CN107805095A - It is a kind of using jujube leaf as mushroom culture medium of raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of using jujube leaf as mushroom culture medium of raw material and preparation method thereof, belong to edible mushroom technical field.Culture medium of the present invention is included by mass percentage：Zao leaves 10 30%, Zao twig powders 15 45%, wheat bran 7 20%, bagasse 5 15%, gypsum 1 2%, corn flour 5 20%, zinc chloride 0.008 0.012%, surplus is water.The present invention with the addition of Zao leaves and Zao branches in mushroom culture medium can effectively improve the nutrition of cultivation matrix, promote the conversion of lentinan, improve mushroom quality and medical value.The mushroom lentinan content that the present invention cultivates is high, enhances antifatigue effect, effectively increases economic benefit；Operation is simple by the present invention, and generalization is strong, is the feasible road of modern agriculture with high efficiency development.

Description

It is a kind of using jujube leaf as mushroom culture medium of raw material and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom, more particularly to a kind of mushroom culture medium and its system using jujube leaf as raw material Preparation Method.

Background technology

Mushroom, also known as mushroom, dried mushroom, it is a kind of Mycophyta being grown on timber.Because its taste is more fragrant, fragrance is suitable People, it is nutritious, not only rank straw mushroom, flat mushroom, on white mushroom, and be known as the reputation of " fungi queen ".Mushroom is the world Two big edible mushrooms, mushroom delicious flavour, fragrance make people mentally refreshing is nutritious, rich in vitamin B, iron, potassium and vitamin D etc..

The macromolecule polymer that polysaccharide is typically formed by connecting by monose more than ten molecules by glycosidic bond.Polysaccharide is by next Source is broadly divided into plant polyose, animal polysaccharide, algal polysaccharides, microbial polysaccharide i.e. bacterial polysaccharides and fungi polysaccharide etc..Wherein, With very strong biological activity, fungi polysaccharide separates fungi polysaccharide from fungus sporophore, mycelium, zymotic fluid, is that one kind can To control cell division differentiation, regulation cell growth and the active polysaccharide of aging.Mushroom is Basidiomycetes Umbelliferae fungi, is generation One of the rare edible mushroom in boundary and medicinal fungus, lentinan are one of principle active components of mushroom, lentinan have it is antitumor, Anti-oxidant, antifatigue effect.

The recovery rate of polysaccharide is not universal high at present, improves the recovery rate of lentinan and needs to solve as polyose exploitation A key issue certainly.Not only it is contemplated that a variety of extraction means are combined into Optimized Extraction Process, cultivation can also be passed through The Xianggu mushroom strain that the means such as kind, genetic recombination select high polysaccharide is cultivated, the polyoses content of mushroom is improved, to increase polysaccharide Recovery rate, reduce production cost.

The cultivation matrix of traditional cultivation mushroom is all with agricultural crop straws such as straw, cornstalk, cotton seed hulls, corncobs and moved Thing excrement is formed, as the A of Chinese patent CN 105884441 disclose a kind of culture matrix of mushroom, by following raw material It is made：Cotton seed hulls 55-61 parts, wood chip 35-41 parts, wheat skin 21-27 parts, calcium carbonate 7-13 parts, calcium superphosphate 8-14 parts, urea 7- 13 parts, cow dung 20-26 parts, basal culture medium matter mushroom culture can improve the yield and quality of mushroom, and cost is relatively low, operation Simplicity, it is easy to spread.And for example Chinese patent CN101627697A discloses one kind using mulberry branch wood chips as planting material mushroom culture Method, the mushroom growth cycle cultivated is short, and biological transformation ratio is high, and yield is high, and individual is uniformly, nutritious.

Jujube is defoliation small arbor or the shrub of Rhamnaceae jujube, Zao leaves and repaiies the dry branch after subtracting and is often dropped, jujube Contain various nutritional ingredients in leaf, there is higher economic value.According to surveying and determination, blade is containing protein 4.0%, fat 2.4%, sugar 15.7%, the content of fat and sugar is higher than clover.And containing protein 15.7% in its cured leaf, crude fat 6.5%, nitrogen-free leaches Thing 17.4%, also contains flavone component in addition.Therefore, jujube leaf shine dry grinding after frequently as roughage feed pigs, also can rearing sheep in pens, Camel, rabbit etc..Because livestock can not search for food.Chinese date leaf is withered and yellow to come off in ground, and because the fallen leaves time excessively concentrates, livestock is sharp for the moment Cannot be used up and cause to waste.

The present inventor attempts to add the cultivation that jujube leaf carries out mushroom in mushroom culture medium matter when studying cultivating champignon Training, is surprised to find this new culture medium, can promote the conversion of lentinan in mushroom, improve the antifatigue energy of mushroom Power.

The content of the invention

The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mushroom culture medium using jujube leaf as raw material, cultivates in the mushroom obtained Lentinan content is high, has synergistic effect to the antifatigue power of mushroom.

The second object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the mushroom culture medium.

Specifically, the invention provides following technical scheme：

Mushroom culture medium of the present invention, by mass percentage including the following raw material：Zao leaf 10-30%, Zao twig powders 15- 45%th, wheat bran 7-20%, bagasse 5-15%, gypsum 1-2%, corn flour 5-20%, zinc chloride 0.008-0.012%, surplus For water.

The Zao twig powders are that jujube tree repaiies the branch for subtracting, and are ground into 3-8mm particle；

The Zao twig powders and the ratio of Zao leaves are 1.3-1.5：1.

Preferably, the ratio of the Zao twig powders and Zao leaves is 1.4：1.

The bagasse is the dry slag that will be left after sugar cane crushing, is ground into the powder that particle diameter is 0.1-0.8mm；

Further, the mushroom culture medium, by mass percentage including the following raw material：Zao leaves 15-25%, 25- 35% Zao twig powders, wheat bran 12-15%, bagasse 8-12%, gypsum 1.2-1.8%, corn flour 10-15%, zinc chloride 0.01- 0.011%, surplus is water.

Preferably, the mushroom culture medium, by mass percentage including the following raw material：Zao leaves 20%, Zao twig powders 30%, Wheat bran 14%, bagasse 10%, gypsum 1.5%, corn flour 13%, zinc chloride 0.01%, surplus are water.

Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned mushroom culture medium, comprise the following steps：

(1) stock up：Jujube branch, Zao leaves are collected, is pulverized；Bagasse crushes and wheat bran, Zao leaves end are well mixed to obtain powder；By water Dilution is well mixed to obtain with leavening, dilution is uniformly sprayed on powder and stirred, 55-65 DEG C is put 3-5 days Produce mixture；

(2) mixture, corn flour and zinc chloride in land plaster, step 1 are uniformly sprinkling upon in Zao twig powders, dry mixing is several respectively After, spice is turned to obtain in water spray；

(3) spice is packed；

(4) sterilize；100 DEG C are warming up within 5h；After reaching 100 DEG C, keeping temperature 14h~16h.

The leavening is straw feed leavening.

The fermentation agent concentration is 0.01%-0.02%.

Compared with prior art, remarkable advantage of the invention is：

(1) various nutritional ingredients are contained in jujube leaf, blade is containing protein 4.0%, fat 2.4%, sugar 15.7% and flavones Composition, wherein protein and lipoid material can provide nutriment for the cultivation of mushroom, and date polysaccharide has to lentinan Anti-oxidant and antifatigue synergistic effect, flavonoids can improve that mushroom is anti-oxidant and antifatigue effect.The present invention is in mushroom culture Zao leaves and Zao branches are with the addition of in base can effectively improve the nutrition of cultivation matrix, promote the conversion of lentinan, improve mushroom quality And medical value.

(2) the cultivation matrix raw material sources that utilize of the present invention in jujube tree fallen leaves and repair the dry branch after subtracting, discarded object is made Recycling, solve the problems such as directly burning or fill in leaf, the processing of deadwood the like waste, reduce the dirt to environment Dye, has reached and has made the best use of everything, the purpose to turn waste into wealth, be advantageous to preserve the ecological environment, and reduces production cost, improves economic effect Benefit.

Embodiment

In order that those of ordinary skill in the art are better understood from the present invention, the technology with reference to embodiment to the present invention Scheme is described further, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.

Embodiment 1：

Culture medium raw material component：Zao leaves 21.4%, Zao twig powders 30%, wheat bran 14%, bagasse 10%, gypsum 1.5%, jade Ground rice 13%, zinc chloride 0.01%, surplus are water.

Preparation method：

(1) stock up：Collect jujube tree and repair the branch for subtracting, Zao twig powders are made in the particle for being ground into 3-8mm；Zao leaves are collected to grind 0.5mm powder is broken into, the ratio of wherein Zao twig powders and Zao leaves is 1.4：1.

Bagasse powder is broken to particle diameter 0.6mm；Zao leaves powder, bagasse powder and wheat bran are well mixed；It is diluted with water Straw feed leavening, the dilution that concentration is 0.015% is allowed to, dilution is uniformly sprayed on above-mentioned powder and stirred It is even, put 4 days for 60 DEG C and produce mixture；

(2) mixture, corn flour and zinc chloride in land plaster, step 1 are uniformly sprinkling upon in Zao twig powders, dry mixing is several respectively After, spice is turned to obtain in water spray；

(3) spice is packed；

(4) sterilize；100 DEG C are warming up within 5h；After reaching 100 DEG C, keeping temperature 15h.

Embodiment 2：

Culture medium raw material component：Zao leaves 30%, Zao twig powders 45%, wheat bran 7%, bagasse 5%, gypsum 1%, corn flour 5%th, zinc chloride 0.008%, surplus are water.

Preparation method：

(1) stock up：Collect jujube tree and repair the branch for subtracting, Zao twig powders are made in the particle for being ground into 8mm；Zao leaves are collected to pulverize Into 0.8mm powder, the ratio of wherein Zao twig powders and Zao leaves is 1.5：1.

Bagasse powder is broken to particle diameter 0.8mm；Zao leaves powder, bagasse powder and wheat bran are well mixed；It is diluted with water Straw feed leavening, the dilution that concentration is 0.02% is allowed to, dilution is uniformly sprayed on above-mentioned powder and stirred It is even, put 5 days for 65 DEG C and produce mixture；

(2) mixture, corn flour and zinc chloride in land plaster, step 1 are uniformly sprinkling upon in Zao twig powders, dry mixing is several respectively After, spice is turned to obtain in water spray；

(3) spice is packed；

(4) sterilize；100 DEG C are warming up within 5h；After reaching 100 DEG C, keeping temperature 16h.

Embodiment 3：

Culture medium raw material component：Zao leaves 11.5%, Zao twig powders 15%, wheat bran 20%, bagasse 15%, gypsum 2%, corn Powder 20%, zinc chloride 0.012%, surplus are water.

Preparation method：

(1) stock up：Collect jujube tree and repair the branch for subtracting, Zao twig powders are made in the particle for being ground into 3-8mm；Zao leaves are collected to grind 0.1mm powder is broken into, the ratio of wherein Zao twig powders and Zao leaves is 1.3：1.

Bagasse powder is broken to particle diameter 0.1mm；Zao leaves powder, bagasse powder and wheat bran are well mixed；It is diluted with water Straw feed leavening, the dilution that concentration is 0.01% is allowed to, dilution is uniformly sprayed on above-mentioned powder and stirred It is even, put 3 days for 55 DEG C and produce mixture；

(2) mixture, corn flour and zinc chloride in land plaster, step 1 are uniformly sprinkling upon in Zao twig powders, dry mixing is several respectively After, spice is turned to obtain in water spray；

(3) spice is packed；

(4) sterilize；100 DEG C are warming up within 5h；After reaching 100 DEG C, keeping temperature 14h.

Embodiment 4：

Culture medium raw material component：Zao leaves 30%, Zao twig powders 42%, wheat bran 7%, bagasse 10%, gypsum 1%, corn flour 5%th, zinc chloride 0.008%, surplus are water.

Preparation method：With embodiment 1.

Embodiment 5：

Culture medium raw material component：Zao leaves 10%, Zao twig powders 15%, wheat bran 20%, bagasse 15%, gypsum 1%, corn flour 20%th, zinc chloride 0.008%, surplus are water.

Preparation method：With embodiment 2.

Henchnmrk test

1st, material and instrument

1.1 experiment material

Test group：The mushroom cultivated by 1-5 of the embodiment of the present invention；

Reference examples 1：The mushroom cultivated by the A of Chinese patent CN 105884441；

Control group 2：The mushroom cultivated by the A of Chinese patent CN 101627697；

SPF level Kun Ming mices：Male, mouse age 50-60d, body weight 18-22g, Guizhou medical university provide.

1.2 instrument

AR1140 electronic analytical balances：Ao Haosi electronic balances company of the U.S.；

Electric-heated thermostatic water bath：Instrument company of SAST of Longkou City；

FD-ID-80 freeze driers：Beijing Bo Yikang laboratory apparatus Co., Ltd；

868 type pH meters：Shanghai Ao Lilong Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd；

TGL-16M high speed desktop refrigerated centrifuges：Changsha Xiang Yi centrifuges Instrument Ltd.；

Small mouse cage, water fountain, crib, irrigation stomach device, swimming groove, Water Tank with Temp.-controlled etc..

2nd, test method

The new fresh mushroom chopping of extraction of 2.1 mushroom Thick many candies, dries to constant weight at 60 DEG C, 60 mesh sieves is crossed after crushing.Take Mushroom powder 2.0g, by solid-liquid ratio 1:20 add distilled water, adjust pH to 6.5, weigh 0.03g complex enzyme (papains:Cellulose Enzyme=2:1) dissolving of 5mL distilled water, is added.Mushroom extract is preheated to 55 DEG C, adds enzyme liquid, vibrating at constant temperature for enzymolysis 3h, rear mistake Filter, enzyme deactivation 10min.It is cooled to 4000r/min after room temperature to centrifuge, takes supernatant, adds ethanol precipitation, taking precipitate after centrifugation, It is freeze-dried to obtain lentinan powder, low-temperature preservation.

2.2 experiment packets：18-22g Kunming kind male white mouse 64 is taken, is randomly divided into 8 groups, every group 8.It is real respectively Apply a 1-5 group, control group 1-2 and blank group；Experiment mice is raised at a temperature of (22 ± 1) DEG C, free choice feeding drinking-water, feeding period Between divulge information daily；3-4d changes a bedding and padding；18-25 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity 60%.Mouse test group and control group gavage 30mg/kg, blank group 0.1mL/10gd physiological saline gavages.

Every morning according to dosage carries out gavage during 2.3 mouse anti-reflecting fatigue models prepare Mouse feeder, afternoon feeding mouse Normal diet.After 30d, fasting 12h after 64 mouse last gavages of feeding, swimming endurance experiment is then carried out, i.e., in afterbody The sheet lead of the body weight of bondage 5%, in the depth of water (30 ± 1) cm, the water went swimming of water temperature (25 ± 1) DEG C.Record mouse is from starting to swim To the time of death.

The antifatigue index of 3 result of the tests was weighed by mice burden swimming duration, and experimental result is shown in Table 1.

Influence of the mushroom of table 1 to the mice burden swimming time

Note：Significant difference (P<0.05, n=5)；Highly significant difference (P<0.01, n=5)；

Data are learnt from table 1, embodiment 1-5 group mice burden swimming times and (the Chinese patent CN of control group 1 105884441 A) compared with control group 2 (Chinese patent CN101627697A) with significant difference (P<0.05)；With blank group Compared to also having significant difference (P<0.05)；Though control group 1-2, without significant difference, also extends the swimming of mouse with blank group Time, illustrate that lentinan can extend mouse and bear a heavy burden the useful time, improve mouse anti-reflecting fatigue ability；Add in mushroom cultivation substrate Add jujube leaf, polysaccharide can effectively facilitate the conversion of lentinan, antifatigue effect of the enhancing lentinan to mouse in Zao leaves.

Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and the general knowledge such as known concrete scheme and characteristic is not made herein in scheme Excessive description., without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art Several modifications and improvements are made, these should also be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these are implemented all without the influence present invention Effect and practical applicability.The scope of protection required by this application should be based on the content of the claims, in specification The records such as embodiment can be used for the content for explaining claim.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of mushroom culture medium using jujube leaf as raw material, it is characterised in that by mass percentage including following components：Zao leaves 10-30%, Zao twig powder 15-45%, wheat bran 7-20%, bagasse 5-15%, gypsum 1-2%, corn flour 5-20%, zinc chloride 0.008-0.012%, surplus are water.

2. mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by mass percentage including following components：Zao Leaf 15-25%, 25-35% Zao twig powders, wheat bran 12-15%, bagasse 8-12%, gypsum 1.2-1.8%, corn flour 10-15%, Zinc chloride 0.01-0.011%, surplus are water.

3. mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by mass percentage including following components：Zao Leaf 20%, Zao twig powders 30%, wheat bran 14%, bagasse 10%, gypsum 1.5%, corn flour 13%, zinc chloride 0.01%, surplus For water.

4. according to the mushroom culture medium described in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the bagasse is will to be left after sugar cane crushing Dry slag, be ground into particle diameter be 0.1-0.8mm powder.

5. according to the mushroom culture medium described in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the Zao twig powders are that jujube tree repaiies the tree for subtracting Branch, it is ground into 3-8mm particle.

6. according to the mushroom culture medium described in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the ratio of the Zao twig powders and Zao leaves is 1.3- 1.5：1.

7. mushroom culture medium according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the ratio of the Zao twig powders and Zao leaves is 1.4：1.

8. prepare the method for the mushroom culture medium described in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) stock up：Jujube branch, Zao leaves are collected, is pulverized；Bagasse crushes and wheat bran, Zao leaves powder are well mixed to obtain powder；By water and hair Ferment agent is well mixed to obtain dilution, and dilution is uniformly sprayed on powder and stirred, and puts 3-5 days for 55-65 DEG C and produces Mixture；

(2) mixture, corn flour and zinc chloride in land plaster, step 1 being uniformly sprinkling upon in Zao twig powders respectively, dry mixing is several after, Spice is turned to obtain in water spray；

(3) spice is packed；

(4) sterilize；100 DEG C are warming up within 5h；After reaching 100 DEG C, keeping temperature 14h~16h.

9. preparation method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the leavening is straw feed leavening.

10. preparation method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the fermentation agent concentration is 0.01%-0.02%.