CN107488918B - 一种防电弧面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防电弧面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guaifenesin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)CO HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAIXKCDRRZNGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].OCC(O)CO Chemical compound [O].OCC(O)CO SAIXKCDRRZNGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
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- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
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- D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
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- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
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- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
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- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
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- D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
- D06M13/2246—Esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
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- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
- D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防电弧面料的制备方法，其包括步骤：(a)按重量计，将1份间位芳纶、0.05～0.2份对位芳纶、0.05～0.1份非离子表面活性剂、0.05～0.5份卤盐和3～10份有机溶剂进行混合并打浆，搅拌配制纺丝溶液，然后将所述纺丝溶液通过湿法纺丝或静电纺丝制得芳纶纤维；(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为30～90wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维。所述方法制得的防电弧面料具有永久阻燃防护性、舒适性高、力学性能好并可有效防止静电产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防护面料技术领域，具体涉及一种防电弧面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
当电流经过未接地的导体之间或经过未接地导体与接地导体之间的空气时，温度会达到19426℃，高温会直接烧伤皮肤或引燃服装。同时高温还会引起环境中气体和金属的***性扩张，由此会产生强大的作用力、噪声、金属碎片或熔融液滴。金属熔融液滴的喷射速度超过1600km/h，足以渗透到人体。其中，电弧所引起的对人体的危害主要是热伤害，可以看到大部分工人没有进行适当的手部和面部防护，同时尽管躯干部分的烧伤频率相对较低，但这些烧伤可能带来致命的危害。
降低电弧对人身伤害的防电弧产品主要有防电弧服。防电弧服的种类很多，各种材料的都有，不同材料的防电弧服的作用原理虽然不尽相同，但是其基本原理是一样的，即，防电弧服之所以能对电弧伤害有很好的防护效果，主要源于防电弧服是采用高科技的材料制成。该材料具有：耐热、阻燃、不助燃、不熔融和H级电绝缘等永久性的防火、绝缘等特点，通过外在的服装来阻隔电弧燃烧产生的巨大能量，以达到保护人身的目的。具体来说，不同类型的防电弧产品的作用原理可以分为以下几类：
第一，纤维性的防电弧产品，如阻燃处理棉织物、涤棉织物。它主要是利用纤维能够阻止电弧燃烧处理过程来实现对电弧的阻燃。同时，这是由于纤维性产品的这个特点，所以在日常应用中随着洗涤次数的增加，这类产品的防电弧效果会逐渐的退化。
第二，芳纶织物，常见产品的主要成分包括对位芳纶(聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)和/或间位芳纶(聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)。这种防护产品主要是运用利用这种产品本身在遇到强大的热量的时候，自身会发生膨胀，厚度会随着增加，这样的话就会在热源和人的身体之间形成一种厚厚的保护屏障。更为重要的是，膨胀增厚之后的防护服不会变得厚重、僵硬，它会保持柔软，一直到热量冷却，这样就为工作人员提供了充分的时间离开现场，以保护自己。
尽管已有很多性能优异的芳纶织物，但是由于芳纶纤维本身舒适度和透气性不高，且容易产生静电，如何进一步提升芳纶织物的阻燃性、舒适性以及抗静电性一直是防护服领域研究的重点。
另外，目前为止芳纶纤维的良溶剂非常少，对位芳纶纤维只溶于浓度90％以上的浓硫酸，使用湿法纺丝对设备以及安全防护要求较高；间位芳纶纤维则只溶于少数含卤化盐的溶解体系中，而且间位芳纶受本体结构的限制，不存在熔点，在熔融以前就已分解，因而其纤维制备工艺是十分有限，目前其制备工艺主要有干法纺丝、湿法纺丝和干喷湿纺法三种，比如中国专利CN201010166400.1(公开号CN101838888A)和CN2014100619 70.2(公开号CN103806221A)中公开有关于间位芳纶的静电纺丝工艺。而由于对位芳纶和间位芳纶混溶较为困难，还未有对位芳纶和间位芳纶混溶后进行共纺丝这方面的文献报道。
发明内容
本申请人一直致力于防电弧服及其材料的研究，本发明的目的在于提供一种防电弧面料的制备方法，以制备具有永久阻燃防护性、舒适性高、力学性能好并可有效防止静电产生的防电弧面料。
本发明的防电弧面料的制备方法包括步骤：
(a)按重量计，将1份间位芳纶、0.05～0.2份对位芳纶、0.05～0.1份非离子表面活性剂、0.05～0.5份卤盐和3～10份有机溶剂进行混合并打浆，搅拌配制纺丝溶液，然后将所述纺丝溶液通过湿法纺丝或静电纺丝制得芳纶纤维；所述非离子表面活性剂为聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚，所述的卤盐为氯化锂、氯化钙、溴化锂、溴化钠、溴化钙和溴化钾中的任意一种或几种的混合物，优选氯化钙；所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和丙酮中的任意一种或几种的混合物，优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺；
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为30～90wt％优选50～70wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维。
较佳的，步骤(a)中混合打浆时，间位芳纶为1份，对位芳纶优选为0.08～0.12份更优选0.1份、非离子表面活性剂为0.08～0.1份更优选1份、卤盐为0.08～0.2份更优选1份，有机溶剂为5～7份。
较佳的，步骤(b)制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理，所述防水整理剂可选用全氟烃基丙烯酸酯、脂肪烃三聚氰胺衍生物或有机硅化合物。通过该处理步骤，可进一步提高面料的抗静电性能。
本发明的所述方法的一些较佳实施例的步骤(a)中，所述纺丝溶液通过湿法纺丝制得芳纶纤维，具体过程包括过滤、喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸；其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.75～1:0.4～0.6优选1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为280～320℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
通过本发明的所述方法制备的防电弧面料可用于防护服尤其是防电弧服。较佳的，为满足防电弧服的防护要求，防电弧面料的面密度为200～265g/m2。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明的防电弧面料制备方法中，将间位芳纶、对位芳纶和表面活性剂聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚混溶于离子液体溶解体系(卤盐和有机溶剂)后进行纺丝制得芳纶纤维，然后与兰精热防护纤维进行混纺制得防电弧面料，其中，表面活性剂聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚一方面可促进芳纶在离子液体溶解体系中的溶解，另一方面，不仅在纺丝过程中有效防止静电产生，而且混合在芳纶纤维中，使用过程不易损耗，制成的面料具有永久的抗静电性；而添加对位芳纶可提升面料的力学性能，为避免影响纺丝溶液的混溶效果因此少量添加。
2、本发明的防电弧面料由芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，具有以下优点：一、具有永久防电弧性，服装不会因多次水洗而失效变质；二、具有阻燃隔热性能，其中的芳纶使得面料收到高温时可迅速膨胀变厚，增加热源与人皮肤之间的防护屏障，使灼伤的程度降至最低，而且在高温或火焰中不会熔融、滴落，脱离火源时会自动熄灭，同时兰精热防护纤维可阻隔大部分热量的入侵，进一步降低各种热源透过防护服转移至人体皮肤的速度；三、面料水洗尺寸稳定，芳纶纤维具有优良的耐摩擦和耐化学品性能，经过100次洗涤后，其制成的布料撕破强力仍可以达到原强力的85％以上，在560℃高温下不分解、不熔化、不爆裂；四、兰精热防护纤维还可有效提高面料的吸湿性和舒适性；五、由于聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚的混入，具有永久的抗静电性。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
(a)按重量计，将0.05份溴化锂和0.05份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到3份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.05份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h得到均一稳定溶液；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
实施例2
(a)将0.1份溴化锂和0.1份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到5份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.1份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h得到均一稳定溶液；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
实施例3
(a)将0.1份氯化锂、0.1份溴化钙和0.1份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到7份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.15份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h得到均一稳定溶液；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
实施例4
(a)将0.5份氯化钙和0.1份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到10份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.2份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h得到均一稳定溶液；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
实施例5
(a)将0.1份溴化锂和0.1份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到5份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.1份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h得到均一稳定溶液；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为30wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为70wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
对比例1
(a)将0.1份溴化锂加入到5份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.1份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
对比例2
(a)将0.1份溴化锂和0.1份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到5份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维和0.4份对位芳纶混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
对比例3
(a)将0.1份溴化锂和0.1份聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚加入到5份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)磁力搅拌制备离子液体溶解体系，然后加入1份间位芳纶纤维混合并在5000rpm转速的分散砂磨机中分散打浆5min，80℃下用磁力搅拌器以100rpm的转速搅拌10h得到均一稳定溶液；过滤后在湿法纺丝设备的辅助下依次通过喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸制得芳纶纤维，其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为300℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，兰精热防护纤维含量为50wt％。制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理全氟烃基丙烯酸酯进行处理。
上述实施例1～5中，将间位芳纶、对位芳纶和表面活性剂聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚混溶于离子液体溶解体系(卤盐和有机溶剂)后进行纺丝制得芳纶纤维，然后与兰精热防护纤维进行混纺制得防电弧面料，其中，表面活性剂聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚一方面可促进芳纶在离子液体溶解体系中的溶解，另一方面，不仅在纺丝过程中有效防止静电产生，而且混合在芳纶纤维中，使用过程不易损耗，制成的面料具有永久的抗静电性；而添加对位芳纶可提升面料的力学性能，为避免影响纺丝溶液的混溶效果因此少量添加。
将上述实施例1～5和实施例1～3得到的防电弧面料及其经20次洗涤过后的性能进行测试(测试依据为DL/T320-2010，面料克重为200-290g/m2)。另外对其抗静电性能进行测试，测试方法为在29℃，相对湿度RH90％条件下测定摩擦产生的静电荷。结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1～5的防电弧面料的性能测试结果
表2对比例1～3的防电弧面料的性能测试结果
由表1可知，本发明的防电弧面料，水洗20次以后，仍具有较佳的耐电弧性、断裂强度、撕裂强度、阻燃性和抗静电性，其中尤其是实施例2的效果尤佳。
相比于实施例2，对比例1未添加表面活性剂聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚，对比例2中对位芳纶的量为0.4份超出了较佳的范围，而对比例3未添加对位芳纶，对比例1～3的面料均未能达到防电弧面料标准的要求。其中对比例1和2在混合打浆时，对位芳纶不能很好的混溶，导致混溶后溶液均一性较差，直接影响后续纺丝以及面料的性能，对比例1面料的断裂强度、撕裂强度以及抗静电性能大大降低，对比例2和未添加对位芳纶的对比例3一样，面料的断裂强度和撕裂强度也出现降低。
Claims (9)
1.一种防电弧面料的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括步骤：
(a)按重量计，将1份间位芳纶、0.05～0.2份对位芳纶、0.05～0.1份非离子表面活性剂、0.05～0.5份卤盐和3～10份有机溶剂进行混合并打浆，搅拌配制纺丝溶液，然后将所述纺丝溶液通过湿法纺丝或静电纺丝制得芳纶纤维；所述非离子表面活性剂为聚乙二醇环氧甘油醚，所述的卤盐为氯化锂、氯化钙、溴化锂、溴化钠、溴化钙和溴化钾中的任意一种或几种的混合物，所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜和丙酮中的任意一种或几种的混合物；
(b)将步骤(a)制得的芳纶纤维和兰精热防护纤维通过混合纺纱和织布加工制成面料，其中芳纶纤维含量为30～90wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，混合打浆的间位芳纶为1份，对位芳纶为0.08～0.12份、非离子表面活性剂为0.08～0.1份、卤盐为0.08～0.2份，有机溶剂为5～7份。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(b)制成的面料使用防水整理剂处理。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(b)中，芳纶纤维含量为50～70wt％。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)中，所述的卤盐为氯化钙，所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)中，所述纺丝溶液通过湿法纺丝制得芳纶纤维，具体过程包括过滤、喷头挤出、凝固、沸水拉伸、水洗干燥和热拉伸；其中，凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.75～1:0.4～0.6；沸水拉伸比为1.5～3.5；热拉伸温度为280～320℃，拉伸比为1.5～2.5。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)中，其中凝固所用的凝固浴中重量比H2O:DMAC:CaCl2＝1:0.8:0.5。
8.根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的方法制备的防电弧面料。
9.如权利要求8所述的防电弧面料，其特征在于，其面密度为200～265g/m2。
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| CN102191609A (zh) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-09-21 | 上海中耕纺织服装有限公司 | 新型防电弧阻燃混纺面料 |
| CN103266499A (zh) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-28 | 常熟市宝沣特种纤维有限公司 | 防电弧面料 |
| CN203913517U (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-11-05 | 杭州奥荣科技有限公司 | 一种双层防电弧面料 |
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| CN102191609A (zh) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-09-21 | 上海中耕纺织服装有限公司 | 新型防电弧阻燃混纺面料 |
| CN103266499A (zh) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-28 | 常熟市宝沣特种纤维有限公司 | 防电弧面料 |
| CN203913517U (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-11-05 | 杭州奥荣科技有限公司 | 一种双层防电弧面料 |
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| 防电弧面料的开发与研究;张生辉等;《中国个体防护装备》;20151215(第06期);全文 |
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