CN107449965A - A kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer - Google Patents
A kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107449965A CN107449965A CN201610371437.5A CN201610371437A CN107449965A CN 107449965 A CN107449965 A CN 107449965A CN 201610371437 A CN201610371437 A CN 201610371437A CN 107449965 A CN107449965 A CN 107449965A
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer, including:Feed, calibration body, motor, microwave antenna, turntable driving control module, high-speed figure acquisition system, microwave receiver;Described motor drives microwave antenna to rotate under the control of turntable driving control module, described high-speed figure acquisition system is connected with microwave receiver, turntable driving control module, host computer, communicated by high-speed figure acquisition system with host computer, and after realizing the analog signal refinement spectral resolution to microwave receiver output, digital collection and quantification treatment are carried out in the form of multichannel, obtained data signal is exported to host computer, while controls the operation of turntable driving control module.The present invention is provided the super multi-channel microwave radiometer of ultra wide band, realizes fine spectral coverage microwave radiometer measurement, improve the vertical resolution of atmospheric parameter detection, avoided the deficiency of traditional microwave radiation conventional detection using the basic theory of existing traditional microwave radiometer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave radiometer field, more particularly to a kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
Background technology
Atmospheric temperature and moisture profile are important meteorologic parameters, at present, the spy of generally use in weather service application
Survey method includes:Radiosonde, sounding balloon in-site measurement, Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer and polar orbiting meteorological satellite microwave radiation
Meter.
But the defects of following different is individually present in above-mentioned detection method:Due to radiosonde is bulky, into
This is higher, and needs complicated installation and operation condition, it is necessary to powerful radio radiation, thus can not install with
Densely populated area is operated in, and its spatial resolution and temporal resolution are all relatively low;Balloon in-situ measurement technology can only
Measurement limited in discrete time is carried out, the cost detected for a long time is high, can only typically obtain 1~2 measurement data daily, and
Its release is limited to meteorological condition.Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer has locality and individual difference, and networking is also not implemented at present;And
Satellite-borne microwave/millimeter wave radiometer remote sensing atmosphere parameter, there is global detectivity, particularly in ocean overhead and uninhabited
Land area, but current microwave radiometer is traditional narrowband systems, and channel number is few, is limited to observe geometry, right
Vertical resolution in low latitude is poor, and particularly cloud is blocked and absorbed by force, and air is to the impermeable of millimere-wave band electromagnetic wave
Bright property, satellite remote sensing are very poor for the detection performance in troposphere bottom, boundary layer.
Correspond to the demand of bright temperature to solve observation different frequency passage in broad spectrum, refinement spectral resolution, 2011,
The first public new direction for proposing " microwave EO-1 hyperion " concept, opening microwave radiometer development of Lincoln laboratory, and in 2012
Year develops a kind of airborne type micro-wave EO-1 hyperion microwave radiometer, and frequency is 118.75GHz and 183.31GHz, is refined as respectively
36 passages and 15 passages.In China, space center is directed to steam and oxygen absorption spectral line, develops with a width of 250MHz, frequency
Spectral resolution 15KHz spectrum analyzer, carry out high-speed wideband correlator technical research, obtained certain progress.Beijing Aviation navigates
Its university microwave of same research with realizing a kind of ground formula K-band 18-26GHz totally 80 passages between 2011 to 2013
High spectrum radiometer.But the frequency of the above-mentioned microwave radiometer developed is relatively low, bandwidth is still narrow, spectral resolution is not
Height, so as to cause its measurement accuracy to Atmosphere temp.and RH relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to improve vertical resolution of the microwave radiometer to Atmospheric Survey, it is proposed that one kind tool
The super multichannel satellite-borne microwave radiometer of ultra wide band of standby fine spectrum analysis ability, this satellite-borne microwave radiometer are to possess continuously
The microwave remote sensing system of spectrum channel, detected for the high vertical resolution of microwave Atmosphere temp.and RH, and in narrow big of spectral line
Had a good application prospect in terms of the detection of gas trace gas.
To achieve these goals, a kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer provided by the invention, including:Feed, calibration body, electricity
Machine, microwave antenna, turntable driving control module, high-speed figure acquisition system, microwave receiver;Described motor is scanning
Microwave antenna is driven to rotate under the control of drive control module, described microwave antenna is by scanning air and calibration
Body, the electromagnetic wave signal received is launched to the feed set corresponding thereto, it is defeated that described microwave receiver receives feed
Microwave signal going out, matching with its working frequency, described high-speed figure acquisition system and microwave receiver, turntable driving
Control module, host computer connection, described satellite-borne microwave radiometer are communicated by high-speed figure acquisition system with host computer,
After the high-speed figure acquisition system realizes the analog signal refinement spectral resolution to microwave receiver output, entered in the form of multichannel
Row digital collection and quantification treatment, obtained data signal is exported to host computer, while control turntable driving control module
Operation.
As the further improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described microwave receiver uses working frequency as 50GHz-
70GHz low-frequency range receiver, for atmospheric sounding temperature data;Described low-frequency range receiver is received using superhet system
Machine;The low-frequency range receiver includes:Isolator, waveguide filter, preamplifier, power splitter, local oscillator, frequency mixer,
Main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter and low noise amplifier;
The radiofrequency signal that described isolator receives feed carries out shielding isolation processing, and described waveguide filter will be every
Preliminary filtering selection is carried out from caused waveguide signal, and after the progress signal amplification of passage preamplifier, is divided into by power splitter
Two-way power signal, frequency electromagnetic waves caused by local oscillator and the power are believed by frequency mixer per power signal all the way
Number mixing after produce difference frequency, the difference frequency through transposition 90 degree produce two-way orthogonal signalling, the four a width of 5GHz of road band of formation intermediate frequency
Signal is amplified by main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter and low noise amplifier successively, frequency-selecting and again after enhanced processing, defeated
Enter to high-speed figure acquisition system.
As the further improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described high-speed figure acquisition system is with different frequency range by each road band
A width of 5GHz intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into 50 passages and exported;The bandwidth of all passages is 100MHz.
As the further improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described microwave receiver use working frequency for 183.31 ±
8GHz high band receiver, for atmospheric sounding humidity data;Described high band receiver is received using superhet system
Machine;The high band receiver includes:Isolator, waveguide filter, preamplifier, power splitter, local oscillator, frequency mixer,
Main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter, low noise amplifier;
The radiofrequency signal that described isolator receives feed carries out shielding isolation processing, and described waveguide filter will be every
Preliminary filtering selection is carried out from caused waveguide signal, and after the progress signal amplification of passage preamplifier, is divided into by power splitter
Two-way power signal, frequency electromagnetic waves caused by local oscillator and the power are believed by frequency mixer per power signal all the way
Difference frequency is produced after number mixing, and a width of 8GHz of two-way band of formation intermediate-freuqncy signal is successively by main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filtering
Device and low noise amplifier are amplified, frequency-selecting and again after enhanced processing, are inputted to high-speed figure acquisition system.
As the further improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described high-speed figure acquisition system is with different frequency range by each road band
A width of 8GHz intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into 80 passages and exported;The bandwidth of all passages is 100MHz.
As the further improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described microwave antenna includes level crossing and parabolic reflector
Device, described level crossing reflex to throwing by scanning air and calibration body, by the electromagnetic wave signal received in the form of plane wave
Parabolic reflector, described paraboloid is by plane wave secondary reflection to feed.
A kind of the advantages of satellite-borne microwave radiometer of the present invention, is:
The present invention utilizes the basic theory of existing traditional microwave radiometer, provides the super multi-channel microwave radiometer of ultra wide band,
Fine spectral coverage microwave radiometer measurement is realized, the vertical resolution of atmospheric parameter detection is improved, avoids traditional microwave radiation
The deficiency of conventional detection.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of satellite-borne microwave radiometer in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the low-frequency range receiver in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the high band receiver in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer provided by the invention, the microwave radiometer include:Microwave receiving day
Line, motor, turntable driving control module, feed, microwave receiver, calibration body and high-speed data acquistion system.Described motor
Microwave antenna is driven to rotate under the control of turntable driving control module so that microwave antenna can carry out air spy
Survey scanner uni calibration.Described calibration body is used to provide with reference to bright temperature scale standard, is isolated by accurate temperature control realization with environment temperature.
Described microwave antenna is launched the electromagnetic wave signal received to setting corresponding thereto by scanning air and calibration body
Feed in, microwave signal that described microwave receiver receives feed output, matching with its working frequency, described height
Speed digital acquisition system is connected with microwave receiver, turntable driving control module, host computer, and described satellite-borne microwave radiometer leads to
Cross high-speed figure acquisition system to be communicated with host computer, the high-speed figure acquisition system realizes the mould to microwave receiver output
After intending signal refinement spectral resolution, digital collection and quantification treatment are carried out in the form of multichannel, obtained data signal is exported
To host computer, while control the operation of turntable driving control module.
Satellite-borne microwave radiometer based on said structure, as shown in figure 1, described microwave antenna include level crossing and
Paraboloid, described level crossing is by scanning air and calibration body, by the electromagnetic wave signal received with plane waveform
Formula reflexes to paraboloid, and described paraboloid is arranged on fixed position, and optimal standing wave is kept with feed
Than will be received after the next plane wave progress secondary reflection of level crossing reflection by feed.So cause paraboloid and feedback
Relative position is fixed between source, after relative position changes between feed when avoiding paraboloid rotation, antenna-feedback system
Standing-wave ratio changes caused output pulsation phenomenon, that is, avoids some pel datas of output from fixing higher or lower than adjacent
The data of pixel, eliminate the mushing error of system fixation.
As shown in figure 1, in the present embodiment, the satellite-borne microwave spoke provided by the invention with the super multichannel characteristic of ultra wide band
Meter is penetrated to be made up of 2 receivers, including 183.31GHz receivers and V-band receiver.The 183.31GHz receivers are work
183 ± 8GHz of working frequency high band receiver.The V-band receiver is that working frequency 50GHz-70GHz low-frequency range connects
Receipts machine, the low-frequency range receiver include two receives links, receive 50GHz~60GHz and 60GHz~70GHz signal respectively.
Wherein 50GHz-70GHz low-frequency ranges receiver is used to realize atmospheric temperature detecting, and 183.31GHz high bands receiver is used to realize
Atmospheric humidity sounding.Two receivers use superhet system receiver, are mixed and realized by local oscillator, and then in wideband base
It is upper to realize parallel more subband receiver intermediate-freuqncy signal outputs using power splitter, while it is fine to utilize high-speed figure acquisition system to realize
Spectral resolution Signal sampling and processing, reaches host computer.
As shown in Fig. 2 described low-frequency range receiver uses first low noise amplification, then work(to divide two-way IQ mixing down coversion to connect
The technical scheme of receipts.V-band receiver includes two receives links, receives 50GHz~60GHz's and 60GHz~70GHz respectively
Signal.Two-way radiofrequency signal IQ is down-converted into DC~5GHz local oscillation signals again to be produced by VCO, IQ frequency mixers are supplied after locking phase.
Specifically, the working frequency is that 50GHz-70GHz low-frequency range receiver includes:Isolator, guide filter
Device, preamplifier, power splitter, local oscillator, frequency mixer, main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter, low noise amplifier.Institute
The radiofrequency signal that the isolator stated receives feed carries out effectively shielding isolation.Waveguide filter is realized the ripple after isolation processing
Lead signal and carry out preliminary filtering selection, and after carrying out signal amplification by preamplifier, two-way power letter is divided into by power splitter
Number, each road produces difference frequency after frequency electromagnetic waves caused by local oscillator are mixed with the power signal by frequency mixer, and leads to
Cross 90 degree of transposition and realize orthogonal two paths of signals, that is, form the parallel four road a width of 5GHz of band intermediate-freuqncy signal, so that by radiofrequency signal
The parallel intermediate-freuqncy signal in four tunnels is downconverted to, and is put successively by main intermediate frequency amplifier and the tunnel intermediate-freuqncy signals of bandpass filter Jiang Gai tetra-
After big and bandpass filtering, then after low noise amplifier amplifies, output signal to high-speed figure acquisition system and carry out accurate spectrum point
Resolution digital collection.Described high-speed figure acquisition system is divided each a width of 5GHz of road band intermediate-freuqncy signal with different frequency range
Exported into 50 passages;The spectral resolution of wherein each passage is 100MHz, and all channel numbers are 200, reception signal
Port number can be increased or be reduced as needed, spectral resolution can be adjusted suitably, be configured by high-speed figure acquisition system
Determine, specific optional passage configuration result is shown in Table each passage output frequency range of 50GHz-70GHz receivers shown in 1, can also
Each passage output frequency range shown in table 2 carries out signal division.
As shown in figure 3, in the present embodiment, working frequency is that 183.31GHz ± 8GHz high band receiver includes:Every
From device, waveguide filter, preamplifier, power splitter, local oscillator, frequency mixer, main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter,
Low noise amplifier.The radio frequency that described isolator receives feed carries out effectively shielding isolation.Described waveguide filter will be every
Preliminary filtering selection is carried out from the waveguide signal after processing, and after carrying out signal amplification by preamplifier, by power splitter point
Into two-way power signal, each road is produced after by frequency mixer, frequency electromagnetic waves caused by local oscillator are mixed with the power signal
Raw difference frequency, that is, the intermediate-freuqncy signal of two-way 8GHz bandwidth is formed, so as to which radiofrequency signal is downconverted into intermediate-freuqncy signal, and is passed through successively
Main intermediate frequency amplifier and bandpass filter amplify by after two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal amplification and bandpass filtering, then by low noise amplifier
Afterwards, output signal to high-speed figure acquisition system and carry out accurate spectral resolution digital collection.Described high-speed figure acquisition system
Each a width of 8GHz of road band intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into 80 passages with different frequency range to be exported;The spectrum of wherein each passage point
Resolution is 100MHz, and all channel numbers are 160.The port number of reception signal can be increased or be reduced as needed,
Spectral resolution can be adjusted suitably, be determined by the configuration of high-speed figure acquisition system, and specific optional passage configuration result is shown in Table shown in 1
Each passage of 183.31GHz receivers output frequency range, each passage output frequency range that can also be shown in table 2 carries out signal division,
The alternative 2 absorption peak both wings resolution ratio of wherein 183.31GHz is 200MHz, and peak center resolution ratio is 50MHz.
Table one
Table two
Low-frequency range receiver and high band receiver based on said structure, because broadband reception needs solution broadband to put
Greatly, the broadband integration problem such as the Waveguide-microbelt change-over circuit in broadband mixing and broadband, and existing amplifier operation bandwidth is general
For 15GHz, 20GHz job requirement can not be met, wideband low noise amplifier can be used in the present invention.Use broadband simultaneously
Isolator realizes the isolation between each road, improves the isolation of broadband synthesizer, and step-down amplifier works with outer standing wave pairing
Into the deterioration of performance.Realize the conversion of Waveguide-microbelt probe circuit using the match circuit in broadband, optimize between internal circuit
Standing-wave ratio, improve with interior gain fluctuation.
Satellite-borne microwave radiometer based on said structure, described high-speed figure acquisition system are accurate with 8bit sample rates
The analog signal of the 5GHz and 8GHz bandwidth of spectral resolution collection receiver intermediate frequency output, realizes analog-to-digital conversion.Meanwhile high speed number
Word acquisition system is connected with turntable driving control module, host computer, is communicated by high-speed figure acquisition system with host computer,
And control turntable driving control module.The high-speed figure acquisition system is also responsible for the science of microwave antenna and microwave receiver
Data and temperature data are acquired and quantification treatment, adjusts receiver channel gain according to data processed result, makes passage work
Make in optimum state;Acquisition angle encoded signal and aerial signal state, turntable driving and angle coding circuit is controlled to be operated in main part
Or backup;Control each passage power-on and power-off of receiver are injected by data;The telecommand of host computer is received, this is performed after decoding and refers to
Order, the working condition of control system;Engineering telemetry parameter is encoded, host computer is delivered to after coding.
Described high-speed figure acquisition system has the advantages of high accuracy and low-power consumption, and it uses 4 ultrahigh speeds
ADCEV10AQ190 samples 4 autonomous channels, and 10bit quantifies, sample rate 5GHz, is sampled signal and 1 is done inside ADC:
Exported after 8demux, clock is that ddr mode halves as 312.5MHz again.Data are adopted by 4 high-speed a/d converters again after sampling
The road signal of sample 4 and external multiplexing module realize the reduction of speed of high-speed data-flow, then pass through a new generation of Xilinx companies
The chips of FPGA-Vertex 5 sample to analog signal according to nyquist sampling law, to avoid the loss of information, sampling
Frequency have to be larger than equal to twice sampled signal bandwidth, then carry out related operation with the data of quantization, and correlated results is real-time
Transmit to host computer.
It should be noted last that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted.Although ginseng
The present invention is described in detail according to embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, to the technical side of the present invention
Case is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover in the present invention
Right among.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. satellite-borne microwave radiometer, it is characterised in that including:Feed, calibration body and motor;Characterized in that, also include: Microwave antenna, turntable driving control module, high-speed figure acquisition system, microwave receiver;Described motor drives in scanning Microwave antenna is driven to rotate under the control of dynamic control module, described microwave antenna is by scanning air and calibration Body, the electromagnetic wave signal received is launched to the feed set corresponding thereto, it is defeated that described microwave receiver receives feed Microwave signal going out, matching with its working frequency, described high-speed figure acquisition system and microwave receiver, turntable driving Control module, host computer connection, described satellite-borne microwave radiometer are communicated by high-speed figure acquisition system with host computer, After the high-speed figure acquisition system realizes the analog signal refinement spectral resolution to microwave receiver output, entered in the form of multichannel Row digital collection and quantification treatment, obtained data signal is exported to host computer, while control turntable driving control module Operation.
- 2. satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described microwave receiver is using work frequency Rate is 50GHz-70GHz low-frequency range receiver, for atmospheric sounding temperature data;Described low-frequency range receiver is using super outer Poor system receiver;The low-frequency range receiver includes:Isolator, waveguide filter, preamplifier, power splitter, local oscillations Device, frequency mixer, main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter and low noise amplifier;The radiofrequency signal that described isolator receives feed carries out shielding isolation processing, and described waveguide filter, which will isolate, to be produced After raw waveguide signal carries out preliminary filtering selection, and passage preamplifier carries out signal amplification, two-way is divided into by power splitter Power signal, frequency electromagnetic waves caused by local oscillator and the power signal are mixed by frequency mixer per power signal all the way Difference frequency is produced after conjunction, the difference frequency is through 90 degree of generation two-way orthogonal signalling of transposition, the four a width of 5GHz of road band of formation intermediate-freuqncy signal It is amplified successively by main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter and low noise amplifier, frequency-selecting and again after enhanced processing, input is extremely High-speed figure acquisition system.
- 3. satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described high-speed figure acquisition system is not with Each a width of 5GHz of road band intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into 50 passages with frequency range to be exported;The bandwidth of all passages is 100MHz。
- 4. satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described microwave receiver is using work frequency Rate is 183.31 ± 8GHz high band receiver, for atmospheric sounding humidity data;Described high band receiver is using super Heterodyne system receiver;The high band receiver includes:Isolator, waveguide filter, preamplifier, power splitter, local shake Swing device, frequency mixer, main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter, low noise amplifier;The radiofrequency signal that described isolator receives feed carries out shielding isolation processing, and described waveguide filter, which will isolate, to be produced After raw waveguide signal carries out preliminary filtering selection, and passage preamplifier carries out signal amplification, two-way is divided into by power splitter Power signal, frequency electromagnetic waves caused by local oscillator and the power signal are mixed by frequency mixer per power signal all the way Produce difference frequency after conjunction, a width of 8GHz of two-way band of formation intermediate-freuqncy signal successively by main intermediate frequency amplifier, bandpass filter and Low noise amplifier is amplified, frequency-selecting and again after enhanced processing, is inputted to high-speed figure acquisition system.
- 5. satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described high-speed figure acquisition system is not with Each a width of 8GHz of road band intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into 80 passages with frequency range to be exported;The bandwidth of all passages is 100MHz。
- 6. satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described microwave antenna includes plane Mirror and paraboloid, described level crossing is by scanning air and calibration body, by the electromagnetic wave signal received with plane Waveshape reflexes to paraboloid, and described paraboloid is by plane wave secondary reflection to feed.
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WO2024021783A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Omnidirectional measurement system for radiation and time-varying characteristics of atmospheric water vapor |
US11994431B2 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-05-28 | Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Omnidirectional measurement system for time-varying characteristic of atmospheric vapor radiation |
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