CN107407229A - 用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***及方法 - Google Patents

用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***及方法 Download PDF

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CN107407229A
CN107407229A CN201580078008.2A CN201580078008A CN107407229A CN 107407229 A CN107407229 A CN 107407229A CN 201580078008 A CN201580078008 A CN 201580078008A CN 107407229 A CN107407229 A CN 107407229A
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natural gas
liquefied natural
engine
pressure
storage tank
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CN107407229B (zh
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李昌雨
金东灿
文荣植
金南守
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Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
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Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/14—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven relating to internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B73/00—Combinations of two or more engines, not otherwise provided for
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02M21/0239—Pressure or flow regulators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/022—Land-based bulk storage containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***及方法。本发明的用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***包括：液下泵，设置到船舶的液化天然气存储罐以向所述船舶的发动机供应液化天然气；高压泵，从所述液下泵向所述高压泵供应液化天然气且所述高压泵在高压下压缩液化天然气；以及返回流动通道，位于所述高压泵的上游，使液化天然气返回至所述液化天然气存储罐，其中通过所述返回流动通道返回的液化天然气的流动受到控制，且所述液化天然气的温度在所述高压泵的前端处受到控制。

Description

用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***及方法，且更具体来说，涉及一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***及方法，其中：由液下泵从船舶的液化天然气存储罐向高压泵输送液化天然气；且接着由高压泵将所述液化天然气加压至高压；随后将经过高压泵加压的液化天然气重新气化并将重新气化的液化天然气供应至船舶发动机，其中将高压泵上游的液化天然气返回至液化天然气存储罐以确保液下泵的最低流动速率，且对要返回的液化天然气的流动速率进行调节以控制高压泵前面的液化天然气的温度，从而防止蒸发气体流向高压泵。
背景技术
近来，例如液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas，LNG)及液化石油气(LiquefiedPetroleum Gas，LPG)等液化气体的消耗在世界范围内迅速增加。
具体来说，液化天然气(在下文中称为“LNG”)是在燃烧过程中所排放的空气污染物较少的环保型燃料且在各个领域中的应用日益增加。
液化天然气是可通过将主要成分为甲烷(methane)的天然气冷却至约-162℃来获得的无色透明液体且体积为天然气体积的约1/600。因此，将天然气液化成液化天然气实现了天然气的非常高效的运输。举例来说，使用液化天然气运输船来通过海运运输(载送)液化天然气。
随着国际及国内船舶监管标准日益严格，船舶的环保型高效燃料越来越受到人们的重视。具体来说，已开发出由通过液化天然气自然蒸发或强制蒸发而产生的气体供应燃料的双燃料柴电发动机(Dual Fuel Diesel Electric，DFDE)且这种双燃料柴电发动机已投入使用。
这种由液化天然气供应燃料的船舶被称为液化天然气燃料动力船舶(LNG FueledShip，LFS)。随着国际船舶排放标准变得更严格及液化天然气价格的稳定，期望增加液化天然气作为船用燃料的消耗量。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的一个方面是提供一种为船舶发动机供应液化天然气作为燃料的***，所述***可防止***故障，从而能够实现顺畅的燃料供应。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的一个方面，一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***包括：液下泵，设置在船舶的液化天然气存储罐中并向所述船舶发动机供应液化天然气；
高压泵，从所述液下泵接收液化天然气并将所述液化天然气加压至高压；以及
返回通道，使所述高压泵上游的液化天然气返回至所述液化天然气存储罐，
其中对通过所述返回通道返回的液化天然气的流动速率进行调节，以控制所述高压泵前面的液化天然气的温度。
优选地，所述燃料供应***进一步包括：流量控制阀，设置在所述返回通道中；流量控制器，控制返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的液化天然气的流动速率，以确保所述液下泵的最低流动速率；以及温度控制器，检测所述高压泵前面的液化天然气的温度并控制返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的液化天然气的所述流动速率，以将所述高压泵前面的液化天然气的所述温度维持为低于液化天然气的液化温度；其中所述流量控制阀在所述流量控制器及所述温度控制器的控制下控制返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的液化天然气的所述流动速率。
优选地，所述燃料供应***进一步包括：燃料供应通道，从所述液化天然气存储罐向所述发动机供应液化天然气；以及气化器，设置在所述燃料供应通道中，将来自所述高压泵的被加压的液化天然气重新气化，并将重新气化的液化天然气供应至所述发动机。
优选地，所述发动机是由被压缩至150巴至400巴的高压的高压气体供应燃料的高压气体喷射发动机。
优选地，所述液化天然气存储罐是耐压罐且具有设计压力，所述设计压力被设定成保持在所述船舶运行期间在所述耐压罐中产生的蒸发气体(Boil Of fGas，BOG)或闪发气体。
根据本发明的另一方面，一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应方法包括：由液下泵从船舶的液化天然气存储罐向高压泵输送液化天然气；由所述高压泵将所述液化天然气加压至高压；将经过所述高压泵加压的所述液化天然气重新气化；以及将所述重新气化的液化天然气供应至所述船舶发动机，其中将所述高压泵上游的液化天然气返回至所述液化天然气存储罐以确保所述液下泵的最低流动速率，且对要返回的液化天然气的流动速率进行调节以控制所述高压泵前面的液化天然气的温度。
优选地，返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的液化天然气的所述流动速率被调节至将所述高压泵前面的液化天然气的所述温度维持为低于液化天然气的液化温度。
优选地，所述发动机是由被压缩至150巴至400巴的高压的高压气体供应燃料的高压气体喷射发动机。
有利效果
本发明提供一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***，其中：由液下泵从船舶的液化天然气存储罐向高压泵输送液化天然气；且接着由高压泵将所述液化天然气加压至高压；随后将经过高压泵加压的液化天然气重新气化并将重新气化的液化天然气供应至船舶发动机，其中将高压泵上游的液化天然气返回至液化天然气存储罐以确保液下泵的最低流动速率，且对要返回的液化天然气的流动速率进行调节以控制高压泵前面的液化天然气的温度。由于高压泵前面的液化天然气可通过对要返回至液化天然气存储罐的液化天然气的流动速率进行控制来保持过冷(supercooled)，因此可防止蒸发气体流入高压泵，从而防止***故障且能够实行顺畅的燃料供应。
附图说明
图1是用于向船舶发动机供应液化天然气的示例性***的图。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的船舶发动机的燃料供应***的示意图。
图3是图2所示船舶发动机的燃料供应***的修改形式的图。
具体实施方式
通过结合附图阅读以下对实施例的详细说明，本发明的以上及其他方面、特征、及优点将变得显而易见。
在下文中，将参照附图详细阐述本发明的示例性实施例。应注意，在本说明书通篇中及所有的附图中将由相同的参考编号来表示相同的组件。
图1是用于向船舶发动机供应液化天然气的示例性***的图。在这个***中，存储在存储罐(T)中的液化天然气通过输送泵(10)被泵送至设置在供应通道(L1)中的高压泵(20)。接着，经过高压泵(20)加压的液化天然气被气化器(30)重新气化且被供应至船舶发动机(E)作为燃料。此处，为确保作为液下泵的输送泵(10)的最低流动速率，所述***设置有将液化天然气返回至存储罐(T)的返回通道(L2)。可通过由流量控制器(50)基于输送泵(10)消耗的电流量控制设置在返回通道(L2)中的阀门(40)来调节通过返回通道(L2)返回至所述罐的液化天然气的量。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的船舶发动机的燃料供应***的示意图，所述燃料供应***是上述燃料供应***的改良形式。
参照图2，根据此实施例的燃料供应***包括：液下泵(100)，设置在船舶的液化天然气存储罐(T)中并向船舶的发动机(E)供应液化天然气；高压泵(200)，从液下泵(100)接收液化天然气并将液化天然气加压至高压；以及返回通道(RL)，使高压泵(200)上游的液化天然气返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)以确保液下泵(100)的最低流动速率，其中通过对经由返回通道(RL)返回的液化天然气的流动速率进行调节来控制高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度。
即使在液下泵(100)的流动速率满足最低流动速率要求时，当从外部输入大量的热时，高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气仍可蒸发，从而产生蒸发气体。如果蒸发气体流入高压泵(200)，则此可能会造成泵的故障并最终使发动机(E)的燃料供应中断。为防止这一问题，在此实施例中，通过调节返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)的液化天然气的流动速率来对高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度进行控制。
返回通道(RL)在高压泵(200)的上游尽可能靠近高压泵(200)进行分支，由此使高压泵(200)之前的液化天然气的流动速率尽可能高，且可降低因从外部输入的热而导致的温度升高，从而防止蒸发气体的产生。
返回通道(RL)设置有流量控制阀(300)以控制要返回至存储罐的液化天然气的流动速率。流量控制阀(300)在流量控制器(310)及温度控制器(320)的控制下控制返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)的液化天然气的流动速率。
流量控制器(310)控制返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)的液化天然气的流动速率，以确保液下泵(100)的最低流动速率。流量控制器(310)可基于由液下泵(100)消耗的电流量来确定为了确保液下泵的最低流动速率而需要的液化天然气的流动速率。
温度控制器(320)检测高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度，并确定为了将高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度降低到低于液化天然气的液化温度(即，使高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气保持过冷)而需要的返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)的液化天然气的流动速率。
当液化天然气返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)且由液下泵(100)供应的液化天然气的量增大时，因从外部输入的热而导致的温度升高相对地得到抑制，以使得可防止高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气蒸发。
流量控制阀(300)将基于来自流量控制器(310)及温度控制器(320)的控制信号而获得的两个输出值中的较高的输出值作为要返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)的液化天然气的流动速率，从而使液化天然气能够以所确定的流动速率返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)。也就是说，即使在由流量控制器(310)所指示的液下泵(100)的流动速率高于最低流动速率时，如果高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度高于设定点，则要返回至存储罐(T)的液化天然气的流动速率也会基于温度控制器(320)的信号而增大，从而使高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气能够保持过冷。举例来说，如果液下泵(100)的最低流动速率是5m3/h且高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度高于设定点(settingpoint)-155℃(设定点-155℃低于液化天然气的饱和温度)，则要返回的液化天然气的流动速率提高，从而使高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度保持为低。
根据本发明的燃料供应***可进一步包括控制单元(图中未示出)，所述控制单元从流量控制器(310)及温度控制器(320)接收控制信号并且基于控制信号控制流量控制阀(300)。
除了高压泵(200)之外，在燃料供应通道(SL)中还设置有气化器(400)以将液化天然气从液化天然气存储罐(T)供应至发动机(E)，气化器(400)用于接收并重新气化由高压泵(200)加压的液化天然气以及将重新气化的液化天然气供应到发动机(E)。
在此实施例中，发动机(E)是由被压缩至150巴至400巴的高压的高压气体供应燃料的高压气体喷射发动机，且可为用于船舶的推进或发电的发动机(例如，曼恩柴电气体喷射(MAN diesel electronically-gas injection，ME-GI)发动机))。
ME-GI发动机是为减少氮氧化物(NOX)及硫氧化物(SOX)的排放而开发的二冲程高压天然气喷射发动机(2-stroke high-pressure natural gas injection engine)，且可使用气体及油作为燃料，并且由被压缩至150巴至400巴的气体供应燃料。
与同等功率输出的柴油发动机相比，这种ME-GI发动机可减少污染物排放：减少23％的二氧化碳、80％的氮化合物及95％的硫化合物。
因此，当如在此实施例中一样为船舶提供使用液化天然气作为燃料来进行推进或发电的发动机时，可减少空气污染物排放。
由于要被供应至高压气体喷射发动机的由高压泵(200)加压至150巴至400巴的液化天然气处于超临界状态，因此由气化器(400)对液化天然气进行重新气化并不意味着液化天然气经历相态变化，而是意味着向液化天然气供应热能。
在此实施例中，液化天然气存储罐(T)是耐压罐。所述耐压罐可具有设计压力，所述设计压力被设定成保持在所述船舶运行期间在所述耐压罐中产生的蒸发气体或闪发气体。耐压罐的设计压力被设定为2巴或者高于2巴的、优选地为3巴至30巴的表压力(gaugepressure)。在此实施例中，所述耐压罐可为独立的存储罐，优选地为国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization，IMO)C型罐。
当液化天然气存储罐(T)是耐压罐时，燃料供应***可进一步包括由在液化天然气存储罐(T)中产生的蒸发气体供应燃料的第二发动机(E2)。图3是以上实施例的修改形式的图，所述修改形式进一步包括第二发动机。第二发动机(E2)是以比上述船舶发动机(即，第一发动机(E1))低的压力驱动的低压气体发动机。因此，可仅利用液化天然气存储罐(T)的内部压力以第二发动机的运行所需要的压力来供应蒸发气体，而不使用单独的压缩机。
第二发动机(E2)可为例如以3巴到20巴被供应燃料气体的双燃料发动机(DualFuel engine，DF engine)。另外，所述燃料供应***可进一步包括用于将蒸发气体从液化天然气存储罐(T)供应至第二发动机的蒸发气体供应线(BL)以及用于加热蒸发气体的加热器(500)。
如上所述，在根据本发明的燃料供应***中，由液下泵从船舶的液化天然气存储罐向高压泵输送液化天然气；且接着由高压泵将所述液化天然气加压至高压；随后将经过高压泵加压的液化天然气重新气化并将重新气化的液化天然气供应至船舶发动机(E)，其中将高压泵(200)上游的液化天然气返回至液化天然气存储罐(T)以确保液下泵(100)的最低流动速率，且对要返回的液化天然气的流动速率进行调节以控制高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气的温度(即，使高压泵(200)前面的液化天然气在液化天然气的液化温度以下保持过冷)。
通过高压泵被供应燃料的船舶发动机(E)可为由被压缩至150巴至400巴的高压的高压气体供应燃料的高压气体喷射发动机(例如，ME-GI发动机)。
尽管已结合附图参照一些实施例阐述了本发明，然而应理解，在不背离本发明的精神及范围的条件下，所属领域中的技术人员可作出各种修改、变化、改变及等效实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应***，包括：
液下泵，设置在船舶的液化天然气存储罐中并向所述船舶发动机供应液化天然气；
高压泵，从所述液下泵接收所述液化天然气并将所述液化天然气加压至高压；以及
返回通道，使所述高压泵上游的所述液化天然气返回至所述液化天然气存储罐，
其中对通过所述返回通道返回的所述液化天然气的流动速率进行调节，以控制所述高压泵前面的所述液化天然气的温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料供应***，进一步包括：
流量控制阀，设置在所述返回通道中；
流量控制器，控制返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的所述液化天然气的所述流动速率，以确保所述液下泵的最低流动速率；以及
温度控制器，检测所述高压泵前面的所述液化天然气的温度并控制返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的所述液化天然气的所述流动速率，以将所述高压泵前面的液化天然气的所述温度维持为低于所述液化天然气的液化温度；
其中所述流量控制阀在所述流量控制器及所述温度控制器的控制下控制返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的所述液化天然气的所述流动速率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料供应***，进一步包括：
燃料供应通道，从所述液化天然气存储罐向所述发动机供应所述液化天然气；以及
气化器，设置在所述燃料供应通道中，将来自所述高压泵的被加压的所述液化天然气重新气化，并将重新气化的所述液化天然气供应至所述发动机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃料供应***，其中所述发动机是由被压缩至150巴至400巴的高压的高压气体供应燃料的高压气体喷射发动机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃料供应***，其中所述液化天然气存储罐是耐压罐且具有设计压力，所述设计压力被设定成在所述船舶运行期间保持在所述耐压罐中产生的蒸发气体或闪发气体。
6.一种用于船舶发动机的燃料供应方法，包括：
由液下泵从船舶的液化天然气存储罐向高压泵输送液化天然气；
由所述高压泵将所述液化天然气加压至高压；
将经过所述高压泵加压的所述液化天然气重新气化；以及
将所述重新气化的所述液化天然气供应至所述船舶发动机，
其中将所述高压泵上游的所述液化天然气返回至所述液化天然气存储罐以确保所述液下泵的最低流动速率，且对要返回的所述液化天然气的流动速率进行调节以控制所述高压泵前面的所述液化天然气的温度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料供应方法，其中返回至所述液化天然气存储罐的所述液化天然气的所述流动速率被调节以将所述高压泵前面的所述液化天然气的所述温度维持为低于液化天然气的液化温度。
8.根据权利要求6所述的燃料供应方法，其中所述发动机是由被压缩至150巴至400巴的高压气体供应燃料的高压气体喷射发动机。
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