CN104569584A - Ultra wide band swept-frequency microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology - Google Patents
Ultra wide band swept-frequency microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104569584A CN104569584A CN201310466995.6A CN201310466995A CN104569584A CN 104569584 A CN104569584 A CN 104569584A CN 201310466995 A CN201310466995 A CN 201310466995A CN 104569584 A CN104569584 A CN 104569584A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to an ultra wide band swept-frequency microwave radiometer based on a frequency doubling technology. The ultra wide band swept-frequency microwave radiometer comprises an arbitrary waveform generator and a wide band VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) source, wherein the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the input ends of the wide band VCO source, an isolator and a power distributor in sequence; the previous three output ends of the power distributor are connected with the LO input ends of a frequency doubler group and a frequency mixer group; the fourth output end of the power distributor is connected with a detector and an oscilloscope; the input end of a receiving antenna receives a signal radiated from a plasma; the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with RF input ends of a band-stop filter, a waveguide power distribution array and the frequency mixer group in sequence; the IF output end of the frequency mixer group is connected with a bandpass filter, a power amplifier and an analog/digital converter in sequence. The ultra wide band swept-frequency microwave radiometer has the advantages that the measurement of the electronic temperature distribution on the whole section of a longitudinal field under the plasma discharge condition of 1.0-2.5T can be realized, and the measurement frequency range can be 40-220GHz.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of nuclear fusion plasma microwave diagnostic device, be specifically related to a kind of ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology.
Background technology
In fusion reactor, plasma will produce self-holding thermonuclear reaction, and the energy of release is carried by alpha particle and neutron.First alpha particle produces heat interchange with electronics, heat energy is passed to electronics, then by the collision of electronics and ion, energy is passed to ion.So thermotransport is the critical process determining that can self-holding thermonuclear reaction be carried out.High-temperature plasma in tokamak is by magnetically confined, and due to the effect of Lorentz force, electronics does circumnutation, produces electron gyroradiation (ECE).ECE intensity carries many important parameters of plasma, as: electron temperature, density, velocity of electrons distribution etc.Meeting under the thick condition of optics, the second harmonic radiation intensity proportional of plasma ECE is in electron temperature.Microwave diagnostics can go deep into plasma inside, measures the electron density of high time-space resolution and Electron temperature profile and disturbance, and it is one of current main several fusion facility in the world advanced diagnostic techniques of first developing.For realizing the measurements such as the thermal perturbation of plasma internal electron and distribution, need the ECE information obtaining high vertical field and low vertical whole plasma cross-section after the match, the radiometer therefore developing ultra broadband is particularly important.
Initial electron gyroradiation is measured and is mainly adopted Michelson interferometer, although can scan the frequency spectrum of relative broad range, all non-constant of its time resolution and spatial discrimination, has been rarely used in the measurement of electron temperature in tokamak at present usually.Superhet ECE measuring system more complicated, needs multiple secondary local oscillator to carry out down coversion.In addition, the spatial point of measurement is interrupted, and can not observe the consecutive variations of ECE frequency spectrum.At present, on market very many carcinotron wide-band microwave sources, but they costly, and the life-span is short.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology, it can monitor the ECE continuous frequency spectrum of 40-220GHz scope simultaneously, and the vertical field scope of measurement is 1.0-2.5T, and the time resolution of whole continuous spectrum is less than 1ms.When low vertical field, the most high energy of harmonic wave that the humorous wave energy of measurement reaches measurement reaches 7 times.
The present invention realizes like this, based on the ultra broadband scanning microwave radiometer of frequency doubling technology, it comprises AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), VCO source, broadband, AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) successively with VCO source, broadband, isolator, the input end of power divider connects, first three output terminal of power divider successively with frequency multiplier group, the LO input end of bank of mixers connects, 4th output terminal and wave detector of power divider, oscillograph connects, receiving antenna input end receives the signal from plasma resonance, receiving antenna output terminal successively with rejection filter, waveguide power division array, the RF input end of bank of mixers connects, the IF output terminal of bank of mixers successively with bandpass filter, power amplifier, A/D converter connects.
Described isolator comprises first group of isolator and second group of isolator, described bandpass filter comprises first group of bandpass filter and second group of bandpass filter, described power amplifier comprises first group of power amplifier, second group of power amplifier and the 3rd group of power amplifier, described wave detector comprises first group of wave detector and second group of wave detector, and the output terminal in VCO source, broadband is connected with the input end of first group of isolator; The output terminal of first group of isolator is connected with the input end of power divider; The input end of second group of isolator is connected with the output terminal of waveguide power division array respectively; The output terminal of second group of isolator is connected with the RF input end of bank of mixers respectively; The IF output terminal of bank of mixers is connected with the input end of first group of bandpass filter respectively; The output terminal of first group of bandpass filter is connected with the input end of first group of power amplifier respectively; The output terminal of first group of power amplifier is connected with the input end of second group of bandpass filter respectively, and the output terminal of second group of bandpass filter is connected with the input end of second group of power amplifier respectively; 4th output terminal of power divider is connected with the input end of first group of wave detector; The output terminal of first group of wave detector is connected with oscillograph; The output terminal of second group of power amplifier is connected with the input end of second group of wave detector respectively, the output terminal of second group of wave detector is connected with the input end of the 3rd group of power amplifier respectively, and the output terminal of the 3rd group of power amplifier is connected with the input end of A/D converter respectively.
The voltage signal that described AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) exports is directly connected to the control voltage of VCO source, broadband as VCO source, the power divider that the microwave signal that VCO source, broadband exports outputs to one point four after the isolation of first group of isolator carries out power division, the front three-way output signal of power divider is respectively through 4 frequencys multiplication, 6 frequencys multiplication, the LO input end of bank of mixers is outputted to after the frequency multiplier group of 11 frequencys multiplication carries out frequency amplification, 4th road output signal of power divider outputs to oscillograph and monitors after first group of detector, the plasma resonance signal received by receiving antenna is after the rejection filter filtering electron cyclotron wave spurious signal of 68GHz, power division is carried out through the waveguide power division array of a point three, the output signal of waveguide power division array outputs to the RF input end end of bank of mixers after second group of isolator isolation, microwave signal from bank of mixers LO input end and the plasma signal from bank of mixers RF input end are after bank of mixers mixing, intermediate-freuqncy signal is exported from bank of mixers IF end, successively through first group of band-pass filter, first group of power amplifier amplifies, second group of band-pass filter, second group of power amplifier amplifies, second group of detector, output to A/D converter after 3rd group of power amplifier amplifies and carry out signal transacting.
Advantage of the present invention is, the frequency sweep that it adopts the broadband VCO source technology of 10-20GHz to realize high frequency exports, employing multiple branch circuit frequency multiplier mixer technology, power distributing technique realize the ECE spectrum measurement of ultra broadband, can realize the measurement of vertical field the entire profile Electron temperature profile under 1.0-2.5T plasma discharge conditions, survey frequency scope can reach 40-220GHz.Frequency multiplier is Active multiplier, and be designed with power drive in frequency multiplier and export correcting flatness, its output power is about 13dBm.Adopt the electron cyclotron wave signal of the high-power 68GHz of rejection filter filtering, can be good at each element of protection system and prevent the interference to ECE frequency spectrum to be measured.Select the bandpass filter of suitable frequency and bandwidth, higher time resolution can be obtained.By the gain of regulating power amplifier, make the power that output suits the requirements.System of the present invention, except can be used in the frequency spectrum analysis of plasma, can also be used for the high-frequency wideband analysis of spectrum of other field, as radar monitoring, high frequency communications, microwave monitoring etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology provided by the present invention.
In figure: 1 AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), 2 VCO sources, broadband, 3 first groups of isolators, 4 power dividers, 5 frequency multiplier groups, 6 bank of mixers, 7 second groups of isolators, 8 waveguide power division arrays, 9 rejection filters, 10 receiving antennas, 11 first groups of bandpass filter, 12 first groups of power amplifiers, 13 second groups of bandpass filter, 14 second groups of power amplifiers, 15 second groups of wave detectors, 16 the 3rd groups of power amplifiers, 17 A/D converters, 18 first groups of wave detectors, 19 oscillographs.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology provided by the present invention, comprise AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) (AWG) 1, VCO source, broadband 2, first group of isolator 3, power divider 4, frequency multiplier group 5, bank of mixers 6, second group of isolator 7, waveguide power division array 8, rejection filter 9, receiving antenna 10, first group of bandpass filter 11, first group of power amplifier 12, second group of bandpass filter 13, second group of power amplifier 14, second group of wave detector 15, 3rd group of power amplifier 16, A/D converter (ADC) 17, first group of wave detector 18, oscillograph (Monitor) 19.
The output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) 1 is connected with the input end in VCO source, broadband 2, the output terminal in VCO source, broadband 2 is connected with the input end of first group of isolator 3, the output terminal of first group of isolator 3 is connected with the input end of power divider 4, power divider 4 is No. four power dividers, first three output terminal of power divider 4 is connected with the local oscillator input end (LO) of frequency multiplier group 5, bank of mixers 6 successively, and the 4th output terminal of power divider 4 is connected with first group of wave detector 18, oscillograph 19 successively.Receiving antenna 10 receives the radiation signal of plasma, the output terminal of receiving antenna 10 is connected with the input end of rejection filter 9, waveguide power division array 8 successively, waveguide power division array 8 is three tunnel waveguide power division arrays, and the output terminal of waveguide power division array 8 is connected with the rf inputs (RF) of second group of isolator 7, frequency mixer 6 successively.The medium frequency output end (IF) of frequency mixer 6 is connected with first group of bandpass filter, 11, first group of power amplifier, 12, second group of bandpass filter, 13, second group of power amplifier, 14, second group of wave detector 15, the 3rd group of power amplifier 16, A/D converter 17 successively.The quantity of wave detector, the quantity of the 3rd group of power amplifier 16 intermediate power amplifier in the quantity of bandpass filter, the quantity of second group of power amplifier 14 intermediate power amplifier, second group of wave detector 15 in the quantity of bandpass filter, the quantity of first group of power amplifier 12 intermediate power amplifier, second group of bandpass filter 13 in the quantity of isolator, first group of bandpass filter 11 in the quantity of frequency mixer, second group of isolator 7 in the quantity of frequency multiplier, bank of mixers 6 in frequency multiplier group 5 are all identical with the output terminal quantity of waveguide power division array 8.
First three output terminal of power divider 4 is connected with the input end of each frequency multiplier in frequency multiplier group 5 respectively.The output terminal of each frequency multiplier in frequency multiplier group 5 is connected with the LO input end of the frequency mixer of in bank of mixers 6 respectively.Each output terminal of waveguide power division array 8 is connected with the input end of an isolator in second group of isolator 7 respectively.In second group of isolator 7, the output terminal of each isolator is connected with the RF input end of a frequency mixer in bank of mixers 6 respectively.In bank of mixers 6, the IF output terminal of each frequency mixer is connected with the input end of a bandpass filter in first group of bandpass filter 11 respectively.The output terminal of each bandpass filter in first group of bandpass filter 11 is connected with the input end of a power amplifier in first group of power amplifier 12 respectively.The output terminal of each power amplifier in first group of power amplifier 12 is connected with the input end of a bandpass filter in second group of bandpass filter 13 respectively.The output terminal of each bandpass filter in second group of bandpass filter 13 is connected with the input end of a power amplifier in second group of power amplifier 14 respectively.The output terminal of each power amplifier in second group of power amplifier 14 is connected with the input end of a wave detector in second group of wave detector 15 respectively.The output terminal of each wave detector in second group of wave detector 15 is connected with the input end of a power amplifier in the 3rd group of power amplifier group 16 respectively.The output terminal of each power amplifier in the 3rd group of power amplifier 16 is all connected to A/D converter.
The output frequency in VCO source, described broadband 2 is determined by the type in VCO source 2, the output voltage of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) 1, and such as broadband VCO source 2 output frequency can be operated between 10-20GHz.
Described first group of bandpass filter 11 is Hi-pass filter, for the interference that filtering frequency mixer local oscillation signal LO causes medium-frequency IF, usually selects the Hi-pass filter being approximately 100M.
Described second group of bandpass filter 13 is low-pass filter, for removing high-frequency microwave undesired signal, improves the measuring accuracy of spatial resolution and frequency spectrum, usually selects the low-pass filter being approximately 1GHz.
The frequency of operation of described power divider 4 is 10-20GHz, exports number of channels and is determined by required microbeam quantity, can select 4 output channels.First three passage is used for plasma spectrum measurement, and the 4th passage is library track, for system monitoring.
The output frequency of described frequency multiplier group 5 determines the final frequency of operation of system, and frequency multiplication number of times can select 4 frequencys multiplication, 6 frequencys multiplication and 11 frequencys multiplication, can survey frequency scope be 40-220GHz electron gyroradiation spectrum.
Described waveguide power division array 8 is the waveguide power division array of a ultrabroad band, its frequency of operation is determined by the overtone order of required measurement, the frequency of operation of such as described waveguide power division array 8 can be 40-220GHz, signal distributes by frequency of operation, exports as example here with three tunnels.
The frequency of operation of first group of described wave detector 18 is determined by the output frequency in VCO source, broadband 2, and the frequency of operation of second group of described wave detector 15 is determined by the frequency-selecting result of second group of bandpass filter.
The principle of work of a kind of ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1:
The frequency that the output voltage of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) 1 is used for VCO source 2, broadband exports controls.First group of isolator 3, for isolating the microwave signal reflected from power divider 4, prevents incident wave and reflection wave from mutually disturbing, affects the output in VCO source, broadband 2.Second group of isolator 7, for isolating the signal reflected from the RF input end of bank of mixers 6, makes the RF input end outputting to bank of mixers 6 from the signal one-way conduction of plasma emission.
It is four tunnels that the microwave signal of isolating through first group of isolator 3 carries out power division by power divider 4, frequency amplification is carried out respectively by frequency multiplier group 5 in first three road, output to the LO input end of bank of mixers 6, the 4th tunnel outputs to oscillograph after carrying out detection filtering high frequency carrier component by first group of wave detector 18 and monitors.The plasma signal received by receiving antenna 10 is by outputting to waveguide power division array 8 after rejection filter 9, plasma resonance signal is divided into three tunnels by waveguide power division array 8, delivers to each RF input end of bank of mixers 6 respectively.The frequency of operation of rejection filter 9 is 68GHz, and it is for the electron cyclotron wave heating signal of the high-power 68GHz of elimination, prevents electron gyroradiation to be measured spectrum to be subject to cyclotron wave heating interference with protection system.Held the microwave signal of input by the LO of bank of mixers 6 and held by the RF of bank of mixers 6 the plasma signal mixing in each frequency mixer of bank of mixers 6 inputted, intermediate-freuqncy signal is exported from the IF output terminal of bank of mixers 6, then by the filtering of first group of wave filter 11, after the power amplification of first group of power amplifier 12, the filtering of second group of wave filter 13, the power amplification of second group of power amplifier 14, the detection of second group of wave detector 15, the 3rd group of power amplifier 16 amplify, all output in A/D converter 17 and carry out signal transacting.
First group of wave filter 11 carries out frequency-selecting for the intermediate-frequency IF signal exported bank of mixers 6, the frequency of operation of first group of power amplifier 12 is the frequency after the frequency-selecting of first group of wave filter 11, second group of wave filter 13 is for carrying out second time frequency-selecting to the signal after the power amplification of first group of power amplifier 12, the frequency of operation of second group of power amplifier 14 is the frequency after the frequency-selecting of second group of wave filter 13, the frequency of operation of second group of wave detector 15 is the frequency after first group of wave filter 11 and the frequency-selecting of second group of wave filter 13, the frequency of operation of the 3rd group of amplifier 16 is the frequency exported after the detection of second group of wave detector 15, by controlling the gain of the 3rd group of amplifier 16, control output signal level.
With enforcement, the present invention is explained in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings above, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, can also make various change under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.The content be not described in detail in the present invention all can adopt prior art.
Claims (3)
1. based on the ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer of frequency doubling technology, it is characterized in that: it comprises AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) (1), VCO source, broadband (2), AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) (1) successively with VCO source, broadband (2), isolator, the input end of power divider (4) connects, first three output terminal of power divider (4) successively with frequency multiplier group (5), the LO input end of bank of mixers (6) connects, 4th output terminal and wave detector of power divider (4), oscillograph (19) connects, receiving antenna (10) input end receives the signal from plasma resonance, receiving antenna (10) output terminal successively with rejection filter (9), waveguide power division array (8), the RF input end of bank of mixers (6) connects, the IF output terminal of bank of mixers (6) successively with bandpass filter, power amplifier, A/D converter (17) connects.
2. the ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described isolator comprises first group of isolator (3) and second group of isolator (7), described bandpass filter comprises first group of bandpass filter (11) and second group of bandpass filter (13), described power amplifier comprises first group of power amplifier (12), second group of power amplifier (14) and the 3rd group of power amplifier (16), described wave detector comprises first group of wave detector (18) and second group of wave detector (15), the output terminal in VCO source, broadband (2) is connected with the input end of first group of isolator (3), the output terminal of first group of isolator (3) is connected with the input end of power divider (4), the input end of second group of isolator (7) is connected with the output terminal of waveguide power division array (8) respectively, the output terminal of second group of isolator (7) is connected with the RF input end of bank of mixers (6) respectively, the IF output terminal of bank of mixers (6) is connected with the input end of first group of bandpass filter (11) respectively, the output terminal of first group of bandpass filter (11) is connected with the input end of first group of power amplifier (12) respectively, the output terminal of first group of power amplifier (12) is connected with the input end of second group of bandpass filter (13) respectively, and the output terminal of second group of bandpass filter (13) is connected with the input end of second group of power amplifier (14) respectively, 4th output terminal of power divider (4) is connected with the input end of first group of wave detector (18), the output terminal of first group of wave detector (18) is connected with oscillograph (19), the output terminal of second group of power amplifier (14) is connected with the input end of second group of wave detector (15) respectively, the output terminal of second group of wave detector (15) is connected with the input end of the 3rd group of power amplifier (16) respectively, and the output terminal of the 3rd group of power amplifier (16) is connected with the input end of A/D converter (17) respectively.
3. the ultra broadband frequency sweep microwave radiometer based on frequency doubling technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the voltage signal that described AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) (1) exports is directly connected to the control voltage of VCO source, broadband (2) as VCO source (2), the power divider (4) that the microwave signal that VCO source, broadband (2) exports outputs to one point four after the isolation of first group of isolator (3) carries out power division, the front three-way output signal of power divider (4) is respectively through 4 frequencys multiplication, 6 frequencys multiplication, the LO input end of bank of mixers (6) is outputted to after the frequency multiplier group (5) of 11 frequencys multiplication carries out frequency amplification, 4th road output signal of power divider (4) outputs to oscillograph (19) and monitors after the detection of first group of wave detector (18), the plasma resonance signal received by receiving antenna (10) is after rejection filter (9) the filtering electron cyclotron wave spurious signal of 68GHz, power division is carried out through the waveguide power division array (8) of a point three, the output signal of waveguide power division array (8) outputs to the RF input end end of bank of mixers (6) after second group of isolator (7) isolation, microwave signal from bank of mixers (6) LO input end and the plasma signal from bank of mixers (6) RF input end are after bank of mixers (6) mixing, hold from bank of mixers (6) IF and export intermediate-freuqncy signal, successively through the filtering of first group of bandpass filter (11), the power amplification of first group of power amplifier (12), the filtering of second group of bandpass filter (13), the power amplification of second group of power amplifier (14), the detection of second group of wave detector (15), output to A/D converter (17) after the power amplification of 3rd group of power amplifier (16) and carry out signal transacting.
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| CN107449965A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-08 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of satellite-borne microwave radiometer |
| WO2021022644A1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 | Anti-interference microwave detection module and anti-interference method |
| CN112566348A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-26 | 大连理工大学 | Dual-band multi-beam microwave diagnosis system for electron density disturbance localized measurement |
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