CN104350914A - Early-spring transplantation and seedling protection method for facility-grafted jujube seedlings - Google Patents
Early-spring transplantation and seedling protection method for facility-grafted jujube seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an early-spring transplantation and seedling protection method for facility-grafted jujube seedlings and belongs to the technical field of plant seedling cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: disinfection and sterilization, root system awaking, root and head protecting, planting pit fertilizing, seedling planting and temperature control management. Compared with the prior art, the survival rate of the seedlings treated with the method is increased by 15.38 percent when compared with that of seedlings treated with the conventional planting seedling protection technology, and jujube trees can germinate 5-10 days in advance. The jujube seedlings are transplanted before the germination stage, and various technical measures are combined for seedling protection. The germination rate of the jujube seedlings is advanced and promoted, and the survival rate of the jujube seedlings is ensured and increased. The established practice that the survival rate is too low due to untimely jujube tree transplantation in spring is broken down, and the method lays a foundation for thriving of facility early-spring jujube seedlings. The method can be widely applied to planting seedling protection of seedlings of fruit trees and woods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant seedling technical field of cultivation, relate to engration seedling and transplant technology of keeping a full stand of seedings, relate to a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling particularly and transplant method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring.
Background technology
Traditional jujube tree seedling is transplanted and is often caused a large amount of nursery stock dehydration to damage, and causes survival rate not high, occurs dead seedling, is short of seedling after field planting, grow the phenomenons such as unhealthy and strong.Along with the accumulation of practical experience and the development of modern agriculture science and technology, the method that jujube tree seedling is transplanted reaches its maturity.
The general key element of existing jujube tree seedling implantation technique comprises: (1) select the soil be suitable for, illumination abundance, fertile soil, deep, the well-drained neutrality of soil layer, acid soil grow best, avoid and to glue at soil that resetting pours water on bad, to have ponding heavy soil plants; (2) select healthy and strong breeding nursery stock, stock grafting position is low, and grafting part above 10cm place rugosity reaches more than 1cm, and newborn root system enriches, and fibrous root is more, and seedling is dry healthy and strong upright, without jujube witches broom and other damage by disease and insect; (3) keep nursery stock adequate water, plant percent and moisture loss Degree of Accord Relation tight, for keeping nursery stock moisture sufficient, after lifting, timely sparse branching is done surely, limit lifting, limit bundling, covers in time, moist keeping measures is carried out in transportation, reduce moisture evaporation as far as possible, in a planned way adjust seedling, lifting, fortune seedling simultaneously, shorten the nursery stock resting period as far as possible, nursery stock is avoided to transport for long-distance, if find root rhicnosis contracting dehydration, more than 24h should be soaked, after jujube seedling to be drained off supplies moisture with clear water in time, plant again, effectively can improve plant percent; (4) ensure intact seedling root, before transplanting, nursery lot is filled with permeable 1 time by 5d, makes nursery stock suction moisture, is both convenient to lifting, reduce again the damage to root system.Cut off rotten before cultivation, split root, long root system, reduces wound area as far as possible, and clip is wanted downwards, in order to wound healing and the new root of generation, (5) determine that the best is planted the time, although spring and autumn all can be planted, but because of jujube tree take root, germinate require temperature higher, and jujube tree germinates evening, do not advocate the autumn in actual production and plant, based on spring cultivation, under equal conditions, budding period in spring transplants, and survival rate is very high, and now resin flows, tree body starts growth, injured root system easily recovers regeneration, and underground part nutrients help is transported to overground part in time, is easy to survive, if spring plants too early, trunk meeting dehydration is too much, and root system is difficult to supplement, and impact survives, (6) reasonable employment plant growth regulator, with root-inducing powder regulating plant metabolism degree, inducing adventitious root is formed, and promotes root system development, seedling-slowing stage can be shortened, improve survival rate, soak 24h with content 100mg/kg root-inducing powder before planting, or 200mg/kg root-inducing powder soaks 4 ~ 8h, taking advantage of after taking-up wets beats mud with high-quality ash, potassium in ash can improve the resistance of root, activates the activity of some enzyme in root, thus is conducive to taking root, (7) paying attention fertilization type and fertilizing amount, field planting then, jujube tree is little to fertilizer demand amount, generally can apply farmyard manure 3 ~ 5kg/ strain before cultivation, and stir with the mellow soil of backfill, directly urea can't be executed in hole, freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement or fresh night soil, the root system in order to avoid burn, also a millet can be put in the tree well dug in advance, because can common jujube root be held on to after millet germinates in tree well, reduce trunk shake, be conducive to new root to grow, in addition, the nutrition that jujube tree new root is grown also is can be used as after rice sprout rots, improve jujube tree survival rate, (8) correctly to plant nursery stock, plant in nonirrigated farmland, tree well should not dig too early, excessive, the degree of depth of planting is suitable, generally should be darker than former position, be advisable to bury grafting part, planted dark, tree vigo(u)r is not prosperous, planted shallow, then easily lodge and wither dry, and grafting part exposes, stock easily sprouts newborn branch, increase except sprouting workload, simultaneously easy consumption tree to be recuperated point and moisture, root system should be unfolded when planting, not nest root, found the soil inserted directly and show soil or be mixed with farmyard manure, again trunk is gently carried several under, soil and root system are touched, and with banketing with after treading with foot-operated layering and pouring water, cover one deck above again to loosen the soil.With good conditionsi, surrounding can be coiled in tree and cover 80 ~ 100cm
2mulch film, with accumulation of heat soil moisture conservation, improves ground temperature, promotes root system healing, (9) Rational Determination is done, and after lifting, needs surely to do in time, wipes out all Secondary Branchs, and with the consumption of the evaporation and nutriment that reduce tree body moisture, heading height according to irrigation conditions, will water water condition good, heading height 60 ~ 70cm, water water condition general, heading height 40 ~ 50cm, water water condition difference, heading height 20 ~ 30cm, clip must be level and smooth slightly oblique, and clip is apart from general about the 1cm in bud position, and excessive clip should apply oil, wax, seal, (10) carry out Tending measures in good time, strengthen new nursery stock tending management of planting to work, weed with a hoe in time, eliminate weeds to save nutrient, the new root of germination stimulation, strengthen tree body drought-resistant ability, field planting treelet management is then divided into early stage and two periods of later stage, treelet prophase management loosens the soil in time, weeding, water drainage, drought resisting, bud picking, pinching, promote that nursery stock recovers vigorous growth, final-period management should control rich water, rational pruning, control young sprout extends, regulate trunk infusion, reduce disease, promote that trunk constantly increases thick and lignification, for treelet safe overwintering creates good conditions, (11) stop tree dish, because jujube tree germinates late, early, branch is sparse, and vegetative period in year is short for fallen leaves, rationally can interplant the short bar crops such as beans, peanut, comfort with cultivated generation, very favourable to sapling up-growth, also can raise short-long simultaneously, increase orchard economic benefit, but tree dish must be stopped, about 100 ~ 150cm, if tree dish is little, interculture and jujube seedling fight for moisture mutually, the jujube seedling that root system does not recover completely because of absorption function weak, growth can be affected, simultaneously because ventilation and penetrating light in crop is poor, easily cause vexed seedling, unfavorable Survival rate of nursery stock.
Existing jujube tree seedling implantation technique requires to transplant in the budding period in spring to improve survival rate, now resin flowing, tree body starts growth, injured root regeneration regeneration meeting demand large quantity of moisture and nutrition, just desirably bottom nutrition and Water Transportation to overground part, but in order to root system of not burning applies a small amount of farmyard manure when transplanting, add jujube tree root system less, so that the moisture of jujube tree normal development growth and condition of the injury recovery and nutrient requirement amount are greater than jujube tree root supply, and jujube tree seedling lacks nutriment at bud open season, generation seedling is dead, bud is withered, the phenomenons such as blastogenesis length is unhealthy and strong, therefore, although existing method improves the possibility survived at transplanting time, but jujube tree subsequent growth can be caused to grow unhealthy and strong phenomenon occur.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling is provided to transplant method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, compared with prior art, the present invention transplants before the jujube tree seedling budding period, keep a full stand of seedings in conjunction with multiple technologies measure, both ensured and improve survival rate, and being advanced by again the germinating time of jujube tree seedling, having broken the established practice causing survival rate too low because spring transplants jujube tree too early.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Facility grafting jujube seedling transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, comprises following concrete steps:
(1) sterilization process: after thawing early spring, makes liquid by after the volume ratio mixing of 3:2, process soil, liquid consumption 0.4 ~ 0.6kg/m with 5% copperas solution and clarification limewash
2, get Rational Determination do after jujube tree seedling soak root and sheared edge 15 ~ 25min with 1.5 ~ 2.5% liquor potassic permanganates;
(2) waken root system process: after being taken out from potassium permanganate liquid by jujube tree seedling, with high-voltage electrostatic field process 30 ~ 45min that intensity is 20KV/cm, root immerses and wakens 8 ~ 10h in liquid, root and sheared edge are immersed clear water dilute 1 times after waken 12 ~ 24h in liquid, root immerses clear water 3 ~ 5 days, and the described liquid that wakens is: EM bacterium stoste 1ml/L+GA
3400mg/L+6-BA40mg/L;
(3) Bao Genbao head: with 100mg/kg root-inducing powder leaching 10 ~ 12h before transplanting, field planting jujube tree seedling clip is dipped sealing in wax, root is dipped in the sposh water containing starch grafted acrylate and ash, root is entangled subsequently with large plastic sack, tighten, 3 ~ 5 apertures pricked by plastic sack, loads in Nylon Bag, then transport field planting ground to;
(4) planting pit fertilising: dig length and width along greenhouse south-north direction, be deeply the bar shaped cave of 80cm, the maize straw that 15cm is thick is put in cave, stalk is put one deck soil, below field planting tree, put into the base fertilizer of 5kg ~ 8kg again, described base fertilizer is: the chicken manure 4 ~ 7kg become thoroughly decomposed, bentonite 0.5 ~ 0.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 ~ 0.4kg, ammonium molybdate 0.01 ~ 0.05kg, root-inducing powder 0.01 ~ 0.025kg, EM bacterium stoste 1 ~ 3ml, brown sugar 0.002 ~ 0.005kg, water 0.2 ~ 0.3kg;
(5) planting seedlings: when planting, nursery stock is put into planting pit, all around aligns, bury soil to hole 2/3 time, seedling upwards being mentioned gently, unfolds root system, so that root system and soil touch, to tread with foot-operated layering with banketing.Then with subsoil, hole envelope is put down, and do a water channel, Limit irrigation, after oozing, cover 80cm in tree dish surrounding under water
2unregistered land film, with accumulation of heat soil moisture conservation, improves ground temperature, promotes root system healing;
(6) temperature control management: take lid heat holding curtain on daytime, take off the mode of heat holding curtain evening, in control device, room temperature is at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, and ground temperature is at 10 ~ 12 DEG C, hide and change lid sunshade net after 12 days, sunshade between 10:00 ~ 16:00 in the morning, take down sunshade net after 10 days, at this moment jujube tree all germinates.
Described starch grafted acrylate is water-loss reducer.
The starch grafted acrylate quality contained in described sposh water is 0.2 ~ 0.4% of sposh water, and ash quality is 4 ~ 8% of sposh water.
Described plastic sack aperture can use toothpick to prick hole.
Described maize straw is the strand shape maize straw of length 3 ~ 4mm, and its water content is 15 ~ 20%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: (1) compared with prior art, adopts transplanting of the present invention technology of keeping a full stand of seedings to improve 15.38% than the survival rate of common field planting technology, and is advanced by the germinating time 5-10 days of jujube tree; (2) the present invention transplants before the jujube tree seedling budding period, keep a full stand of seedings in conjunction with multiple technologies measure, both shifted to an earlier date and facilitated the germination rate of jujube tree seedling, ensure again and improve the survival rate of jujube seedling, break the established practice causing survival rate too low because spring transplants jujube tree too early, laid a good foundation for facility jujube tree in early spring seedling grows vigorously; (3) the field planting that the present invention can be widely used in the seedling such as fruit tree, forest is kept a full stand of seedings.
Embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of facility grafting jujube seedling transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, comprises following concrete steps:
(1) sterilization process: after thawing early spring, makes liquid by after the volume ratio mixing of 3:2, process soil, liquid consumption 0.5kg/m with 5% copperas solution and clarification limewash
2, get Rational Determination do after jujube tree seedling soak root and sheared edge 20min with 2% liquor potassic permanganate;
(2) waken root system process: after being taken out from potassium permanganate liquid by jujube tree seedling, with the high-voltage electrostatic field process 35min that intensity is 20KV/cm, root immerses and wakens 8h in liquid, root and sheared edge are immersed clear water dilute 1 times after waken 24h in liquid, root immerses clear water 4 days, and the described liquid that wakens is: EM bacterium stoste 1ml/L+GA
3400mg/L+6-BA40mg/L;
(3) Bao Genbao head: with 100mg/kg root-inducing powder leaching 12h before transplanting, field planting jujube tree seedling clip is dipped sealing in wax, root is dipped in the sposh water containing starch grafted acrylate and ash, root is entangled subsequently with large plastic sack, tighten, plastic sack is pricked 4 apertures, loads in Nylon Bag, then transport field planting ground to;
(4) planting pit fertilising: dig length and width along greenhouse south-north direction, be deeply the bar shaped cave of 80cm, the maize straw that 15cm is thick is put in cave, stalk is put one deck soil, below field planting tree, put into the base fertilizer of 6.2kg again, described base fertilizer is: the chicken manure 5kg become thoroughly decomposed, bentonite 0.6kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3kg, ammonium molybdate 0.03kg, root-inducing powder 0.015kg, EM bacterium stoste 2ml, brown sugar 0.003kg, water 0.25kg;
(5) planting seedlings: when planting, nursery stock is put into planting pit, all around aligns, bury soil to hole 2/3 time, seedling upwards being mentioned gently, unfolds root system, so that root system and soil touch, to tread with foot-operated layering with banketing.Then with subsoil, hole envelope is put down, and do a water channel, Limit irrigation, after oozing, cover 80cm in tree dish surrounding under water
2unregistered land film, with accumulation of heat soil moisture conservation, improves ground temperature, promotes root system healing;
(6) temperature control management: take lid heat holding curtain on daytime, take off the mode of heat holding curtain evening, in control device, room temperature is at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, and ground temperature is at 10 ~ 12 DEG C, hide and change lid sunshade net after 12 days, sunshade between 10:00 ~ 16:00 in the morning, take down sunshade net after 10 days, at this moment jujube tree all germinates.
Above-described embodiment is preferred embodiment, and be further illustrating of making the present invention, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to above-described embodiment, all technology realized based on foregoing all belong to scope of the present invention.
Experimental example
By common budding period in spring transplanting method group as a comparison, the transplanting of the present invention adopted with embodiment method of keeping a full stand of seedings is tested.
Test finds, adopts transplanting of the present invention method survival rate of keeping a full stand of seedings to be 92.78%, common field planting method survival rate 77.40%, adopts transplanting of the present invention method survival rate of keeping a full stand of seedings to improve 15.38%, and is advanced by the germinating time 5 ~ 10 days of jujube tree.
Claims (4)
1. facility grafting jujube seedling transplants a method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, it is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
(1) sterilization process: after thawing early spring, makes liquid by after the volume ratio mixing of 3:2, process soil, liquid consumption 0.4 ~ 0.6kg/m with 5% copperas solution and clarification limewash
2, get Rational Determination do after jujube tree seedling soak root and sheared edge 15 ~ 25min with 1.5 ~ 2.5% liquor potassic permanganates;
(2) waken root system process: after being taken out from potassium permanganate liquid by jujube tree seedling, with high-voltage electrostatic field process 30 ~ 45min that intensity is 20KV/cm, root immerses and wakens 8 ~ 10h in liquid, root and sheared edge are immersed clear water dilute 1 times after waken 12 ~ 24h in liquid, root immerses clear water 3 ~ 5 days, and the described liquid that wakens is: EM bacterium stoste 1ml/L+GA
3400mg/L+6-BA40mg/L;
(3) Bao Genbao head: with 100mg/kg root-inducing powder leaching 10 ~ 12h before transplanting, field planting jujube tree seedling clip is dipped sealing in wax, root is dipped in the sposh water containing starch grafted acrylate and ash, root is entangled subsequently with large plastic sack, tighten, 3 ~ 5 apertures pricked by plastic sack, loads in Nylon Bag, then transport field planting ground to;
(4) planting pit fertilising: dig length and width along greenhouse south-north direction, be deeply the bar shaped cave of 80cm, the maize straw that 15cm is thick is put in cave, stalk is put one deck soil, below field planting tree, put into the base fertilizer of 5kg ~ 8kg again, described base fertilizer is: the chicken manure 4 ~ 7kg become thoroughly decomposed, bentonite 0.5 ~ 0.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 ~ 0.4kg, ammonium molybdate 0.01 ~ 0.05kg, root-inducing powder 0.01 ~ 0.025kg, EM bacterium stoste 1 ~ 3ml, brown sugar 0.002 ~ 0.005kg, water 0.2 ~ 0.3kg;
(5) planting seedlings: when planting, nursery stock is put into planting pit, all around aligns, bury soil to hole 2/3 time, seedling upwards being mentioned gently, unfolds root system, so that root system and soil touch, to tread with foot-operated layering with banketing.Then with subsoil, hole envelope is put down, and do a water channel, Limit irrigation, after oozing, cover 80cm in tree dish surrounding under water
2unregistered land film, with accumulation of heat soil moisture conservation, improves ground temperature, promotes root system healing;
(6) temperature control management: take lid heat holding curtain on daytime, take off the mode of heat holding curtain evening, in control device, room temperature is at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, and ground temperature is at 10 ~ 12 DEG C, hide and change lid sunshade net after 12 days, sunshade between 10:00 ~ 16:00 in the morning, take down sunshade net after 10 days, at this moment jujube tree all germinates.
2. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling as claimed in claim 1 transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, it is characterized in that: the starch grafted acrylate quality contained in described sposh water is 0.2 ~ 0.4% of sposh water, ash quality is 4 ~ 8% of sposh water, and described starch grafted acrylate is water-loss reducer.
3. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling as claimed in claim 1 transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, it is characterized in that: described plastic sack aperture can use toothpick to prick hole.
4. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling as claimed in claim 1 transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings early spring, it is characterized in that: described maize straw is the strand shape maize straw of length 3 ~ 4mm, and its water content is 15 ~ 20%.
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2014
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| CN104737751A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-01 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for transplanting stipa glareosa strain clump |
| CN105145281A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-16 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Lemon stock seedling transplanting method for increasing survival rate and reducing cost |
| CN105145281B (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2018-03-06 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of raising survival rate simultaneously reduces the lemon stock method for transplanting of cost |
| CN107197762A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-26 | 余启佳 | A kind of celery diseases prevention soilless planting method |
| CN107148893A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-12 | 余启佳 | A kind of English walnut implantation method |
| CN107155856A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-15 | 余启佳 | A kind of cauliflower diseases prevention soilless planting method |
| CN107173199A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-19 | 余启佳 | A kind of crowndaisy chrysanthemum diseases prevention soilless planting method |
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| CN107173169A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-19 | 余启佳 | A kind of Transplant of Betula Platyphylla method |
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| CN107182702A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-22 | 余启佳 | A kind of Quercus acutissima implantation method |
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| CN107155807A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-15 | 余启佳 | A kind of beech tree implantation method |
| CN107295949A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-10-27 | 余启佳 | A kind of banyan implantation method |
| CN107258470A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-10-20 | 余启佳 | A kind of aphananthe aspera implantation method |
| CN107306755A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-03 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese ilex implantation method |
| CN107306756A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-03 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of guava implantation method |
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| CN107211834A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-29 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of schefflera implantation method |
| CN107211806A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-29 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of silvery birch implantation method |
| CN107182706A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-22 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of smoke tree implantation method |
| CN107182707A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-22 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of katsura tree implantation method |
| CN107211835A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-29 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of sterculia nobilis's implantation method |
| CN107318586A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of paper mulberry implantation method |
| CN107318587A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese littleleaf box implantation method |
| CN107318585A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of eucalyptus robusta implantation method |
| CN107182708A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-22 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese ash implantation method |
| CN107182700A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-22 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of three-bristle cudrania tree implantation method |
| CN109005984A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-18 | 吴亚琴 | A kind of oil-tea sprout with grafting survives agent and preparation method thereof with environmental protection |
| CN110338019A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-18 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of potato planting method using degradable mulch |
| CN113367018A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-10 | 河南农业大学 | Method for rapidly and efficiently improving survival rate of nursery stock afforestation |
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