CN107667839A - A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach - Google Patents

A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107667839A
CN107667839A CN201711039985.9A CN201711039985A CN107667839A CN 107667839 A CN107667839 A CN 107667839A CN 201711039985 A CN201711039985 A CN 201711039985A CN 107667839 A CN107667839 A CN 107667839A
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spinach
selenium
rich
culture method
soilless culture
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申圆
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Deep Mountains And Forests Along River In Guizhou Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Deep Mountains And Forests Along River In Guizhou Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711039985.9A priority Critical patent/CN107667839A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to spinach planting technology field, especially a kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach, by preparing cultivation matrix, seed treatment, growth management and rich water quality management totally four steps, it is raw material by using stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent, after rational proportion design, it is prepared into matrix, mix the environment of suitable spinach growth, promote absorption of the spinach to nutriment in matrix, especially by addition haslet composition, on the one hand solve the Utilizing question of haslet, while abundant selenium element can also be provided for spinach；The present invention is raw material also by using selenium-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, bentonite, the bighead atractylodes rhizome and folium sennae, by being prepared into nutrient solution after reasonably combined, after soaking spinach seed, the germination percentage of spinach is enabled to improve, survival rate improves, nutrient absorption ability strengthens, and guarantee is provided to obtain the spinach of high-quality high yield.

Description

A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach
Technical field
The invention belongs to spinach planting technology field, especially a kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach.
Background technology
Spinach category Amaranthaceae lamb's-quarters subfamily spinach, annual herb plant, there is the title of " nutrition model student ", it is rich in class Hu trailing plants The various nutrients such as Bu Su, vitamin C, vitamin K, mineral matter (calcareous, irony etc.), Co-Q10.With logical intestines lead just, preventing and treating Hemorrhoid, enhancing development, enhancing resistance against diseases, ensure nutrition, improve health, promote human metabolism, anti-aging with And nourishing blood function.
Selenium is the indispensable trace element of human body, there is very important physiological function and nutrition health-care functions；Such as Selenium is the required composing factor of glutathione peroxidase, and it can remove caused active oxygen radical in eubolism, It is avoided to protect biomembrane to histiocytic damage, maintain the normal function of cell；And selenium can remove heavy metal in human body Accumulation, have release heavy metal poisoning ability；In addition, selenium is healthy in protection angiocarpy, maintenance cardiac muscle, liver is protected, it is anti- Tumour and protection organum visuale etc. play a significant role；Because China is regional in the low selenium of a banding, the grain of production contains selenium Measure it is extremely low, so as to cause human body selenium deficiency.In order to ensure the normal intake of selenium, it is necessary to carry out the supplement of selenium by selenium-enriched food. At present, the report on rich selenium vegetables implantation methods is a lot, and how to carry out the science of rich selenium vegetables, environmental protection and it is low into This plantation turns into the problem of planting households urgent need to resolve.
A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich spinach as disclosed in patent CN201510520216.5, comprise the following steps：Site preparation Fertilising, sowing time selection, seed treatment, sowing, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvests and reserves seed for planting；The present invention is by growing The method that animated period sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer to spinach, nutrient is provided for spinach growth, enriched so as to plant to obtain nutritive value Selenium-rich spinach；Base fertilizer and seed-soaking liquid are used in combination simultaneously, not only increase spinach yield, and can play soil protection Effect, but its selenium-rich effect is undesirable, and the yield of spinach also has room for promotion.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach.
It is achieved particular by following technical scheme：
A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach, comprises the following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is prepared：Cultivation matrix is prepared by stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent for raw material Form, be placed in substrate grooves；
(2) seed treatment：Select full grains, not damaged, rot, spinach seed of uniform size, use concentration for 3~ 5% liquor potassic permanganate carries out 5~10min of surface sterilization, then clean 2~3 times with clear water, use nutrient solution soak 20min with On, soaking temperature control is 20~30 DEG C, pulls rear normal temperature out and dries, and is seeded into step (1) described substrate grooves；
(3) growth management：Seed after planting, by cultivation room temperature is adjusted to 25~28 DEG C, and the duration is 3~6h, then 21~24 DEG C are down to, until when Seed Germination In Spinach rate reaches more than 90%, temperature is adjusted to 18~20 DEG C；
(4) rich water quality management：Watered, applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in a conventional manner.
The cultivation matrix raw material is in parts by weight：40~60 parts of stalk, 20~30 parts of medical stone, haslet 5~10 Part, 20~30 parts of careless carbon, 0.1~0.5 part of fermenting agent.
The fermenting agent is by wooden enzyme bacterium and saccharomycete according to 1：0.1~0.3 weight ratio is uniformly mixed so as to obtain.
The cultivation matrix is by being crushed after mixing stalk, careless carbon and pluck, crossing 50 mesh sieves, add water to adjust Material all in one piece liquor ratio is 1：(15~20), add and be crushed to the medical stone of 100~150 mesh, using mixer 5~10min of stir process, Material is heated to 25~30 DEG C, inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, 3~5d of fermentation process, by tunning drying and crushing.
The haslet is at least one of Pigs Hearts, pig brain, pig lung.
The nutrient solution raw materials are in parts by weight 0.1~0.5 part of selenium-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron 0.4~0.8 Part, 20~30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5~10 parts of bentonite, 1~3 part of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, 1~3 part of folium sennae.
The nutrient solution is by will add 6~8 times of water of weight after mixing after the bighead atractylodes rhizome and folium sennae mix, decoct 1~ 2h, filter, selenium-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bentonite are added in filtrate, add water to adjust solid-liquid ratio For 1：(25~30), high-speed stirred is uniform.
Beneficial effect
The present invention by preparing cultivation matrix, seed treatment, growth management and rich water quality management totally four steps, by using Stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent are raw material, after rational proportion design, are prepared into matrix, allotment Go out the environment of suitable spinach growth, promote absorption of the spinach to nutriment in matrix, especially by adding haslet composition, On the one hand solve the Utilizing question of haslet, while abundant selenium element can also be provided for spinach；The present invention is also by using ammonia Base acid chelating selenium, amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, bentonite, the bighead atractylodes rhizome and folium sennae are raw material, pass through reasonably combined rear system For into nutrient solution, after soaking spinach seed, the germination percentage of spinach is enabled to improve, survival rate improves, and nutrient absorption ability increases By force, guarantee is provided to obtain the spinach of high-quality high yield.
Selenium-rich compliance test result：Experiment using the spinach seed sold with a collection of in the market, on December 25th, 2016 extremely On December 25th, 2017 is carried out in Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences proving ground, and test group is using the soilless culture method of the present invention, control Group uses CN201510520216.5 implantation methods；Every group takes 10 plants of spinach at random after off-test, using sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption process determines the content of selenium element, as a result such as table 1 below：
The spinach Se content of table 1 contrasts
Group 60d(mg/kg) 90d(mg/kg) 120d(mg/kg)
Test group 0.25 0.32 0.45
Control group 0.24 0.26 0.31
As seen from the experiment, 60d Se contents and control group thing notable difference after the plantation of test group spinach, but with The passage of time, to 90d, test group spinach Se content is higher by control group 0.06mg/kg, to 120d, test group spinach selenium Content is higher by control group 0.14mg/kg, and test group is significantly higher than control group, therefore uses spinach soilless culture method of the present invention, Se content in spinach can be promoted, improve the nutritive value of spinach.
Embodiment
Tuberculosis specific embodiment is limited technical scheme is further below, but claimed Scope is not only limited to made description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach, comprises the following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is prepared：Cultivation matrix is prepared by stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent for raw material Form, be placed in substrate grooves；
(2) seed treatment：Select full grains, not damaged, rot, spinach seed of uniform size, use concentration as 3% Liquor potassic permanganate carries out surface sterilization 5min, then is cleaned 2 times with clear water, soaks more than 20min, soaking temperature using nutrient solution Control as 20 DEG C, pull rear normal temperature out and dry, and be seeded into step (1) described substrate grooves；
(3) growth management：Seed after planting, by cultivation room temperature is adjusted to 25 DEG C, duration 3h, is then down to 21 DEG C, until when Seed Germination In Spinach rate reaches more than 90%, temperature is adjusted to 18 DEG C；
(4) rich water quality management：Watered, applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in a conventional manner.
The cultivation matrix raw material is in parts by weight：Stalk 40kg, medical stone 20kg, haslet 5kg, careless carbon 20kg, Fermenting agent 0.1kg.
The fermenting agent is by wooden enzyme bacterium and saccharomycete according to 1：0.1 weight ratio is uniformly mixed so as to obtain.
The cultivation matrix is by being crushed after mixing stalk, careless carbon and pluck, crossing 50 mesh sieves, add water to adjust Material all in one piece liquor ratio is 1：15, addition is crushed to the medical stone of 100 mesh, using mixer stir process 5min, and material is heated into 25 DEG C, inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, fermentation process 3d, by tunning drying and crushing.
The haslet is Pigs Hearts.
The nutrient solution raw materials are in parts by weight selenium-amino acid chelate 0.1kg, amino acid chelated iron 0.4kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate Hydrogen potassium 20kg, bentonite 5kg, bighead atractylodes rhizome 1kg, folium sennae 1kg.
The nutrient solution is by will add 6 times of water of weight after mixing after the bighead atractylodes rhizome and folium sennae mix, and decocts 1h, filtration, Selenium-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bentonite are added in filtrate, it is 1 to add water adjustment solid-liquid ratio：25, High-speed stirred is uniform.
Embodiment 2
A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach, comprises the following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is prepared：Cultivation matrix is prepared by stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent for raw material Form, be placed in substrate grooves；
(2) seed treatment：Select full grains, not damaged, rot, spinach seed of uniform size, use concentration as 5% Liquor potassic permanganate carries out surface sterilization 10min, then is cleaned 3 times with clear water, soaks more than 20min, immersion temperature using nutrient solution Degree control is 30 DEG C, pulls rear normal temperature out and dries, and is seeded into step (1) described substrate grooves；
(3) growth management：Seed after planting, by cultivation room temperature is adjusted to 28 DEG C, duration 6h, is then down to 24 DEG C, until when Seed Germination In Spinach rate reaches more than 90%, temperature is adjusted to 20 DEG C；
(4) rich water quality management：Watered, applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in a conventional manner.
The cultivation matrix raw material is in parts by weight：Stalk 60kg, medical stone 30kg, haslet 10kg, careless carbon 30kg, Fermenting agent 0.5kg.
The fermenting agent is by wooden enzyme bacterium and saccharomycete according to 1：0.3 weight ratio is uniformly mixed so as to obtain.
The cultivation matrix is by being crushed after mixing stalk, careless carbon and pluck, crossing 50 mesh sieves, add water to adjust Material all in one piece liquor ratio is 1：20, addition is crushed to the medical stone of 150 mesh, using mixer stir process 10min, and material is heated into 30 DEG C, inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, fermentation process 5d, by tunning drying and crushing.
The haslet is pig brain.
The nutrient solution raw materials are in parts by weight selenium-amino acid chelate 0.5kg, amino acid chelated iron 0.8kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate Hydrogen potassium 30kg, bentonite 10kg, bighead atractylodes rhizome 3kg, folium sennae 3kg.
The nutrient solution is by will add 8 times of water of weight after mixing after the bighead atractylodes rhizome and folium sennae mix, and decocts 2h, filtration, Selenium-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bentonite are added in filtrate, it is 1 to add water adjustment solid-liquid ratio：30, High-speed stirred is uniform.
Embodiment 3
A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach, comprises the following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is prepared：Cultivation matrix is prepared by stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent for raw material Form, be placed in substrate grooves；
(2) seed treatment：Select full grains, not damaged, rot, spinach seed of uniform size, use concentration as 3% Liquor potassic permanganate carries out surface sterilization 10min, then is cleaned 3 times with clear water, soaks more than 20min, immersion temperature using nutrient solution Degree control is 25 DEG C, pulls rear normal temperature out and dries, and is seeded into step (1) described substrate grooves；
(3) growth management：Seed after planting, by cultivation room temperature is adjusted to 27 DEG C, duration 4h, is then down to 22 DEG C, until when Seed Germination In Spinach rate reaches more than 90%, temperature is adjusted to 19 DEG C；
(4) rich water quality management：Watered, applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in a conventional manner.
The cultivation matrix raw material is in parts by weight：Stalk 52kg, medical stone 24kg, haslet 8kg, careless carbon 26kg, Fermenting agent 0.3kg.
The fermenting agent is by wooden enzyme bacterium and saccharomycete according to 1：0.2 weight ratio is uniformly mixed so as to obtain.
The cultivation matrix is by being crushed after mixing stalk, careless carbon and pluck, crossing 50 mesh sieves, add water to adjust Material all in one piece liquor ratio is 1：18, addition is crushed to the medical stone of 140 mesh, using mixer stir process 7min, and material is heated into 28 DEG C, inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, fermentation process 4d, by tunning drying and crushing.
The haslet is pig lung.
The nutrient solution raw materials are in parts by weight selenium-amino acid chelate 0.3kg, amino acid chelated iron 0.7kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate Hydrogen potassium 24kg, bentonite 7kg, bighead atractylodes rhizome 2kg, folium sennae 3kg.
The nutrient solution is by by after the bighead atractylodes rhizome and folium sennae mixing, adding 7 times of water of weight after mixing, decocting 1.5h, filter Cross, selenium-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bentonite are added in filtrate, it is 1 to add water adjustment solid-liquid ratio： 28, high-speed stirred is uniform.
It is important to point out that, above example and test example are only limitted to do further technical scheme herein Elaboration and understanding, it is impossible to be interpreted as further to technical scheme and limited, what those skilled in the art made Non-protruding essential characteristics and the innovation and creation of marked improvement, still fall within the protection category of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is prepared：Cultivation matrix by stalk, medical stone, haslet, careless carbon and fermenting agent be raw material prepare and Into being placed in substrate grooves；
(2) seed treatment：Select full grains, not damaged, rot, spinach seed of uniform size, use concentration as 3~5% Liquor potassic permanganate carries out 5~10min of surface sterilization, then is cleaned 2~3 times with clear water, soaks more than 20min using nutrient solution, Soaking temperature control is 20~30 DEG C, pulls rear normal temperature out and dries, and is seeded into step (1) described substrate grooves；
(3) growth management：Seed after planting, by cultivation room temperature is adjusted to 25~28 DEG C, and the duration is 3~6h, is then down to 21~24 DEG C, until when Seed Germination In Spinach rate reaches more than 90%, temperature is adjusted to 18~20 DEG C；
(4) rich water quality management：Watered, applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in a conventional manner.
2. the soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation matrix raw material is with weight Part is calculated as：40~60 parts of stalk, 20~30 parts of medical stone, 5~10 parts of haslet, 20~30 parts of careless carbon, fermenting agent 0.1~ 0.5 part.
3. the soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fermenting agent by wooden enzyme bacterium and Saccharomycete is according to 1：0.1~0.3 weight ratio is uniformly mixed so as to obtain.
4. the soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation matrix is by by straw Crushed after stalk, careless carbon and pluck mixing, cross 50 mesh sieves, it is 1 to add water adjustment solid-liquid ratio：(15~20), add and crush Medical stone to 100~150 mesh, using mixer 5~10min of stir process, material is heated to 25~30 DEG C, inoculation fermentation Microbial inoculum, 3~5d of fermentation process, by tunning drying and crushing.
5. the soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the haslet be Pigs Hearts, pig brain, At least one of pig lung.
6. the soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution raw materials are with parts by weight It is calculated as 0.1~0.5 part of selenium-amino acid chelate, 0.4~0.8 part of amino acid chelated iron, 20~30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, bentonite 5 ~10 parts, 1~3 part of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, 1~3 part of folium sennae.
7. the soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution is by by the bighead atractylodes rhizome After being mixed with folium sennae, add 6~8 times of water of weight after mixing, decoct 1~2h, filtration, add in filtrate selenium-amino acid chelate, Amino acid chelated iron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bentonite, it is 1 to add water adjustment solid-liquid ratio：(25~30), high-speed stirred is uniform.
CN201711039985.9A 2017-10-31 2017-10-31 A kind of soilless culture method of selenium-rich spinach Pending CN107667839A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109122258A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-01-04 安徽省三分地农业发展有限公司 A kind of preparation method of Selenium-enriched radish shoot vegetable
CN112715299A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 Double-cropping rice direct-seeding high-yield cultivation method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109122258A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-01-04 安徽省三分地农业发展有限公司 A kind of preparation method of Selenium-enriched radish shoot vegetable
CN112715299A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 Double-cropping rice direct-seeding high-yield cultivation method

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Application publication date: 20180209