CN107418693B - 铝合金切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
铝合金切削液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107418693B CN107418693B CN201710411651.3A CN201710411651A CN107418693B CN 107418693 B CN107418693 B CN 107418693B CN 201710411651 A CN201710411651 A CN 201710411651A CN 107418693 B CN107418693 B CN 107418693B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种铝合金切削液及其制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下重量百分比的原料：环烷基油15‑30％、含硫氮硼酸酯5‑8％、硼酸钾3‑5％、油酸三乙醇胺2‑4％、非离子表面活性剂4‑8％、阴离子表面活性剂2‑4％、缓蚀剂1‑3％、防锈剂1‑3％、稳定剂0.5‑2％、消泡剂0.1‑1.0％、复合杀菌剂0.1‑0.5％、余量为去离子水。本发明的铝合金切削液具有良好的极压抗磨性，腐蚀抑制性，消泡性和稳定性，对刀具无损伤，对工件无摩擦磨损，切销易分离，寿命长，无刺激性气味、低毒，环保、易清洗降解；还具有优异的清洗和冷却性能，可以快速的带走铝合金在高速切削加工时产生的大量热量和切削粉末。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属切削液技术领域，特别是涉及一种铝合金切削液及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有技术中，铝合金密度低，但强度比较高，塑性好，可加工成各种型材，有着优良的导热导电性及较好的耐腐蚀性，在工业上的用途非常广泛，使用量仅次于钢。但铝合金的化学活性较强、质地很软，粘性强，加工中容易出现粘刀、变色等问题，因此针对铝合金加工用的专用切削液的需求也日益增长。目前市场上的铝合金切削液在使用过程中，会出现稀释液有油皂、乳化速度变慢等现象，未完全乳化的油滴会吸附在工件表面造成黑斑，导致工件报废，影响工件成品率，造成铝材浪费严重，在造成油液浪费的同时，达不到理想的使用效果。
另外，由于切削液中含有矿物油、脂肪酸皂、胺、磺酸盐和水等可被微生物所利用的成分，因而易遭受微生物(如细菌和真菌)的分解，同时造成切削液的防锈、润滑等性能降低，最终导致切削液腐败变臭。为防止水基切削液腐败变质，一般需要在切削液配方组成或其稀释液中加入合适的杀菌剂，以控制微生物的生长繁殖。但是长期使用同种杀菌剂，微生物会产生抗药性，而且目前的杀菌剂具有很大的毒性，长期接触后会从人体的皮肤吸收，导致慢性中毒，严重危害人体健康。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种铝合金切削液及其制备方法，该铝合金切削液具有良好的极压抗磨性，腐蚀抑制性，消泡性和稳定性，无刺激性气味、低毒，环保、易清洗降解。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种铝合金切削液，其特征在于，包括以下重量百分比的原料：环烷基油15-30％、含硫氮硼酸酯5-8％、硼酸钾3-5％、油酸三乙醇胺2-4％、非离子表面活性剂4-8％、阴离子表面活性剂2-4％、缓蚀剂1-3％、防锈剂1-3％、稳定剂0.5-2％、消泡剂0.1-1.0％、复合杀菌剂0.1-0.5％、余量为去离子水。
所述含硫氮硼酸酯由硼酸酯、黄原酸、二乙醇胺合成。
进一步优选，所述非离子表面活性剂由烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚组成，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的重量比为1:1。
进一步优选，所述阴离子表面活性剂由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠组成，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠的重量比为1-2:1。
进一步优选，所述缓蚀剂为聚天冬氨酸、苯并三氮唑、偏硅酸钠、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种混合物。
进一步优选，所述稳定剂由聚丙烯酸钠、葡萄糖酸钙和磺化木质素组成，聚丙烯酸钠、葡萄糖酸钙和磺化木质素的重量比为1:1:1。
进一步优选，所述防锈剂为水基防锈剂，所述水基防锈剂由二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水组成，二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水的重量比为1:1:1:1:0.5:20-30。
进一步优选，所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和/或聚醚消泡剂。
进一步优选，所述复合杀菌剂由异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵组成，异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵的重量比为1-3:1-2:0.1-0.5。
本发明铝合金切削液的制备方法，其特征在于：
S1、首先将环烷基油、含硫氮硼酸酯、硼酸钾、油酸三乙醇胺和去离子水放入调和釜中，加温至60-70℃，搅拌20-25min，搅拌转速为250rpm；
S2、待步骤S1的混合物冷却至40-50℃后，依次加入非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、缓蚀剂、防锈剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和复合杀菌剂，搅拌10min后，用三乙醇胺调节混合液的pH值至8-9.5，然后继续搅拌20-25min后，静置冷却至室温，即得铝合金切削液。
本发明突出的实质性特点和显著的进步是：
本发明的铝合金切削液选用特定的非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、缓蚀剂、防锈剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和复合杀菌剂与环烷基油、含硫氮硼酸酯、硼酸钾、油酸三乙醇胺以及去离子水进行科学配伍，具有良好的极压抗磨性，腐蚀抑制性，抑菌性、消泡性和稳定性，使用过程中可以有效的保护刀具，延长刀具的使用寿命，对工件无摩擦磨损，切销易分离，寿命长，无刺激性气味、低毒，环保、抑菌杀菌能力强，易清洗降解；还具有优异的清洗和冷却性能，可以快速的带走铝合金在高速切削加工时产生的大量热量和切削粉末。
2、本发明采用硫氮硼酸酯、硼酸钾和油酸三乙醇胺作为复合润滑添加剂，具有良好的油溶性和水解稳定性，能够显著提高铝合金切削液的热稳定性、抗磨、减摩性能和极压性能，
3、本发明采用的稳定剂可以显著提高铝合金切削液的稳定性，能使油和水形成稳定的微乳化液，投加量少，环保，易降解，其中磺化木质素起到分散的功效，有效的避免结垢的形成。
4、本发明采用的水基防锈剂不含有油性物质，水溶性好，具有优秀的防锈性能，无毒、无害、安全可靠，为绿色环保产品，在使用时不会玷污工件表面。
5、本发明采用的复合杀菌剂毒性低，基本对人无害，具有高效性、操作安全、较好的配伍性、较宽的pH适用范围、能够自然生物降解以及显著的抗细菌和抗真菌性能，可以对多种细菌和真菌同时起到抑制作用，明显延长切削液的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作以下说明。
实施例1
铝合金切削液的原料(按重量百分比)：环烷基油15％、含硫氮硼酸酯5％、硼酸钾3％、油酸三乙醇胺2％、非离子表面活性剂4％、阴离子表面活性剂2％、缓蚀剂1％、防锈剂1％、稳定剂0.5％、消泡剂0.1％、复合杀菌剂0.1％、余量为去离子水。
阴离子表面活性剂由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠组成，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠的重量比为1-2:1。
缓蚀剂为聚天冬氨酸。
防锈剂为水基防锈剂，所述水基防锈剂由二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水组成，二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水的重量比为1:1:1:1:0.5:20。
消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂。
复合杀菌剂由异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵组成，异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵的重量比为1:1:0.1。
铝合金切削液的制备方法包括如下步骤：
S1、首先将环烷基油、含硫氮硼酸酯、硼酸钾、油酸三乙醇胺和去离子水放入调和釜中，加温至60-70℃，搅拌20-25min，搅拌转速为250rpm；
S2、待步骤S1的混合物冷却至40-50℃后，依次加入非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、缓蚀剂、防锈剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和复合杀菌剂，搅拌10min后，用三乙醇胺调节混合液的pH值至8-9.5，然后继续搅拌20-25min后，静置冷却至室温，即得铝合金切削液。
实施例2
铝合金切削液的原料(按重量百分比)：环烷基油20％、含硫氮硼酸酯6％、硼酸钾4％、油酸三乙醇胺3％、非离子表面活性剂5％、阴离子表面活性剂3％、缓蚀剂2％、防锈剂2％、稳定剂1.0％、消泡剂0.5％、复合杀菌剂0.2％、余量为去离子水。
阴离子表面活性剂由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠组成，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠的重量比为1-2:1。
缓蚀剂为聚天冬氨酸和苯并三氮唑的混合物。
防锈剂为水基防锈剂，所述水基防锈剂由二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水组成，二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水的重量比为1:1:1:1:0.5:25。
消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂。
复合杀菌剂由异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵组成，异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵的重量比为2:1:0.2。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
铝合金切削液的原料(按重量百分比)：环烷基油30％、含硫氮硼酸酯8％、硼酸钾5％、油酸三乙醇胺4％、非离子表面活性剂8％、阴离子表面活性剂4％、缓蚀剂3％、防锈剂3％、稳定剂2％、消泡剂1.0％、复合杀菌剂0.5％、余量为去离子水。
阴离子表面活性剂由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠组成，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠的重量比为1-2:1。
缓蚀剂为偏硅酸钠、四乙氧基硅烷和甲基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物。
防锈剂为水基防锈剂，所述水基防锈剂由二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水组成，二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水的重量比为1:1:1:1:0.5:28。
消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂。
复合杀菌剂由异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵组成，异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵的重量比为3:2:0.3。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
铝合金切削液的原料(按重量百分比)：环烷基油25％、含硫氮硼酸酯7％、硼酸钾4.5％、油酸三乙醇胺3.5％、非离子表面活性剂6％、阴离子表面活性剂3.5％、缓蚀剂2.5％、防锈剂2.5％、稳定剂1.5％、消泡剂0.8％、复合杀菌剂0.3％、余量为去离子水。
阴离子表面活性剂由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠组成，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠的重量比为1-2:1。
缓蚀剂为聚天冬氨酸、四乙氧基硅烷和甲基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物。
防锈剂为水基防锈剂，所述水基防锈剂由二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水组成，二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水的重量比为1:1:1:1:0.5:30。
消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂。
复合杀菌剂由异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵组成，异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵的重量比为3:2:0.5。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
对实施例1-4进行主要技术指标测试(按照GB/T6144和GB/T7919)，结果如下表：
由上表可知，本发明铝合金切削液的外观、储存安定性、消泡性、表面张力、防锈性能、腐蚀性能等各个性能技术指标均符合国家标准和行业标准。
Claims (4)
1.一种铝合金切削液，其特征在于，包括以下重量百分比的原料：环烷基油15-30%、含硫氮硼酸酯5-8%、硼酸钾3-5%、油酸三乙醇胺2-4%、非离子表面活性剂4-8%、阴离子表面活性剂2-4%、缓蚀剂1-3%、防锈剂1-3%、稳定剂0.5-2%、消泡剂0.1-1.0%、复合杀菌剂0.1-0.5%、余量为去离子水；
所述阴离子表面活性剂由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠组成，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠的重量比为1-2:1；
所述稳定剂由聚丙烯酸钠、葡萄糖酸钙和磺化木质素组成，聚丙烯酸钠、葡萄糖酸钙和磺化木质素的重量比为1:1:1；
所述防锈剂为水基防锈剂，所述水基防锈剂由二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水组成，二乙二醇单丁醚、山梨醇、三乙醇胺、硼酸二乙醇胺酯、丙烯酸酯和去离子水的重量比为1:1:1:1:0.5:20-30；
所述复合杀菌剂由异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵组成，异噻唑啉酮、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵的重量比为1-3:1-2:0.1-0.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金切削液，其特征在于：所述缓蚀剂为聚天冬氨酸、苯并三氮唑、偏硅酸钠、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金切削液，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和 /或聚醚消泡剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金切削液的制备方法，其特征在于：
S1、首先将环烷基油、含硫氮硼酸酯、硼酸钾、油酸三乙醇胺和去离子水放入调和釜中，加温至60-70℃，搅拌20-25min，搅拌转速为250rpm；
S2、待步骤1的混合物冷却至40-50℃后，依次加入非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、缓蚀剂、防锈剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和复合杀菌剂，搅拌10min后，用三乙醇胺调节混合液的pH值至8-9.5，然后继续搅拌20-25min后，静置冷却至室温，即得铝合金切削液。
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| CN104893808A (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-09 | 广东富行洗涤剂科技有限公司 | 一种高转速全合成水溶性切削液 |
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