CN103641615A - Method for manufacturing ganoderma lucidum culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing ganoderma lucidum culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641615A CN103641615A CN201310657861.2A CN201310657861A CN103641615A CN 103641615 A CN103641615 A CN 103641615A CN 201310657861 A CN201310657861 A CN 201310657861A CN 103641615 A CN103641615 A CN 103641615A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ganoderma lucidum culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; broadleaf miscellaneous tree cuttings, rice bran, sunflower seed cakes, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the ganoderma lucidum hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of ganoderma lucidum and high yield, and the biological efficiency (on dry basis) is up to 13.6-14.2%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing ganoderma lucidum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make cultivation of glossy ganoderma material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Glossy ganoderma, claims again Ganoderma Lucidum, Ganoderma, Ganoderma lucidum seu Japonicum, is a kind of rare Chinese medicine in China's medical treasure-house, is collection health care and the medicinal edible mushrooms for the whole body.
The middle and high warm type wood-decay fungi of Ganoderma, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns a day lotus, originates in the west and south of North America, imports China's history of existing more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.In China, Sunflower Receptacle cultivation is also more extensive, is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, at present cultivated area approximately 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production approaches 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has realized to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle the suitability for industrialized production that sunflower seed oil extracts.Sunflower Receptacle except sunflower seeds is edible and oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has a large amount of research, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China approximately produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi every year, utilizes at present that method has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder are processed three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, approximately has every year 700000 t, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, sturdy, and biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is all burned in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also contain calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also contains the trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefaction, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, carbon source, the nitrogenous source that can grow and provide essential for glossy ganoderma.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating ganodermas of sunflower seed shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the cultivation of glossy ganoderma material compatibility that Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts are main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%-18%, Sunflower Stalk bits 17%-23%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 18%-28%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 18%, rice bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet: the fine platy particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Rice bran: by product when essence is ground rice after rice hulling, in rice bran, contain protein 12%-18%, nitrogen-free extract is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8%, in addition, also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtaining during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize the potential of hydrogen of planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole deciduous tree weed tree sawdusts, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 28d-30d, mycelia is covered with pocket, and the method that adopts outdoor cool canopy earthing to go out sesame goes out sesame management.
It is main raw material that by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and the sunflower seeds grouts of Sunflower Receptacle are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, terra alba, makes cultivation of glossy ganoderma material.Its advantage is: the one, and reasonable raw material proportioning, the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient have been promoted, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, Mycelium Growth of Ganoderma lucidum is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, glossy ganoderma growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency (dry sesame meter) reaches 13.6%-14.2%; The 2nd, not only the harmless treatment for Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell provides a terms of settlement, also for cultivation of glossy ganoderma has found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, cultivation of glossy ganoderma material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 17%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 28%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 18%, rice bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 500kg, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole deciduous tree weed tree sawdusts, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, through the cultivation of 30d, mycelia is covered with pocket, and the method that adopts outdoor cool canopy earthing to go out sesame goes out sesame management.Utilize the planting material cultivating ganoderma of the present embodiment, the biological efficiency of glossy ganoderma (dry sesame meter) reaches 14.2%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, cultivation of glossy ganoderma material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 16%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 23%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 18%, rice bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivating ganoderma of the present embodiment, the biological efficiency of glossy ganoderma (dry sesame meter) reaches 14.0%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, cultivation of glossy ganoderma material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%, Sunflower Stalk bits 23%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 18%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 18%, rice bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivating ganoderma of the present embodiment, the biological efficiency of glossy ganoderma (dry sesame meter) reaches 13.6%.
The glossy ganoderma biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (8)
1. a cultivation of glossy ganoderma material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%-18%, Sunflower Stalk bits 17%-23%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 18%-28%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 18%, rice bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits are sunflower plates of sloughing sunflower seeds, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rice bran is by product when essence is ground rice after rice hulling.
6. a kind of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material according to claim 1, is characterized in that a kind of byproduct that described sunflower seeds grouts obtain while being sunflower seeds liquefaction.
7. a making method for the cultivation of glossy ganoderma material described in claim 1-6, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole deciduous tree weed tree sawdusts, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
8. utilize the cultivation of glossy ganoderma material described in claim 1-7, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 28d-30d, mycelia is covered with pocket, and the method that adopts outdoor cool canopy earthing to go out sesame goes out sesame management.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770205A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金梅 | Lucid ganoderma culture method |
| CN106565324A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-19 | 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 | Edible fungus cultivation matrix prepared by sunflower by-products |
| CN107810782A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-03-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of high-yield method of bracteal leaf of corn cultivating ganoderma |
Citations (2)
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| CN101622938A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2010-01-13 | 广东粤微食用菌技术有限公司 | Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma |
| CN102160499A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2011-08-24 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for realizing industrialization cultivation of lucid ganoderma |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101622938A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2010-01-13 | 广东粤微食用菌技术有限公司 | Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma |
| CN102160499A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2011-08-24 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for realizing industrialization cultivation of lucid ganoderma |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 刘养清等: "葵花子壳和油粕栽培灵芝", 《食用菌》 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770205A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金梅 | Lucid ganoderma culture method |
| CN106565324A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-19 | 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 | Edible fungus cultivation matrix prepared by sunflower by-products |
| CN107810782A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-03-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of high-yield method of bracteal leaf of corn cultivating ganoderma |
| CN107810782B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-04-07 | 吉林大学 | High-yield method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by corn bracts |
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