CN104950171A - Multichannel broadband microwave radiometer with self-calibration function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a nuclear fusion plasma diagnosis device, and particularly relates to a multichannel broadband microwave radiometer with a self-calibration function. The multichannel broadband microwave radiometer is composed of a microwave source, a controller, an isolator, a frequency mixer, a filter, a microwave antenna system, a broadband microwave amplification system, a broadband power divider array, a demodulator and a video amplification system. Advantages of the multichannel broadband microwave radiometer are that the working mode of the microwave radiometer system is adjusted so that relative calibration between all channels is realized, and the multichannel broadband microwave radiometer has advantages that the calibration method is easy, reliability is high, cost is low and system measurement frequency range is wide. The microwave radiometer can be used for fusion plasma microwave diagnosis and can also be used for spatial microwave radiation monitoring and microwave communication signal receiving.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of nuclear fusion plasma diagnosis device, be specifically related to a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function, the advantages such as scaling method is demarcated simply, reliability is high, cost is low, survey frequency wide ranges that it has.
Background technology
Microwave radiometer is the important means measuring plasma electron temperature, this is because high-temperature plasma in tokamak is retrained by magnetic field, due to the effect of Lorentz force, electronics is done circumnutation and is produced electron gyroradiation, electron gyroradiation frequency is at microwave frequency band, and intensity proportional is in electron temperature.Frequency due to electron gyroradiation is cyclotron frequency and the harmonic frequency thereof of launching site, and it is determined by the magnetic field of launching site completely, and therefore electron gyroradiation signal is the microwave signal of localization.By measuring electron gyroradiation spectrum, the important physical parameters such as plasma electron temperature distribution and turbulent flow distribution can be obtained.
Develop polytype microwave radiometer at present to measure electron gyroradiation spectrum.Early-stage development frequency sweep microwave radiometer, this radiometer system is simple, only need a broadband Sweep Source and broadband mixer, but the precision of systematic survey is poor, particularly time precision is determined by frequency sweep cycle, reach about a few tens of milliseconds, the Electron temperature profile of steady-state plasma can only be obtained, the measurement of plasma temperature Rapid Variable Design and turbulent flow can not be used for.Later development multiple tracks superhet microwave radiometer, its spatial accuracy and time precision higher, but system needs repeatedly frequency conversion, amplification and filtering process, system complex, cost is higher.And the normally fixed work frequently of the microwave local oscillator of this system, when the magnetic field that plasma runs changes, need to change microwave local oscillator.
Another subject matter of microwave radiometer is system calibrating, and the main two temperature method that adopts carrys out calibration system, i.e. an external microwave black matrix at present, and the surface temperature changing black matrix measures the difference of output signal, thus obtains the calibration coefficient of system.But the temperature difference of black matrix can only accomplish a few Baidu usually, and far below the temperature of plasma, therefore system needs extra Target to enlarge system, is amplified by long integration, just can measure difference coefficient.
These methods can realize the demarcation of system to a certain extent, but also have several factors can bring impact to system calibrating, as transmission system change, load change, system aging and working point drift etc., therefore need often on device, to carry out on-line proving to system.For multiple tracks microwave radiometer, need the on-line proving time grown very much, the measurement difference that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is enough could be obtained.The experience of more external devices, on-line proving needs at least one many months, and this can have a strong impact on causing the working time of device.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function, it can solve to demarcate needs extra two temperature to demarcate source and the problems such as calibration process is complicated, length consuming time.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function, and it comprises Microwave synthesize source, microwave frequency o controller, local oscillator source isolator, microwave multiplier, microwave mixer, receiving end isolator, Microwave high-pass filter, rejection filter, microwave antenna system, intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter, wideband microwave amplifier, broadband power divider, first group of bandpass filter, second group of microwave amplifier, second group of power splitter, second group of bandpass filter, wave detector, video amplifier system, Data collecting and analysis system, the Waveform Control end in Microwave synthesize source is connected with the output terminal of microwave frequency o controller, the microwave output terminal in Microwave synthesize source is connected with the input end of local oscillator source isolator, the output terminal of local oscillator source isolator is connected with the input end of microwave multiplier, the output terminal of microwave multiplier is connected with the local oscillator input end of microwave mixer, the microwave that microwave antenna system reception plasma or space radiation come, its output terminal is connected with the input end of rejection filter, the output terminal of rejection filter is connected with the input end of Microwave high-pass filter, the output terminal of Microwave high-pass filter is connected with the input end of receiving end isolator, and the output terminal of receiving end isolator is connected with the radio frequency reception end of microwave mixer.
The medium frequency output end of described microwave mixer is connected with the input end of intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter, the output terminal of intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter is connected with the input end of wideband microwave amplifier, the output terminal of wideband microwave amplifier is connected with the input end of broadband power divider, the output terminal of broadband power divider is connected with the input end of first group of bandpass filter, the output terminal of first group of bandpass filter is connected with the input end of second group of microwave amplifier, the output terminal of second group of microwave amplifier is connected with the input end of second group of power splitter, the output terminal of second group of power splitter is connected with the input end of second group of bandpass filter, the output terminal of second group of bandpass filter is connected with the microwave input port of wave detector, the output terminal of wave detector is connected with the input end of video amplifier system, the output terminal of the video amplifier is connected with the input end of Data collecting and analysis system.
Described Microwave synthesize source is the wide-band microwave source of a high stability, the control of frequency and power can be carried out, it exports microwave and needs step motion control function, it can be internal control, also can be outside microwave frequency output controller controls, the time of the saltus step of two frequencies needs to be less than 1ms.
Described microwave isolator and receiving end isolator are respectively used to the microwave one-way transmission of local oscillator end and radio frequency reception end, and isolation is greater than more than 20dB.
The impact that described Microwave high-pass filter receives for realizing upper side band and removes lower sideband; The low-frequency disturbance that described intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter produces for removing frequency mixer.
Described rejection filter is used for, in the experiment of high power electronic cyclotron resonance auxiliary heating, absorbing Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating ripple.
First group of described microwave amplification system is wide-band amplify, and frequency needs the whole surveying range covering if system; Second group of described microwave amplification system is used for the plus and blowup after microwave segmentation, and the net gain of two-stage amplification system after the insertion loss considering system needs to be greater than 60dB.
Described broadband power divider and first group of bandpass filter are used for measuring-signal to be divided into multiple frequency separation, second group of power splitter is used for measuring channels between segmentation clearancen further, second group of bandpass filter is for determining the frequency bandwidth of final measuring channels, the frequency interval of neighboring track and bandwidth determine the spatial resolution of system, when frequency interval is 1GHz, spatial resolution is 2cm.
The sensitivity of described wave detector is-45dBm, and the video bandwidth of video amplifier system is 1MHz.
Advantage of the present invention is, by regulating the mode of operation of microwave meter systems provided by the invention, realizes each interchannel relative Calibration, the advantages such as scaling method is simple, reliability is high, cost is low, systematic survey wide frequency range that it has.This microwave radiometer, except being used for fusionplasma microwave diagnostics, can also be used for Space Microwave Radiation monitoring, microwave communication Signal reception etc.The present invention introduces high precision broadband microwave local oscillator in multiple tracks microwave radiometer, and if system adopts High frequency filter array, and do not need secondary local oscillator and secondary mixing and amplification system, therefore system is simplified, and reliability increases.In addition, by changing microwave local oscillator, except wider frequency spectrum and locus can be measured, the relative Calibration in each space measurement road of frequency sweep functional realiey system of microwave source can also be utilized.Demarcate and do not need other any utility appliance, just can complete together in experimentation, therefore cost is low, and scaling method is simple.Because this scaling method comes traverse measurement position by changing survey frequency, and the position of measuring position together with lower strictly overlaps, and the reliability of demarcation is higher, is a kind ofly to compare the scaling method having application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer schematic diagram with self calibrating function provided by the present invention.
In figure: 1 Microwave synthesize source, 2 microwave frequency o controllers, 3 local oscillator source isolators, 4 microwave multipliers, 5 microwave mixers, 6 receiving end isolators, 7 Microwave high-pass filters, 8 rejection filters, 9 microwave antenna systems, 10 intermediate frequency Hi-pass filters, 11 first groups of microwave amplification systems, 12 broadband power dividers, 13 first groups of bandpass filter, 14 second groups of microwave amplification systems, 15 second groups of power splitters, 16 second groups of bandpass filter, 17 wave detectors, 18 video amplifier systems, 19 Data collecting and analysis systems.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail:
Have a multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer for self calibrating function, it comprises Microwave synthesize source, microwave frequency o controller, local oscillator source isolator, microwave multiplier, microwave mixer, receiving end isolator, Hi-pass filter, rejection filter, microwave antenna system, Hi-pass filter, first group of wide-band microwave amplification system, broadband power divider, first group of bandpass filter, second group of microwave amplification system, second group of composition such as power splitter, second group of bandpass filter, wave detector, video amplifier system, Data collecting and analysis system.
The output terminal in Microwave synthesize source is connected with the local oscillator end of local oscillator source isolator, microwave multiplier, microwave mixer successively; The output terminal of microwave antenna system is connected with the radio-frequency head of rejection filter, Hi-pass filter and microwave mixer successively; The output terminal of microwave mixer is connected with Hi-pass filter, wide-band microwave amplification system, broadband power divider, first group of bandpass filter, second group of microwave amplification system, second group of power splitter, second group of bandpass filter, wave detector, video amplifier system, Data collecting and analysis system successively.
Microwave frequency by microwave frequency controller output low frequency microwave, is amplified to frequency of operation through microwave multiplier by described Microwave synthesize source, as local oscillation signal and its power enough drives microwave mixer.The microwave signal of antenna system reception, after high pass filter filters in frequency mixer with local oscillation signal mixing, downconvert to intermediate-freuqncy signal.In if system, be divided into the road, space of system needs measurement by power splitter array, then per pass bandpass filter selects the intermediate-freuqncy signal of the corresponding bandwidth of suitable spatial accuracy, finally by detection and video amplifier system, exports to Data collecting and analysis system.
Because native system adopts Microwave synthesize source and the wide-band microwave frequency multiplier in broadband, the output frequency in Microwave synthesize source can control.When microwave local oscillation frequency changes, every measuring position corresponding together also changes.When the measuring position of passage A moves to the measuring position of adjacency channel B, when frequency hopping speed, can think passage A move after measured value just in time equal channel B move before measured value, so just obtain the derivation relation of calibration coefficient, thus realize the relative Calibration of system.Because this scaling method just changes system into frequency sweep mode of operation from determining frequency mode of operation, other parameter has nothing to do, therefore there is good dirigibility, can operate any time in an experiment, do not need as two temperature method, need on-line proving for a long time and Target to enlarge system just can measure reliable temperature difference.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of schematic diagram with the multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer of self calibrating function provided by the present invention.It comprises Microwave synthesize source 1, microwave frequency o controller 2, local oscillator source isolator 3, microwave multiplier 4, microwave mixer 5, receiving end isolator 6, Microwave high-pass filter 7, rejection filter 8, microwave antenna system 9, intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter 10, wideband microwave amplifier 11, broadband power divider 12, first group of bandpass filter 13, second group of microwave amplifier 14, second group of power splitter 15, second group of bandpass filter 16, wave detector 17, video amplifier system 18, device such as Data collecting and analysis system 19 grade.
The Waveform Control end in Microwave synthesize source 1 is connected with the output terminal of microwave frequency o controller 2, the microwave output terminal in Microwave synthesize source 1 is connected with the input end of local oscillator source isolator 3, the output terminal of local oscillator source isolator 3 is connected with the input end of microwave multiplier 4, and the output terminal of microwave multiplier 4 is connected with the local oscillator input end of microwave mixer 5.Microwave antenna system 9 receives the microwave of plasma or space radiation, its output terminal is connected with the input end of rejection filter 8, the output terminal of rejection filter 8 is connected with the input end of Microwave high-pass filter 7, the output terminal of Microwave high-pass filter 7 is connected with the input end of receiving end isolator 6, and the output terminal of receiving end isolator 6 is connected with the radio frequency reception end of microwave mixer 5.
The medium frequency output end of microwave mixer 5 is connected with the input end of intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter 10, the output terminal of intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter 10 is connected with the input end of wideband microwave amplifier 11, the output terminal of wideband microwave amplifier 11 is connected with the input end of broadband power divider 12, the output terminal of broadband power divider 12 is connected with the input end of first group of bandpass filter 13, the output terminal of first group of bandpass filter 13 is connected with the input end of second group of microwave amplifier 14, the output terminal of second group of microwave amplifier 14 is connected with the input end of second group of power splitter 15, the output terminal of second group of power splitter 15 is connected with the input end of second group of bandpass filter 16, the output terminal of second group of bandpass filter 16 is connected with the microwave input port of wave detector 17, the output terminal of wave detector 17 is connected with the output terminal of video amplifier system 18, the output terminal of the video amplifier 18 is connected with the input end of Data collecting and analysis system 19.
Described Microwave synthesize source 1 is the wide-band microwave source of a high stability, the control of frequency and power can be carried out, it exports microwave and needs step motion control function, it can be internal control, also can control for outside microwave frequency o controller 2, the time of the saltus step of two frequencies needs to be less than 1ms.When for system calibrating, the time that microwave signal to be measured changes should much smaller than the chatter time of system.
Described microwave isolator 3 and 6 is respectively used to the microwave one-way transmission of local oscillator end and radio frequency reception end, prevents loop from producing parasitic reflection, and then the measuring accuracy of influential system and part microwave device safety, therefore requires that isolation is greater than more than 20dB.
The impact that described Microwave high-pass filter 7 receives for realizing upper side band and removes lower sideband; The low-frequency disturbance that described intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter 10 produces for removing frequency mixer.
Described rejection filter 8, in the experiment of high power electronic cyclotron resonance auxiliary heating, absorbs Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating ripple, prevents because plasma absorption is bad, and cause microwave system to damage.
Described first group of microwave amplification system 11 is wide-band amplify, and frequency needs the whole surveying range covering if system; Second group of described microwave amplification system 14 is for the plus and blowup after microwave segmentation, and the net gain of two-stage amplification system after the insertion loss considering system needs to be greater than 60dB, and adjustable gain, prevent measuring-signal gain inadequate or saturated.
Described broadband power divider 12 and first group of bandpass filter 13 are for being divided into multiple frequency separation by measuring-signal, be beneficial to second group of microwave amplification system 14 and respectively low noise and plus and blowup are carried out to each different frequency interval, prevent spur signal and alter interference.Second group of power splitter 15 is for segmenting measuring channels between clearancen further, second group of bandpass filter 16 is for determining the frequency bandwidth of final measuring channels, the frequency interval of neighboring track and bandwidth determine the spatial resolution of system, conventional Tokamak Plasma is measured, when frequency interval is approximately 1GHz, spatial resolution is approximately 2cm.
The sensitivity of described wave detector 17 and the video bandwidth of video amplifier system determine the temporal resolution of system, and in fusionplasma is measured, the temporal resolution of General Requirements is 1 ~ 10us, and namely video bandwidth is approximately 1MHz.
A kind of principle of work with the multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer of self calibrating function provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1:
Microwave synthesize source 1, microwave frequency o controller 2, local oscillator source isolator 3, microwave multiplier 4 form the local oscillator microwave system of this microwave radiometer, for driving microwave mixer 5 to work, the microwave power that usual microwave multiplier 4 exports is greater than 10dBm and could effectively drives microwave mixer 5.
Microwave mixer 5, receiving end isolator 6, Microwave high-pass filter 7, rejection filter 8, microwave antenna system 9 form the radio-frequency receiving system of this microwave radiometer.From the microwave signal to be measured that microwave antenna system 9 receives, filtering is carried out by rejection filter 8 and Microwave high-pass filter 7, then be input in microwave mixer 5 through receiving end isolator 6 and carry out being down-converted to intermediate-freuqncy signal, the intermediate-freuqncy signal obtained like this carries the parameters such as the power distribution needing the microwave frequency measured.
By intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter 10, wideband microwave amplifier 11, broadband power divider 12, first group of bandpass filter 13, second group of microwave amplifier 14, second group of power splitter 15, second group of bandpass filter 16, in the if system that wave detector 17 grade is formed, microwave process is amplified and repeatedly merit is divided into the detection number of channels of system needs, then frequency-selecting is carried out by second group of bandpass filter 16, from frequency domain, the Measurement channel needed is separated, finally carrying out detection by wave detector 17 exports to video amplifier system 18 and data collection and transmission 19, thus obtain spectrum distribution and the change of microwave.
Below by detailed description a kind of scaling method with the multiple tracks microwave radiometer of self calibrating function provided by the present invention:
The relative spectral realizing system is demarcated, and requires above-mentioned if system, measures the intermediate-freuqncy signal exported from frequency mixer from frequency domain equally spacedly.When the microwave frequency of local oscillator changes, the microwave spectrum measured also correspondingly changes.When the microwave frequency saltus step of local oscillator is just identical with if system channel frequence interval, the measuring-signal of a passage A just in time moves to the measuring position of adjacent next channel B, so just in time establish a corresponding relation at the measured value of passage A and channel B.When the time that microwave signal to be measured changes should much smaller than chatter time of system time, can think passage A move after measured value just in time equal channel B move before measured value, so simple calibration coefficient derivation relation a: C can be obtained
i+1=C
ia
i/ B
i+1, i is channel number, thus realizes the relative Calibration of system.If there is a passage can by absolute calibration source absolute calibration, or its measuring position can by other diagnostic system absolute measurement, then system just can realize absolute calibration.This scaling method has good dirigibility, can operate any time in an experiment, does not need as dual-temperature process, need on-line proving for a long time and Target to enlarge system just can measure reliable temperature difference.Because this scaling method moves the measuring position of plasma resonance to be measured, and shift position overlaps completely, and therefore error is less relative to other method.
With enforcement, the present invention is explained in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings above, also detail the calibration process of present system simultaneously, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, such as can also be applied to space plasma and microwave signal as the measurement of microwave communication signal, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, various change can also be made under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.The content be not described in detail in the present invention all can adopt prior art.
Claims (9)
1. there is a multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer for self calibrating function, it is characterized in that: it comprises Microwave synthesize source (1), microwave frequency o controller (2), local oscillator source isolator (3), microwave multiplier (4), microwave mixer (5), receiving end isolator (6), Microwave high-pass filter (7), rejection filter (8), microwave antenna system (9), intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter (10), wideband microwave amplifier (11), broadband power divider (12), first group of bandpass filter (13), second group of microwave amplifier (14), second group of power splitter (15), second group of bandpass filter (16), wave detector (17), video amplifier system (18), Data collecting and analysis system (19), the Waveform Control end in Microwave synthesize source (1) is connected with the output terminal of microwave frequency o controller (2), the microwave output terminal in Microwave synthesize source (1) is connected with the input end of local oscillator source isolator (3), the output terminal of local oscillator source isolator (3) is connected with the input end of microwave multiplier (4), the output terminal of microwave multiplier (4) is connected with the local oscillator input end of microwave mixer (5), microwave antenna system (9) receives the microwave that space radiation comes, its output terminal is connected with the input end of rejection filter (8), the output terminal of rejection filter (8) is connected with the input end of Microwave high-pass filter (7), the output terminal of Microwave high-pass filter (7) is connected with the input end of receiving end isolator (6), the output terminal of receiving end isolator (6) is connected with the radio frequency reception end of microwave mixer (5).
2. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the medium frequency output end of described microwave mixer (5) is connected with the input end of intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter (10), the output terminal of intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter (10) is connected with the input end of wideband microwave amplifier (11), the output terminal of wideband microwave amplifier (11) is connected with the input end of broadband power divider (12), the output terminal of broadband power divider (12) is connected with the input end of first group of bandpass filter (13), the output terminal of first group of bandpass filter (13) is connected with the input end of second group of microwave amplifier (14), the output terminal of second group of microwave amplifier (14) is connected with the input end of second group of power splitter (15), the output terminal of second group of power splitter (15) is connected with the input end of second group of bandpass filter (16), the output terminal of second group of bandpass filter (16) is connected with the microwave input port of wave detector (17), the output terminal of wave detector (17) is connected with the input end of video amplifier system (18), the output terminal of the video amplifier (18) is connected with the input end of Data collecting and analysis system (19).
3. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described Microwave synthesize source (1) is the wide-band microwave source of a high stability, the control of frequency and power can be carried out, it exports microwave and needs step motion control function, it can be internal control, also can be that outside microwave frequency o controller (2) controls, the time of the saltus step of two frequencies needs to be less than 1ms.
4. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described microwave isolator (3) and receiving end isolator (6) are respectively used to the microwave one-way transmission of local oscillator end and radio frequency reception end, and isolation is greater than more than 20dB.
5. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the impact that described Microwave high-pass filter (7) receives for realizing upper side band and removes lower sideband; The low-frequency disturbance that described intermediate frequency Hi-pass filter (10) produces for removing frequency mixer.
6. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described rejection filter (8), in the experiment of high power electronic cyclotron resonance auxiliary heating, absorbs Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating ripple.
7. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: first group of described microwave amplification system (11) is wide-band amplify, and frequency needs the whole surveying range covering if system; Second group of described microwave amplification system (14) is for the plus and blowup after microwave segmentation, and the net gain of two-stage amplification system after the insertion loss considering system needs to be greater than 60dB.
8. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described broadband power divider (12) and first group of bandpass filter (13) are for being divided into multiple frequency separation by measuring-signal, second group of power splitter (15) is for segmenting measuring channels between clearancen further, second group of bandpass filter (16) is for determining the frequency bandwidth of final measuring channels, the frequency interval of neighboring track and bandwidth determine the spatial resolution of system, when frequency interval is 1GHz, spatial resolution is 2cm.
9. a kind of multiple tracks wide-band microwave radiometer with self calibrating function as described in claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the sensitivity of described wave detector (17) is-45dBm, and the video bandwidth of video amplifier system is 1MHz.
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| CN110456295A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-15 | 国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) | A kind of microwave radiometer In-flight calibration method based on antenna radiation pattern real-time monitoring |
| CN110456295B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-04-02 | 国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) | Microwave radiometer on-orbit calibration method based on real-time monitoring of antenna directional diagram |
| CN113543440A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Real-time alfen model control system and method based on electron cyclotron |
| CN113543440B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-06-24 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Real-time alfen model control system and method based on electron cyclotron |
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