CN107593250A - A kind of plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree, it is characterized in by soil management, improved soil, expand cave to improve the soil, cultivation and banking, keep loosing soil to breathe freely with sod culture, it is soft, rational deployment draining is smooth, well developed root system, needs season difference to apply foliage fertilization using root system by growth, flower-promoting and fruit protecting, simplify Pruning Away Branches bar, evade wind and rain evil, windproof and rain proof.Advantage is that equipment is simple, and technique is easy, easy to operate, stable high yield, and fruit beautiful outline form, meat is sweet and tasty, and vitamin content is high.

Description

A kind of plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree

Technical field

The invention belongs to woods fruit field of planting, particularly a kind of plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree.

Background technology

The sugariness medium level of cake mandarin orange, meat slightly foresythia, like persimmon profile, therefore referred to as cake mandarin orange, mandarin orange fruit are fond of eating, particularly always One of fruit that year people likes.But yield is not high, disparate development.The cultivation management of cake mandarin orange fruit tree and the cultivation management of treelet are not Equally, the cultivation management of treelet is chiefly to facilitate the growth of each secondary tip, as early as possible for the purpose of expansion tree crown.And the management of bearing-age tree It is then that should ensure tree crown energy normal growth, while also guarantees normally to bear fruit, reaches high and stable yield.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide one kind by soil management, improved soil, expand cave and improve the soil, cultivation and banking, use Sod culture keeps loosing soil to breathe freely, and soft, rational deployment draining is smooth, well developed root system, needs season difference to adopt by growth Foliage fertilization is applied with rhizosphere, flower-promoting and fruit protecting, simplifies Pruning Away Branches bar, evades wind and rain evil, windproof and rain proof obtains a kind of cake mandarin orange of harvest The plantation process of fruit tree.

The technical solution of the present invention is a kind of such, plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree, it is characterised in that：

1）Improved soil structure：Expand cave to improve the soil, at tree crown outer ring bottom, trench digging applies humic fertileizer, basal dressing；Cultivation and banking, Tilly With rate and absorptivity, promote root system development, 6 centimetres of thickness of earthing up；Weeding in circle, circle is outer to grow grass；Dig trenches to drain the water away, circle is outer Draw a gutter；

2）Fertilising and top dressing：Root applies bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer before rudiment；Thank and guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers is applied after spending, 1 kilogram to fertilize of strain； Autumn growth fruit-promoting fertilizer, autumn pretty preceding 30 kilograms of organic fertilizer；

3）Promote flower：Mainly promote the sharp tip, stay tip strain up to 350；Spray promotees flower liquid, and paclobutrazol dilution was sprayed before winter； Girdling promotees bud differentiation, and half-turn is cut in main tree trunk ring circle.

1）Fruit tree, which blooms, to pass the winter and/or very few all needs fruit retention：By spraying foliar fertilizer fruit retention, gibberellin fruit retention is sprayed； Secondary girdling fruit retention；Fruit retention is trimmed, point closed trimming, cutting back, growth period trimming；

2）Tree crown epiphragma, three keep away technology, and epiphragma will take off film by weather requirement；

3）Pest control, preventing and treating pest and disease damage technology is combined with trap lamp, insect-attracting board, gyplure；

4）Bagging fruit retention after the long fruit of fruit tree.

Advantages of the present invention：Improve the soil expand cave, the rational application of fertilizer, pour water, keep irrigation and drainage it is smooth, well developed root system, rhizosphere apply with Foliage fertilization, which combines, reaches production fruit stabilization, and high yield high yield, equipment is simple, and technique is easy, easy to operate, stable high yield, fruit Beautiful outline form, meat is sweet and tasty, and vitamin content is high.

Embodiment

With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described：

Embodiment 1：

First, soil management technology：After cake mandarin orange bears fruit, the substantial amounts of nutrient of soil is consumed, soil fertility reduces year by year, far from full The demand of sufficient growth result, only by improved soil, nutrient is supplemented, promotion soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, improves organic matter and contains Amount, while soil aeration is good, and can keeps the subacidity soil of certain humidity.

1st, expand cave to improve the soil：Typically carried out in annual autumn and winter, length 60 of outwards being ditched generally from the drip of tree crown periphery~ It is 90 centimetres, wide 25~35 centimetres, deep 50~55 centimetres and year by year to external expansion, every plant apply 8 kilograms of decomposed manure of livestock and poultry, cake fertilizer or 2 kilograms of bran fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer, 1.6 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 1.2 kilograms of lime, filling out for fertilizer are put and are well mixed with soil, applied Earthing afterwards.It is acted on：Soil organic matter content can be improved, improves soil porosity.

2nd, intertillage and ridging：Intertillage is loosened the soil：Cake Gan Shu intertillages can make loosing soil, improve soil aeration situation, have Beneficial to microbial activities, promote manure digestion, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.Growth period and rainy season should not intertill, and easily hinder coring, meet sudden and violent Rain, intertillage can make soil nutrient loss, and soil granular structure is easily damaged, and in the course of time, can cause various nutritional deficiency diseases.It is preferably selected Autumn and winter intertills, and depth 12cm, may advantageously facilitate bud differentiation.

Ridging：Cake Gan Shu will be earthed up every year, protect root system, increase arable layer, this is to ensure that the important of high yield Measure, typically carry out in the winter time or before spring tip rudiment, pond sludge, turf mud, case ditch mud and irrigation canals and ditches mud etc., ridging thickness 6cm can be used.

3rd, sod culture：Crop is planted between bearing-age tree is unsuitable, typically takes sod culture management.Cultivation of growing grass refers in orchard Extensive sward and kind grass, only retain and are not grown grass in fruit tray, it is covered a kind of management method of whole orchard earth's surface between plant.Stay Grass planting both can be covered orcharding table, improve the ecological environment in orchard, prevent table soil from being washed away by heavy rain, reduce soil Earth is lost in.When grass is with 15cm, in time mowing, covering fruit tray.

4th, drainage works are carried out in accumulated water orchard：Cake Gan Shu most avoids accumulated water, and accumulated water easily causes root system to go rotten, soil hardening, Yellow is set, influences yield and fruit quality.The high orchard of level of ground water, this kind of orchard will dig outer shroud ditch depth 55cm, for special Low-lying orchard will be opened ditch in a deep 25cm by 6 rows, accomplish rational deployment, irrigation and drainage are freely, it is ensured that draining is smooth, it is ensured that cake Gan Shu Root system in 40cm depths is refreshing water, keeps root system normal growth.

2nd, rich water quality management technology：Fertilizing method：There are rhizosphere fertilization and foliage fertilization, the period of rhizosphere fertilization and number：Knot Annual i.e. five four top dressings and the base manure that applies fertilizer of applying fruit trees with fertilizer：

1st, spring tip fertilizer：Because cake mandarin orange picking time postpones, fruit picking fertilizer is carried out with the rudiment fertilizer same period, need to increase fertilising dosage.In rudiment Apply within first 10~15 days, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, open shallow ridges and mix mud application, rear earthing is applied, according to tree crown size and bearing capacity High light basis weight, typically apply fertile jin/plant of 6 jins/plant+composite fertilizer 0.6+jin/plant of urea 1.0 of jin/plant of biological organic fertilizer 6+bran.Dose Account for whole year more than 30%.

2nd, thank to fertilizers for potted flowers：Thank and applied after spending 60%, due to a large amount of nutrients of consumption of blooming, leaf color is moved back red, often causes a large amount of fallen flowers to fall Fruit, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer supplement nutrient can be applied, 60 jin of every plant of fruit trees are produced in general strain to be advisable with 1.0 jin.It is worth noting：Cross prosperous children Age bearing-age tree is spent should control nitrogenous fertilizer or not apply less, reduce summer shoot and sprout in order to avoid causing shedding.4 supplements of summer shoot are often smeared once to chase after Fertilizer.Dose accounts for whole year 6%.

3rd, strengthen fruit, attack autumn growth fertilizer：Autumn growth is coming year good results mother branch, and it is August part that cake mandarin orange, which puts the autumn growth time, Best Times For mid-August.The application at the beginning of mid or late August to September of fertilising for the first time.Based on organic fertilizer, with reference to phosphorus potash fertilizer, autumn growth can put First 26 days every plant apply decomposed cake fertilizer, peanut press pulp fertilizer 7 jin, decomposed 60 jin of feces of livestock and poultry, 0.6 jin of potassium sulfate, opened along tree crown drip Ditch is applied and covered.Second of fertilising imposes once with instant nitrogenousfertilizer for 8 days before the tip is put, and rush autumn growth, which is taken out, sends out more, neat, stalwartness, 1.2 jin of urea plus appropriate biogas slurry fertilizer are applied in strain.Because of strong fruit, put that autumn growth fertilizer requirement is big, and current dose accounts for whole year more than 40%.

4th, bud differentiation fertilizer：After autumn growth is aging, accumulation nutrient could enter bud differentiation, this phase be also fruit increase weight and Color phase, nutrient should be inclined to phosphorus potash fertilizer, therefore should apply 3 high-quality organic fertilizers, and 0.6 jin of 60 kilograms+potassium sulfate of bran water is applied in strain, it is also possible to grass Wood ash is spread fertilizer over the fields, it should be noted that nitrogen fertilizer application and suitable control moisture content are unable to during bud differentiation.Account for annual dose 6%.

5th, heavy dressing base manure：Winter will be entered, should can be combined clear garden before tree crown epiphragma " three keep away " technology is implemented, apply length Organic matter fertilizer is imitated, according to plant situation, every plant can apply composite fertilizer's 0.8 jin+bran cake fertilizer, 3 jin+livestock and poultry, 25 jin of+2 jin of lime of muck, really Protect cake mandarin orange fruit fresh preservation with branches, fruit leaf is survived the winter and coming year high yield lays the foundation.Account for annual dose 20%.

3rd, flower technology and flower and fruit protecting technology are promoted：Orchard management, premised on cultivating healthy and strong tree vigo(u)r.Tree vigo(u)r is energetic, resists Inverse power is strong, it is easier to manages.And the purpose cultivated is to promote nutrient growth to be transferred to reproductive growth, improve the yield and quality.Cause This, every normal tree that bears fruit of growth will take measures on customs clearance, and promote bud differentiation, bloom more, more results, it is excellent to capture high yield Matter.The control of phase yield is abounded with 9000 pounds/acre, more than more than 12000 pounds/acre, is also easy to produce biennial bearing, good year tree vigo(u)r is difficult to extensive It is multiple, or even cause plant yellow or death.

1st, flower technology is promoted：

（1）Inspire a collection of healthy, high-quality autumn growth.It is one of key measure got bumper crops year after year to cultivate excellent bearing basal shoot, and Autumn growth is most excellent bearing basal shoot, and the quality and quantity of autumn growth should reach following requirement：Tree autumn growth of just bearing fruit will reach 220 Bar, to reach 220 into annual bearer autumn growth, length is 22cm or so, and autumn growth robust growth, no disease pest causes harm, before the winter is entered It is fully aging.

（2）Applying organic manure, phosphorus potash fertilizer and control fertilizer water, promote bud differentiation.After autumn growth, which turns green, to be enriched, start to accumulate Nutrient, fertilizer water should be suitably controlled, prevent from sprouting the winter tip, in order to avoid consumption tree nutrient.Winter controls water, can improve resin concentration, promotees Enter bud differentiation.

（3）The thing that sprays promotees flower.Paclobutrazol promotees flower, during annual bud differentiation, i.e., by the end of September to October, it is necessary to take and arrange Apply, prevent the winter tip from sprouting and promote bud differentiation, be the key of perpendicular year fruit tree high yield.At present, 500 times of liquid are diluted with paclobutrazol to promote Flower, in fine day afternoon or cloudy day spraying.Pay attention to squirting blade back blade face, sprayed again once every 16 days or so.

（4）Girdling promotees flower technology.The too energetic fruit tree of growth or flower over the years measure few fruit tree, can carry out girdling.Girdling can Prevent tree nutrient from flowing down, tree top is accumulated nutrient, improve resin concentration, promote bud differentiation.Girdling regards weather condition, can Carried out October to mid-November.From 3 ring broach, 1/3 enclosed in trunk or major branch girdling one, depth to cortex is without hindering Xylem is advisable, and rich water quality management is paid attention to after girdling, not spray the strong agricultural chemicals such as lime sulfur, prevent from falling leaves.

2nd, the reason for shedding and flower and fruit protecting technology：

（1）The reason for fruit drop：1. physiological fallen fruit, main to occur twice, first time physiological fallen fruit is to spend latter two weeks thanking, The current physiological fallen fruit time is short, and shedding quantity is few, only accounts for 6% or so of young fruit amount, and second of physiological fallen fruit, which appears in, thanks to flower 45 days or so afterwards, shedding amount was big, accounted for the 85% of young fruit amount, if not paying attention to fruit retention during this period, young fruit almost all falls light, because This, fruit retention emphasis should be placed on second of physiological fallen fruit period.2. it is malnutritive, easily into flower, if but nutrition do not catch up with, can lead Cause floral organ of poor quality, often appear in and largely come off during blooming.3. endogenous hormones are lacked of proper care.Cause to fall 4. taking out and sending out summer shoot a large amount of Fruit.5. florescence meets low temperature, wet weather or temperature is too high can all cause a large amount of sheddings.6. orchard accumulated water is serious, coring, which goes rotten, to be caused Fruit drop.

（2）Flower and fruit protecting technology：1. spray foliar fertilizer flower and fruit protecting：To spring tip bud stage before blooming, boron, zinc, magnesium can be selected Trace element, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are respectively sprayed 4 times with 0.3% concentration.With reference to foliage top dressing, potassium high calcium foliar fertilizer can be increased From green prosperous series, will letter series, lion horse series foliar fertilizer.2. strong flower and fruit is carried out using hormone.Gibberellin fruit retention, it is nothing The fruit setting agent of core kind special efficacy, fruit setting are critically important.Use best period and application method：Thank after spending 85%, to a week Spray, method is each gram of pulvis gibberellin plus water 105 jin, a traditional unit of weight+brassin 481+ boric acid 0.2%, every second of spray in 22 days：It is each Gram plus water 85 jin, a traditional unit of weight+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%+ amino acidses.2nd, 4-D fruit retentions：In second of physiological fallen fruit phase, 5- can be sprayed Every gram of 8ppm2,4-D is watered 450 jin+foliar fertilizer and carries out fruit retention, improves percentage of fertile fruit.3. girdling fruit retention：In the feasible girdling of prosperous tree protect Fruit.When physiological fallen fruit phase first time, girdling major branch cortex half-turn, percentage of fertile fruit was regarded every 28 days or so and weather condition is carried out second Girdling.

4th, pruning technique is simplified：With the trend of Development of Fruit Industry, advocating reduces cost of labor, promotes and simplifies trimming Technology, as long as solving the ventilation and penetrating light in orchard, three-dimensional result is kept, reach high yield, stable yields, mesh that is high-quality and extending the life-span of bearing fruit 's.It is as follows to simplify pruning technique：

1st, the trimming in closed orchard：Row and row it is overstocked should intermediate cutting row, strain and strain is overstocked answers intermediate cutting strain, it is overstocked in strain to answer " Kaitian Window " saws bough, ensures whole garden tree crown ventilation and penetrating light.

2nd, winter pruning：Branch bearing capacity is very strong, and interior thorax branch can also bear fruit, and can not arbitrarily cut interior thorax branch during trimming Remove, should retain as far as possible, winter pruning mainly wipes out withered branch, overlapping branch, without leaf branch and sick branch.

3rd, growth period trims：According to growing state, spring removed prosperous nutrition branch, summer bud picking control shoot, pinching or it is short cut, Autumn wipes out the branch of excessive growth and removes the pruning techniques such as overstocked branch.

5th, cake mandarin orange tree crown epiphragma " three keep away " technology：Annual winter, cold damage or frost occurred for the county, and difference is caused to fruit Degree causes harm, and keeps away technology using " tree crown epiphragma " three before surviving the winter, effectively avoids the adverse weathers such as sleet, freeze injury, hail to fruit Cause damage in fact, while the harm to fruit such as effectively preventing rain stain, dust, lichens, be advantageous to fruit color, use agriculture less Medicine, extend the market supply phase, increase benefit.Tree crown epiphragma " three keep away " technical operation is as follows：

1st, prepare before epiphragma：Vertical good stake fixes bow member, gets film, plastic ties etc. ready.

2nd, the selection of film：From the awning film of new production, most handy anti-ageing film, thickness is 0.05~0.08 centimetre, width Wide 5-15 rice.Change within every 3-4 years a film.

3rd, insect pest preventing and controlling before epiphragma：Carry out once within 3-4 days before epiphragma comprehensive disease pest prevention.Often added from long-acting acaricide Wide-spectrum bactericide is used in mixed way, and uniformly, is thoroughly sprayed.

4th, tectorial membrane time：Cake mandarin orange is most preferably in mid or late November epiphragma.

5th, epiphragma method or mode：The epiphragma mode of orchard worker is according to respective economic condition, seeds, the age of tree, orchard physical features, frame material Different Deng different, conventional has following several ways：

Direct film covering type：By film along row to directly overlaying on tree crown, both sides rope, the tree of another row is fixed on On dry.It is usually used in the orchard of treelet or the old orchard that tree crown is tall and big.Advantage：Economic simple labor and material saving.Shortcoming：Top branches and leaves are easy Fracture, autumn growth is scalded dead or burns out and be close to the fruit of film during high temperature, and film is easily punctured, not wind resistance.

Inverted V-shaped frame：Along row in the ranks every a vertical long column of distance, highly be higher by the top of tree crown 20 centimetres with On, in the strip bamboo of intercolumniation frame one or a long iron wire is drawn, by membrane cover on frame, both sides drawstring is fixed, and film is formed inverted V-shaped.It is conventional In the shorter and smaller fruit tree of tree crown.

Inverted U-shaped arched type, a stake being played the both sides of fruit tree is each, selects a long bamboo chip, encircle into inverted U-shaped, both ends are strapped in In stake, then the epiphragma on frame.Advantage：Fruit and branches and leaves, than stronger, wind resistance are not hindered.Shortcoming：Fei Cai, take a lot of work.

Arch shed type：Identical with the green house of vegetables of routine, a line or two row fruit trees enter a canopy, the length of canopy according to row length and It is fixed.Advantage：Quite firmly, wind resistance snow, can not only take shelter from rain, moreover it is possible to be incubated.Shortcoming：Take a lot of work material, it is tall and big not to be suitable for tree crown Old orchard.

6th, the management after epiphragma：Strengthen checking：Particularly after strong wind and before rainwater arriving, check whether film is blown Turn over, scratch, tear, repairing in time, fix.It is sun-proof to take off film：, will in the high sun day of temperature using direct film mulching method It is sun-proof to take off film ventilation.The first month after epiphragma, it is high to meet temperature, pays attention to inspection red spider, when reaching index for control medication prevent Control.In the frost phase, tree crown is shorter and physical features is flat orchard, it is possible to being attacked by frost after epiphragma, also to use Conventional frost prevention method.

6th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Cake mandarin orange production period primary pest has wood louse, aleyrodid, leaf miner, aphid, swallowtail butterfly, acarid etc.； Disease has yellow twig, anthracnose, decline disease, shot hole, nematodiasis etc..Control principle is " relying mainly on prevention, integrated control ".Promote Trap lamp, insect-attracting board, gyplure etc. " three lure " environment protective plant protecting prevents and treats pest and disease damage technology.

Claims (2)

1. A kind of 1. plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree, it is characterised in that：

   1）Improved soil structure：Expand cave to improve the soil, at tree crown outer ring bottom, trench digging applies humic fertileizer, basal dressing；Cultivation and banking, Tilly are used Rate and absorptivity, promote root system development, 6 centimetres of thickness of earthing up；Weeding in circle, circle is outer to grow grass；Dig trenches to drain the water away, enclose outer draw One gutter；

   2）Fertilising and top dressing：Root applies bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer before rudiment；Thank and guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers is applied after spending, 1 kilogram to fertilize of strain；Autumn Tip fruit-promoting fertilizer, autumn pretty preceding 30 kilograms of organic fertilizer；

   3）Promote flower：Mainly promote the sharp tip, stay tip strain up to 350；Spray promotees flower liquid, and paclobutrazol dilution was sprayed before winter；Ring Rush bud differentiation is cut, half-turn is cut in main tree trunk ring circle.
2. 2. according to a kind of plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

   1）Fruit tree, which blooms, to pass the winter and/or very few all needs fruit retention：By spraying foliar fertilizer fruit retention, gibberellin fruit retention is sprayed；Two secondary rings Cut fruit retention；Fruit retention is trimmed, point closed trimming, cutting back, growth period trimming；

   2）Tree crown epiphragma, three keep away technology, and epiphragma will take off film by weather requirement；

   3）Pest control, preventing and treating pest and disease damage technology is combined with trap lamp, insect-attracting board, gyplure；

   4）Bagging fruit retention after the long fruit of fruit tree.