CN107637573A - A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, using a kind of safety, nutritive value it is high plus selenium forage feed soft-shelled turtle, according to providing required nutrition between the different growing stages of soft-shelled turtle, the nutrient balance of soft-shelled turtle can be effectively improved, improve the Se content of soft-shelled turtle, contribute to the immunity of enhancing soft-shelled turtle, promote growing for soft-shelled turtle.Described plus selenium feed is arranged powder, chicken meal, fermented bean dregs, expanded soybean, walnut powder, witloof powder, watermelon peel powder, glucose, seawood meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, salt, crosslinking selenium methionine by cassava leaf extract, defatted fish flour, cod and formed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture of aquatic animal technical field, and in particular to a kind of cultivation side for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value
Method.
Background technology
Soft-shelled turtle, scientific name soft-shelled turtle, water fish, the soft-shelled turtle and cuckold etc. are commonly called as, are a kind of oviparity amphibians faunal, crust edge is in soft
Soft shape shirt rim, color are blackish green.Soft-shelled turtle often the bottom silt in live, the toy such as eating fish, shrimp, melon skin fruit bits, green grass with
And cereal etc. is also eaten.Whole body is divided into head, neck, trunk, four limbs and the part of tail five.
Soft-shelled turtle nourishing enriches, and contains protein, fat, calcium, iron, copper, animal glue, keratin and multivitamin.Soft-shelled turtle
Meat containing protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash content, magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin,
The nutritional ingredients such as thiamine, riboflavin.Soft-shelled turtle meat has chicken, deer, ox, sheep, the delicious food of 5 kinds of meat of pig, therefore is known as " cuisines five tastes meat "
Laudatory title.Its not only delicious flavour, high protein, low fat, and be the nourishing treasure containing multivitamin and trace element,
The resistance against diseases of body can be strengthened and adjust the endocrine function of human body, and improve breast milk quality, strengthen the immune of baby
The excellent tonic product of power and intelligence.
Into the nineties, China starts one " breeding soft-shell turtle heat ", and constantly heats up, the height of its selling price make us how
Tongue, but to 1997 to " soft-shelled turtle heat " abrupt temperature drop now, fall into low ebb.Its main cause by external soft-shelled turtle enter into, smuggling first
The impact of fish and domestic hypergrowth, storage is full to overflow.Existing market is worth with being worth basic synchronization, meets value scale, in addition
The market value of soft-shelled turtle is approved by consumer at present, if cultivating condition possess, really grasped cultural technique improve survive
Rate, and can properly do management well, actively carry out Collocation cultivation, Devoting Major Efforts To Developing soft-shelled turtle deep processed product.Cultivation soft-shelled turtle still has
Preferable market.
Selenium is the important trace element of human body, currently used human body selenium-supply method mainly take sodium selenite, it is edible plus
Selenium salt etc., but because these methods are difficult to control intake and the reasons such as genotoxic potential be present, there is obvious limitation；People
From long-range and safe angle, by diet come Selenium Supplement, selenium is entered human body by food, be it is a kind of safely and effectively
Selenium-supply method.
Breeding soft-shell turtle family in part, often using high protein soft-shelled turtle compound feed, is excessively thrown to pursue high-yield and high-efficiency at present
Bait, high-density breeding, water body residual bait and the excretory material of a large amount of soft-shelled turtles is caused largely to gather, breeding water body the content of nitrogen and phosphorous is serious
Exceeded, nitrite, the concentration of narmful substance such as ammonia is excessive, severe water pollution, soft-shelled turtle constitution degradation, under immunity
Drop, disease often occur, and the feed nutrient added is single, it is impossible to meet the needs of people.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, using one kind
Safety, nutritive value it is high plus selenium forage feed soft-shelled turtle, can be effective according to required nutrition is provided between the different growing stages of soft-shelled turtle
The nutrient balance of soft-shelled turtle is improved, improves the Se content of soft-shelled turtle, helps to strengthen the immunity of soft-shelled turtle, promotes the growth of soft-shelled turtle to send out
Educate.
The present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, comprises the following steps：
(1) before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 150-200mg/L quick lime full pool spilling heads, young soft-shelled turtle is soaked with 15-20g/L saline solutions
10min；
(2) by 20-30/m of breeding density2, female-male proportion 4-5:1 ratio launches young soft-shelled turtle, control water temperature 30-35
DEG C, the transparent 30cm of water body, each quantity of exchanged water is no more than 1/3；
(3) 1-2 feed is fed daily, young soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume is soft-shelled turtle gross weight 3-5%, is first into soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume
Fish gross weight 5-8%；
(4) per 15-20d, culturing pool is per 667m3Put into 400-500 Pomacea canaliculata.
The feed is will to add selenium feed and immunomodulator by 99:1 ratio mixing drying, then with water with 3:2
Ratio mixes, and adds 3% soya-bean oil, is put into after stirring in granulator, diameter 6-8mm pellet is made.
Described plus selenium feed：Cassava leaf extract 4.2-4.8 parts, defatted fish flour 10-14 parts, cod row powder 21-23 parts, chicken
Digested tankage 6-8 parts, fermented bean dregs 6-8 parts, expanded soybean 3-5 parts, walnut powder 4.2-4.6 parts, witloof powder 2.2-2.4 parts, watermelon peel
Powder 1.1-1.3 parts, glucose 0.7-0.9 parts, seawood meal 1.2-1.4 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.4-1.8 parts, salt 0.2-0.4
Part, crosslinking selenium methionine 1.1-1.5 parts.
The cassava leaf extract：By fresh cassava leaves drying and crushing, it is 1 to add solid-liquid ratio:40 50% ethanol solution,
2h is extracted at 70 DEG C, filtrate is filtered to take and is dried at 50 DEG C.
The crosslinking selenium methionine：Selenium methionine is pressed 1:5 ratio is scattered in 10% pulullan polysaccharide containing 2% acetic acid
In solution, then it is poured slowly into the atoleine of the span80 containing aqueous phase 20%, stirring forms w/o type emulsion, adds
2.5 times of glutaraldehyde, 3-4h is reacted at 400r/min, 60 DEG C, centrifuge 15min through 3000r/min, take precipitation drying.
The immunomodulator：Complex enzyme formulation 1.2-1.6 parts, inula flower extractive 2.2-2.6 parts, field pennycress 6-8 parts,
Radix Codonopsis 5-7 parts, hairyvein agrimony 5-7 parts, jujube kernel 8-12 parts, Poria cocos 3-5 parts, garlic 2-3 parts, dried orange peel 5-7 parts, bark of eucommia 6-10 parts, fennel
Fragrant 11-17 parts, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 6-8 parts, hawthorn 5-7 parts, Radix Isatidis 5-7 parts, radix glycyrrhizae 8-10 parts；The complex enzyme formulation：Cellulase
Preparation 18-20 parts, dextranase preparation 2-4 parts, tannin enzyme preparation 8-10 parts.
The inula flower extractive：Take Inula britannica chinensis drying and crushing, 80% alcohol refluxs for adding 15 times of amounts extract 3 times, often
Secondary 2h, merging filtrate is filtered, the 1/20 of former filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure into, through 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, takes filtrate to dry.
The cellulase preparation：By cornstalk, wheat, straw mixed in equal amounts, 1mm sieves are crushed after natural air drying,；Adopt
Fermented and cultured is carried out with liquid culture medium：Mixed powder, the Mandels nutrient solutions containing 1%Tween80 and distilled water mixing are taken, is connect
Enter mould and aspergillus niger, sterilize 30min at 121 DEG C, then in 37-40 DEG C of fermented and cultured 24h, is centrifuged through 5000r/min
15min, take precipitation to add 10 times of amount distilled water, extract 45min at 40 DEG C, filter to take filtrate, by ammonium sulfate：Filtrate=3:1
Ratio add ammonium sulfate solids, fully shake up, stand 12h, through 4000r/min centrifuge 20min, take be deposited at 40 DEG C do
It is dry.
The dextranase preparation：It is 1 that thin beautiful cupreum, which is taken, as strain, regulation carbon-nitrogen mass ratio:1, at 29 DEG C,
Ferment 16-20h under 210r/min, 20s/20min is during which ultrasonically treated under 300W, 20kHz, through 4700r/ after fermentation completion
Min centrifuges 15min, takes and is deposited in 100-105 DEG C of drying.
The tannin enzyme preparation：Tea stalks are taken to crushed 80 mesh sieves, regulation solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:1.8, pH6.06, temperature 28
DEG C, by the use of aspergillus niger as strain, 1 × 108 spore/mL of inoculum concentration, take 5.69% ammonium chloride to make nitrogen source, 5% alpha-lactose
Make carbon source, cultivate 96h, maltodextrin is then taken as drying aid, in 96 DEG C, charging rate 182ml/h of EAT, solid content
Spray drying is carried out under conditions of content 8% and prepares enzyme preparation.
The present invention possesses following beneficial effect：
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, cassava leaf extract is added in feed, is promoted
Soft-shelled turtle grows, and improves food conversion ratio, and reduces in soft-shelled turtle body in blood glucose, cholesterol, content of triglyceride and serum
Lipid peroxidation object amount, so as to improve the oxidation resistance of soft-shelled turtle and immunity, also improve the edibility of soft-shelled turtle.
The crosslinking selenium methionine that the present invention adds has hydrophily, good biocompatibility and can using pulullan polysaccharide
The advantages that biological degradability, selenium methionine is conveyed by the use of pulullan polysaccharide as carrier, selenium methionine can be increased in soft-shelled turtle body
Accumulation, promote the accumulation of selenium element content in soft-shelled turtle body.
Complex enzyme formulation of the present invention is added in additive, can improve the resistance against diseases of soft-shelled turtle；Containing newborn caused by fermentation
Sour and prebiotic mushroom, intestines and stomach pH value is reduced, suppress harmful pathogen, ensure soft-shelled turtle healthy growth；The digestion of feed can be improved
Absorptivity, reduce aquaculture cost；Strengthen the immunity and resistance against diseases of soft-shelled turtle, increase economic efficiency.
The inula flower extractive that the present invention adds has protein, accounting, phosphatide, vitamin, free amino acid, mineral matter
With the multiple nutritional components such as trace element, also containing bioactive substances such as a variety of enzymes, organic acids, there is stronger anti-oxidant energy
Power, promote the metabolic activity of soft-shelled turtle, improve soft-shelled turtle to nutrition and the absorption of health-care feed, improve the resistance against diseases of soft-shelled turtle, reduce
The incidence of disease of common soft-shelled turtle disease.
The Chinese medicinal herb nutrient value that the present invention adds formula is high, contains several amino acids, trace element, vitamin and biology
Active material, the synthesis of body glycometabolism, protein and enzyme can be promoted；Sexual development is stimulated, bactericidal, adjusts the immune of body
Function etc. acts on, and Chinese herb feed additive has no toxic side effect in animal body, noresidue and does not develop immunity to drugs；Have trophism concurrently
With the double action of Drug, soft-shelled turtle gonad development, ovulation can be promoted, improve rate of fertilization, immunologic function is improved, have health care to exempt from
Epidemic disease acts on；
Cultural method provided by the invention, which can play, improves soft-shelled turtle resistance against diseases, increases production chemokine, promotes soft-shelled turtle growth, carries
Accumulation of the high nutrient in soft-shelled turtle body, and soft-shelled turtle meat can be made more delicious, and rich in organic selemium nutrition needed for people
Composition.
Embodiment
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, is mainly included the following steps that：
(1) before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 175mg/L quick lime full pool spilling heads, young soft-shelled turtle soaks 10min with 17.5g/L saline solutions；
(2) 25/m of breeding density is pressed2, female-male proportion 4.5:1 ratio launches young soft-shelled turtle, controls 32.5 DEG C of water temperature,
The transparent 30cm of water body, each quantity of exchanged water are no more than 1/3；
(3) 2 feeds are fed daily, young soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume is soft-shelled turtle gross weight 4%, is that soft-shelled turtle is total into soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume
Weigh 6.5%；
(4) per 17.5d, culturing pool is per 667m3Put into 450 Pomacea canaliculatas.
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value of the present embodiment, the feed is will to add selenium feed and immunological regulation
Agent presses 99:1 ratio mixing drying, then with water with 3:2 ratio mixing, adds 3% soya-bean oil, particle is put into after stirring
In machine, diameter 7mm pellet is made.
Above-mentioned plus selenium feed includes：4.5 parts of cassava leaf extract, 12 parts of defatted fish flour, 22 parts of powder of cod row, chicken meal 7
Part, 7 parts of fermented bean dregs, 4 parts of expanded soybean, 4.4 parts of walnut powder, 2.3 parts of witloof powder, 1.2 parts of watermelon peel powder, 0.8 part of glucose,
1.3 parts 1.3 parts of seawood meal, 1.6 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, crosslinking of selenium methionine.
Above-mentioned cassava leaf extract is produced：By fresh cassava leaves drying and crushing, it is 1 to add solid-liquid ratio:40 50% second
Alcoholic solution, 2h is extracted at 70 DEG C, filter to take filtrate and dried at 50 DEG C.
Above-mentioned crosslinking selenium methionine is produced：Selenium methionine is pressed 1:5 ratio is scattered in the 10% general Shandong containing 2% acetic acid
In blue polysaccharide solution, then it is poured slowly into the atoleine of the span80 containing aqueous phase 20%, stirring forms w/o type breast
Liquid, 2.5 times of glutaraldehyde is added, reacts 3.5h at 400r/min, 60 DEG C, 15min is centrifuged through 3000r/min, take precipitation dry
It is dry.
Above-mentioned immunomodulator includes：1.4 parts of complex enzyme formulation, 2.4 parts of inula flower extractive, 7 parts of field pennycress, Radix Codonopsis 6
Part, 6 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 10 parts of jujube kernel, 4 parts of Poria cocos, 2.5 parts of garlic, 6 parts of dried orange peel, 8 parts of the bark of eucommia, 14 parts of fennel, 7 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, hawthorn
6 parts, 6 parts of Radix Isatidis, 9 parts of radix glycyrrhizae；The complex enzyme formulation：19 parts of cellulase preparation, 3 parts of dextranase preparation, tannase
9 parts of preparation.
The preparation of above-mentioned inula flower extractive：Inula britannica chinensis drying and crushing is taken, adds the 80% alcohol reflux extraction 3 of 15 times of amounts
It is secondary, each 2h, merging filtrate is filtered, the 1/20 of former filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure into, through 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, takes filtrate to do
It is dry.
Above-mentioned cellulase preparation is produced：By cornstalk, wheat, straw mixed in equal amounts, 1mm is crushed after natural air drying
Sieve,；Fermented and cultured is carried out using liquid culture medium：Mixed powder, the Mandels nutrient solutions containing 1%Tween80 and distilled water is taken to mix
Close, access mould and aspergillus niger, sterilize 30min at 121 DEG C, then in 38.5 DEG C of fermented and cultured 24h, through 5000r/min from
Heart 15min, take precipitation to add 10 times of amount distilled water, extract 45min at 40 DEG C, filter to take filtrate, by ammonium sulfate:Filtrate=3:
1 ratio adds ammonium sulfate solids, fully shakes up, and stands 12h, and 20min is centrifuged through 4000r/min, takes to be deposited at 40 DEG C and does
It is dry.
The preparation of above-mentioned dextranase preparation：It is 1 that thin beautiful cupreum, which is taken, as strain, regulation carbon-nitrogen mass ratio:1,29
DEG C, ferment 18h under 210r/min, 20s/20min is during which ultrasonically treated under 300W, 20kHz, through 4700r/ after fermentation completion
Min centrifuges 15min, takes and is deposited in 102.5 DEG C of dryings.
The preparation of above-mentioned tannin enzyme preparation：Tea stalks are taken to crushed 80 mesh sieves, regulation solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:1.8, pH=6.06,
28 DEG C of temperature, strain, inoculum concentration 1 × 10 are used as by the use of aspergillus niger8Individual spore/mL, 5.69% ammonium chloride is taken to make nitrogen source, 5%
Alpha-lactose makees carbon source, cultivates 96h, then takes maltodextrin as drying aid, in 96 DEG C, charging rate 182mL/h of EAT,
Spray drying is carried out under conditions of solid content 8% and prepares enzyme preparation.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, is mainly included the following steps that：
(1) before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 150mg/L quick lime full pool spilling heads, young soft-shelled turtle soaks 10min with 15g/L saline solutions；
(2) 20/m of breeding density is pressed2, female-male proportion 4:1 ratio launches young soft-shelled turtle, controls 30 DEG C of water temperature, water body
Transparent 30cm, each quantity of exchanged water are no more than 1/3；
(3) 1 feed is fed daily, young soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume is soft-shelled turtle gross weight 3%, is that soft-shelled turtle is total into soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume
Weigh 5%；
(4) per 15d, culturing pool is per 667m3Put into 400 Pomacea canaliculatas.
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value of the present embodiment, the feed is will to add selenium feed and immunological regulation
Agent presses 99:1 ratio mixing drying, then with water with 3:2 ratio mixing, adds 3% soya-bean oil, particle is put into after stirring
In machine, diameter 6mm pellet is made.
Above-mentioned plus selenium feed includes：4.2 parts of cassava leaf extract, 10 parts of defatted fish flour, 21 parts of powder of cod row, chicken meal 6
Part, 6 parts of fermented bean dregs, 3 parts of expanded soybean, 4.2 parts of walnut powder, 2.2 parts of witloof powder, 1.1 parts of watermelon peel powder, 0.7 part of glucose,
1.1 parts 1.2 parts of seawood meal, 1.4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of salt, crosslinking of selenium methionine.
Above-mentioned cassava leaf extract is produced：By fresh cassava leaves drying and crushing, it is 1 to add solid-liquid ratio:40 50% second
Alcoholic solution, 2h is extracted at 70 DEG C, filter to take filtrate and dried at 50 DEG C.
Above-mentioned crosslinking selenium methionine is produced：Selenium methionine is pressed 1:5 ratio is scattered in the 10% general Shandong containing 2% acetic acid
In blue polysaccharide solution, then it is poured slowly into the atoleine of the span80 containing aqueous phase 20%, stirring forms w/o type breast
Liquid, 2.5 times of glutaraldehyde is added, reacts 3h at 400r/min, 60 DEG C, centrifuged 15min through 3000r/min, take precipitation drying.
Above-mentioned immunomodulator includes：1.2 parts of complex enzyme formulation, 2.2 parts of inula flower extractive, 6 parts of field pennycress, Radix Codonopsis 5
Part, 5 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 8 parts of jujube kernel, 3 parts of Poria cocos, 2 parts of garlic, 5 parts of dried orange peel, 6 parts of the bark of eucommia, 11 parts of fennel, 6 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, hawthorn 5
Part, 5 parts of Radix Isatidis, 8 parts of radix glycyrrhizae；The complex enzyme formulation：18 parts of cellulase preparation, 2 parts of dextranase preparation, tannase system
8 parts of agent.
The preparation of above-mentioned inula flower extractive：Inula britannica chinensis drying and crushing is taken, adds the 80% alcohol reflux extraction 3 of 15 times of amounts
It is secondary, each 2h, merging filtrate is filtered, the 1/20 of former filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure into, through 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, takes filtrate to do
It is dry.
Above-mentioned cellulase preparation is produced：By cornstalk, wheat, straw mixed in equal amounts, 1mm is crushed after natural air drying
Sieve,；Fermented and cultured is carried out using liquid culture medium：Mixed powder, the Mandels nutrient solutions containing 1%Tween80 and distilled water is taken to mix
Close, access mould and aspergillus niger, sterilize 30min at 121 DEG C, then in 37 DEG C of fermented and cultured 24h, is centrifuged through 5000r/min
15min, take precipitation to add 10 times of amount distilled water, extract 45min at 40 DEG C, filter to take filtrate, by ammonium sulfate:Filtrate=3:1
Ratio add ammonium sulfate solids, fully shake up, stand 12h, through 4000r/min centrifuge 20min, take be deposited at 40 DEG C do
It is dry.
The preparation of above-mentioned dextranase preparation：It is 1 that thin beautiful cupreum, which is taken, as strain, regulation carbon-nitrogen mass ratio:1,29
DEG C, ferment 16h under 210r/min, 20s/20min is during which ultrasonically treated under 300W, 20kHz, through 4700r/ after fermentation completion
Min centrifuges 15min, takes and is deposited in 100 DEG C of dryings.
The preparation of above-mentioned tannin enzyme preparation：Tea stalks are taken to crushed 80 mesh sieves, regulation solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:1.8, pH=6.06,
28 DEG C of temperature, strain, inoculum concentration 1 × 10 are used as by the use of aspergillus niger8Individual spore/mL, 5.69% ammonium chloride is taken to make nitrogen source, 5%
Alpha-lactose makees carbon source, cultivates 96h, then takes maltodextrin as drying aid, in 96 DEG C, charging rate 182mL/h of EAT,
Spray drying is carried out under conditions of solid content 8% and prepares enzyme preparation.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, is mainly included the following steps that：
(1) before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 200mg/L quick lime full pool spilling heads, young soft-shelled turtle soaks 10min with 20g/L saline solutions；
(2) 30/m of breeding density is pressed2, female-male proportion 5:1 ratio launches young soft-shelled turtle, controls 35 DEG C of water temperature, water body
Transparent 30cm, each quantity of exchanged water are no more than 1/3；
(3) 2 feeds are fed daily, young soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume is soft-shelled turtle gross weight 5%, is that soft-shelled turtle is total into soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume
Weigh 8%；
(4) per 20d, culturing pool is per 667m3Put into 500 Pomacea canaliculatas.
A kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value of the present embodiment, the feed is will to add selenium feed and immunological regulation
Agent presses 99:1 ratio mixing drying, then with water with 3:2 ratio mixing, adds 3% soya-bean oil, particle is put into after stirring
In machine, diameter 8mm pellet is made.
Above-mentioned plus selenium feed includes：4.8 parts of cassava leaf extract, 14 parts of defatted fish flour, 23 parts of powder of cod row, chicken meal 8
Part, 8 parts of fermented bean dregs, 5 parts of expanded soybean, 4.6 parts of walnut powder, 2.4 parts of witloof powder, 1.3 parts of watermelon peel powder, 0.9 part of glucose,
1.5 parts 1.4 parts of seawood meal, 1.8 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 part of salt, crosslinking of selenium methionine.
Above-mentioned cassava leaf extract is produced：By fresh cassava leaves drying and crushing, it is 1 to add solid-liquid ratio:40 50% second
Alcoholic solution, 2h is extracted at 70 DEG C, filter to take filtrate and dried at 50 DEG C.
Above-mentioned crosslinking selenium methionine is produced：Selenium methionine is pressed 1:5 ratio is scattered in the 10% general Shandong containing 2% acetic acid
In blue polysaccharide solution, then it is poured slowly into the atoleine of the span80 containing aqueous phase 20%, stirring forms w/o type breast
Liquid, 2.5 times of glutaraldehyde is added, reacts 4h at 400r/min, 60 DEG C, centrifuged 15min through 3000r/min, take precipitation drying.
Above-mentioned immunomodulator includes：1.6 parts of complex enzyme formulation, 2.6 parts of inula flower extractive, 8 parts of field pennycress, Radix Codonopsis 7
Part, 7 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 12 parts of jujube kernel, 5 parts of Poria cocos, 3 parts of garlic, 7 parts of dried orange peel, 10 parts of the bark of eucommia, 17 parts of fennel, 8 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, hawthorn 7
Part, 7 parts of Radix Isatidis, 10 parts of radix glycyrrhizae；The complex enzyme formulation：20 parts of cellulase preparation, 4 parts of dextranase preparation, tannase
10 parts of preparation.
The preparation of above-mentioned inula flower extractive：Inula britannica chinensis drying and crushing is taken, adds the 80% alcohol reflux extraction 3 of 15 times of amounts
It is secondary, each 2h, merging filtrate is filtered, the 1/20 of former filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure into, through 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, takes filtrate to do
It is dry.
Above-mentioned cellulase preparation is produced：By cornstalk, wheat, straw mixed in equal amounts, 1mm is crushed after natural air drying
Sieve,；Fermented and cultured is carried out using liquid culture medium：Mixed powder, the Mandels nutrient solutions containing 1%Tween80 and distilled water is taken to mix
Close, access mould and aspergillus niger, sterilize 30min at 121 DEG C, then in 40 DEG C of fermented and cultured 24h, is centrifuged through 5000r/min
15min, take precipitation to add 10 times of amount distilled water, extract 45min at 40 DEG C, filter to take filtrate, by ammonium sulfate:Filtrate=3:1
Ratio add ammonium sulfate solids, fully shake up, stand 12h, through 4000r/min centrifuge 20min, take be deposited at 40 DEG C do
It is dry.
The preparation of above-mentioned dextranase preparation：It is 1 that thin beautiful cupreum, which is taken, as strain, regulation carbon-nitrogen mass ratio:1,29
DEG C, ferment 20h under 210r/min, 20s/20min is during which ultrasonically treated under 300W, 20kHz, through 4700r/ after fermentation completion
Min centrifuges 15min, takes and is deposited in 105 DEG C of dryings.
The preparation of above-mentioned tannin enzyme preparation：Tea stalks are taken to crushed 80 mesh sieves, regulation solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:1.8, pH=6.06,
28 DEG C of temperature, strain, inoculum concentration 1 × 10 are used as by the use of aspergillus niger8Individual spore/mL, 5.69% ammonium chloride is taken to make nitrogen source, 5%
Alpha-lactose makees carbon source, cultivates 96h, then takes maltodextrin as drying aid, in 96 DEG C, charging rate 182mL/h of EAT,
Spray drying is carried out under conditions of solid content 8% and prepares enzyme preparation.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 150-200mg/L quick lime full pool spilling heads, young soft-shelled turtle soaks 10min with 15-20g/L saline solutions；
(2) by 20-30/m of breeding density2, female-male proportion 4-5:1 ratio launches young soft-shelled turtle, controls 30-35 DEG C of water temperature, water
The transparent 30cm of body, each quantity of exchanged water are no more than 1/3；
(3) 1-2 feed is fed daily, young soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume is soft-shelled turtle gross weight 3-5%, is that soft-shelled turtle is total into soft-shelled turtle day feeding volume
Weight 5-8%；
(4) per 15-20d, culturing pool is per 667m3Put into 400-500 Pomacea canaliculata.
2. a kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feed is
Selenium feed and immunomodulator will be added to press 99:1 ratio mixing drying, then with water with 3:2 ratio mixing, adds 3% beans
Oil, it is put into after stirring in granulator, diameter 6-8mm pellet is made.
3. a kind of cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described plus selenium is raised
Material：Cassava leaf extract 4.2-4.8 parts, defatted fish flour 10-14 parts, cod row powder 21-23 parts, chicken meal 6-8 parts, fermented bean dregs
6-8 parts, expanded soybean 3-5 parts, walnut powder 4.2-4.6 parts, witloof powder 2.2-2.4 parts, watermelon peel powder 1.1-1.3 parts, glucose
0.7-0.9 parts, seawood meal 1.2-1.4 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.4-1.8 parts, salt 0.2-0.4 parts, crosslinking selenium methionine 1.1-
1.5 part.
A kind of 4. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the cassava leaves
Extract：By fresh cassava leaves drying and crushing, it is 1 to add solid-liquid ratio:40 50% ethanol solution, extracts 2h, mistake at 70 DEG C
Leaching filtrate is dried at 50 DEG C.
A kind of 5. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the crosslinking egg
Propylhomoserin selenium：Selenium methionine is pressed 1:5 ratio is scattered in the 10% pulullan polysaccharide solution containing 2% acetic acid, is then slowly fallen
Entering into the atoleine of the span80 containing aqueous phase 20%, stirring forms w/o type emulsion, adds 2.5 times of glutaraldehyde,
400r/min, 3-4h is reacted at 60 DEG C, centrifuge 15min through 3000r/min, take precipitation drying.
A kind of 6. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the immune tune
Save agent：Complex enzyme formulation 1.2-1.6 parts, inula flower extractive 2.2-2.6 parts, field pennycress 6-8 parts, Radix Codonopsis 5-7 parts, hairyvein agrimony 5-
7 parts, jujube kernel 8-12 parts, Poria cocos 3-5 parts, garlic 2-3 parts, dried orange peel 5-7 parts, bark of eucommia 6-10 parts, fennel 11-17 parts, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 6-8
Part, hawthorn 5-7 parts, Radix Isatidis 5-7 parts, radix glycyrrhizae 8-10 parts；The complex enzyme formulation：Cellulase preparation 18-20 parts, glucan
Enzyme preparation 2-4 parts, tannin enzyme preparation 8-10 parts.
A kind of 7. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the Inula britannica chinensis
Extract：Inula britannica chinensis drying and crushing is taken, 80% alcohol reflux for adding 15 times of amounts extracts 3 times, each 2h, filters merging filtrate,
The 1/20 of former filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure into, through 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, takes filtrate to dry.
A kind of 8. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the cellulose
Enzyme preparation：By cornstalk, wheat, straw mixed in equal amounts, 1mm sieves are crushed after natural air drying,；Sent out using liquid culture medium
Ferment culture：Mixed powder, the Mandels nutrient solutions containing 1%Tween80 and distilled water mixing are taken, accesses mould and aspergillus niger, in
Sterilize 30min at 121 DEG C, then in 37-40 DEG C of fermented and cultured 24h, centrifuges 15min through 5000r/min, takes precipitation to add 10 times
Distilled water is measured, 45min is extracted at 40 DEG C, filters to take filtrate, by ammonium sulfate：Filtrate=3:1 ratio adds ammonium sulfate solids,
Fully shake up, stand 12h, 20min is centrifuged through 4000r/min, take to be deposited at 40 DEG C and dry.
A kind of 9. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the glucan
Enzyme preparation：It is 1 that thin beautiful cupreum, which is taken, as strain, regulation carbon-nitrogen mass ratio:1, ferment 16-20h under 29 DEG C, 210r/min,
Period is ultrasonically treated 20s/20min under 300W, 20kHz, centrifuges 15min through 4700r/min after fermentation completion, takes and be deposited in
100-105 DEG C of drying.
A kind of 10. cultural method for improving soft-shelled turtle nourishing value according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the tannin
Enzyme preparation：Tea stalks are taken to crushed 80 mesh sieves, regulation solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:1.8, pH6.06,28 DEG C of temperature, bacterium is used as by the use of aspergillus niger
Kind, 1 × 108 spore/mL of inoculum concentration, take 5.69% ammonium chloride to make nitrogen source, 5% alpha-lactose makees carbon source, cultivates 96h, so
After take maltodextrin to enter as drying aid under conditions of 96 DEG C, charging rate 182ml/h of EAT, solid content 8%
Row spray drying prepares enzyme preparation.
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