tree crown, deep outside tree crown, and when weeding can not hurt root injury seedling；
(2) trim: wipe out from the ground 15 centimetres with leftover bits and pieces branch, sick branch, followed by tree height more than 40 centimetres without obvious branch
Setting high 35-40 centimeters truncation, when trimming, extracts bud, promotes nutrient to concentrate for taking out hair vigorous branches, expands tree crown, repair
Cutting the time is mid or late November to by the end of December；
(3) it applies fertilizer: respectively digging 30 centimetres one long, 20 centimetres wide, deep 25 centimetres from tree 20-23 centimeters in the right and left of tree
Dressing furrow, every bar ditch apply 1.5 jin of organic fertilizer, and fertilizer and soil return full soil after mixing uniformly again；
3), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing: the oil tea prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control with promote treelet robust growth, enhancing resistivity be
Main, supplemented by medical treatment, medical treatment number is twice, to carry out respectively at 5-June and 8-Septembers, if pest and disease damage is tighter
Weight, should increase number, in order to promote the growth of treelet to spray foliar fertilizer, while be save the cost, foliage dressing and pest and disease damage are anti-
It controls while carrying out；
(2) second year is fostered
1), spring and summer fosters: fostering the time is the 3-5 month, and Tending: zone face is that item shovels top dressing, and band back is miscellaneous to cut；
(1) after-culture: nursery stock after-culture work must be carried out in 2 months, it is ensured that second year oil tea storage rate reaches 95% or more after plant；
(2) item shovel fertilising: weeds, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, the rattan plant in band are rooted out completely, weeds and small miscellaneous filling are dug up
The root and stem of certain plants, 2-10 centimetres of weeding depth is deep outside shallow, tree crown in tree crown, accomplishes not hurt root, does not hurt skin, do not hurt branch, from tree on the inside of band
25 centimetres one long, 20 centimetres wide, deep 8-10 centimetres of the dressing furrow of 20-25 centimetres of place digging, every plant or every ditch spread urea
100g after fertilizer is applied uniformly, then returns full soil, and the time is that early March is completed to preceding by the end of March；
(3) it cuts miscellaneous: the weeds with back, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan plant is all surgeried, the time is mid or late April to May；
2), autumn and winter fosters: second year autumn and winter fosters based on chemistry control grass, fertilising, trimming, and the time is the 7-12 month, fertilising
Type is 1 year organic fertilizer, and a Nian Shi compound fertilizer, rotation in 2 years is primary；
(1) chemistry control grass: second year starts to carry out primary chemistry control grass every year, i.e., to weeds, miscellaneous filling, rattan, the iron awns in forest land
Beanstalk plant whole herbicide spraying, and must spraying in place comprehensively does not drip and is preferred until blade face is covered with medical fluid, blade face rainwater or dew
It is sprayed again after water is dry, otherwise influences drug effect, while drug being avoided to spray application on tea oil tree, spraying the drug time is the 7-8 month；
(2) apply fertilizer: fertilization time was 11 the middle ten days to second year early Febuary, and fertilizer type is compound fertilizer, dose 200g, skill
Art requires to be the dressing furrow for digging a long 25cm, width 20cm, depth 15cm on the inside of band from tree 25cm or so, then refertilizes, mixes
Fertilizer returns soil；
(3) trimming and finishing: bud is extractd while trimming and finishing, pruning is to trim 20-25cm foot branches and excessive growth from the ground
Based on branch, set high control within 1.0m, the clip position of the branch of excessive growth is 30-40 centimeters of branch length, clip position from
The distance of bud is 2-3 centimetres, and the direction of bud is branch developing direction, followed by trims parallel branch, overstocked branch, descending branch, disease
Worm branch, withered branch trim whole branch, and the part left is short as far as possible, within 3 millimeters, the pruning time
By the end of February for mid-November to second year；
3), do the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing well: number be 3 times, respectively at the first tenday period of a month May mid or late April-, July in June-and
9-October carried out, other require same First Year；
(3) third year fosters
1), spring and summer fosters, and fostering the time is the 3-7 month, and predominantly item shovels fertilising, after-culture, cuts miscellaneous and chemical control grass；
(1) item shovel fertilising: every plant is applied urea 200g, and technical requirements foster essentially identical, the main distinction with the next spring: fertilising
Ditch and tree distance are outside the neat edge drip of tree crown, and dressing furrow length is 30 centimetres；
(2) after-culture: third year is after-culture one's last year, and oil tea survival rate reaches 98% or more in forest land after after-culture；
(3) it cuts miscellaneous: the perennial broadleaf tree, shrub, bamboo class of chemical Weed control effect difference being surgeried completely, cuts miscellaneous time and is same as above one
Year；
(4) chemistry control grass: the time was 6-July, and technical requirements are same as above 1 year；
2), autumn and winter fosters: it is November to second year 2 months that autumn and winter in third year, which fosters the time, based on applying fertilizer, trim；
(1) apply fertilizer: the dressing furrow of long 35cm, width 20cm, depth 30cm are dug in left and right both sides outside crown mapping, and every plant of application is organic
Fertile 2kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg；I.e. every bar ditch apply 1 kg of organic fertilizer, because calcium and magnesium p and s acid potassium cannot mix
It applies, so a ditch spread calcium and magnesium phosphorus, another ditch spread potassium sulfate；Fertilizer is mixed well with soil, then returns full soil again, and when fertilising removes
Flower smears flower bud, and fertilization time is identical as second year；
(2) pruning: trimming comprehensively sets high control within 1.5 meters, first trim from the ground 35cm with the branch and except sprouting of getting a foothold,
Parallel branch, sick branch, withered branch, crossing branch, overlapping branch, descending branch and emphasis branch are wiped out again, avoid influencing interior thorax ventilation and penetrating light
And yield positive results, then the branch of excessive growth excessively prosperous to growing way carries out cutting back, and horizontal branch is weaker, for make its turn it is weak be strong, cutting back
When to stay bud, so that young sprout is come back, pruning time same second year, except flower smears flower bud when trimming；
3), do the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing, the same second year of technical requirements well；
It fosters within (four) the 4th years
1), spring and summer fosters: fostering the time is the 3-7 month, and main Tending is fertilising, manually cuts miscellaneous and chemical control grass；
(1) apply fertilizer: time same second year, fertilizing method be on the inside of band the neat edge drip outer rim of tree crown dig a long 25cm,
The dressing furrow of wide 20cm, depth 10cm, every bar ditch apply 250 grams of urea, after fertilizer and soil are mixed uniformly, then return full soil；
(2) cut miscellaneous: the time is the 4-5 month, and on chemistry control upper one year grass, dead miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, fragrant plant thatch do not influence Growth of Camellia oleifera
Plant, which is done, once cuts miscellaneous foster；
(3) chemistry control grass: time and technical requirements are same as above 1 year；
2), autumn and winter fosters, and based on applying fertilizer and trim, up to reaches 80 centimetres to 160 centimetres, hat width diameter to the 4th year tree
Oil tea can arrange fruiting；
(1) apply fertilizer: time and technical requirements are applied fertilizer with second year autumn and winter, the difference is that dose is every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer
300g；
(2) pruning: trimming comprehensively sets high control within 1.8-2.0 meters, first trim from the ground 45cm with get a foothold branch and
Except sprouting, then empty internal branch is dredged, sick branch, withered branch, the branch that fractures, descending branch, crossing branch and parallel branch is then wiped out, then to length
The excessively prosperous branch of excessive growth of gesture carries out cutting back, and horizontal branch is weaker, for make its turn it is weak be it is strong, when cutting back, will stay bud, lift young sprout
Head trims whole branch, and the part left is short as far as possible, within 3 millimeters；Pruning time same second year；
3), do the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing, the same second year of technical requirements well.
2. the small digging machine site preparation in mountain area plants oil tea method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: stay 30 meters or so width in mountain top
Forest land original vegetation it is few, it is necessary to plant the tree of certain density.
3. the small digging machine site preparation in mountain area plants oil tea method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the long woods of sapling variety selection
Series or Jiangxi oil series or Jiangxi are without serial excellent variety.
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| CN108283097A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-07-17 | 陶爱群 | A kind of cultural method of high yield oil tea |
| CN107182679A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-22 | 玉屏侗族自治县油茶产业发展领导小组办公室 | A kind of oil tea is rich in the implantation methods of selenium |
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