CN107403940A - A kind of new type direct methanol fuel cell - Google Patents
A kind of new type direct methanol fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107403940A CN107403940A CN201710403007.1A CN201710403007A CN107403940A CN 107403940 A CN107403940 A CN 107403940A CN 201710403007 A CN201710403007 A CN 201710403007A CN 107403940 A CN107403940 A CN 107403940A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9008—Organic or organo-metallic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The present invention relates to fuel cell field, more particularly to a kind of new type direct methanol fuel cell.The battery includes battery case successively from outside to inside, membrane electrode, anode tube, it is electrolyte liquor chamber in anode tube, is air chamber between shell and membrane electrode, the cathode terminal, anode tap in battery is connected by pad with battery case sets cathode end, anode output end respectively;The membrane electrode bag is on the surface of anode tube;The electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell sets charging aperture, and the air chamber position of shell sets air-through holes, and the air chamber bottom of shell sets water discharge orifice, and the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell sets CO2Discharge orifice.The present invention reduces the manufacturing cost of battery, structure is simplified, catalyst improves to catalytic performance and mithridatism height, the battery performance of methanol.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell field, more particularly to a kind of new type direct methanol fuel cell.
Background technology
DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC) has less energy consumption, energy density
Height, methanol abundance, cheap, simple system, run convenient, low noise advantages, it is considered to be future automobile power
With the most promising electrochmical power source of other vehicles, cause the extensive concern of people.One of material of DMFC most criticals is electricity
Electrode catalyst, it directly affects performance, stability, service life and the manufacturing cost of battery.Precious metals pt is under cryogenic
(being less than 80 DEG C) has excellent catalytic performance, and using Pt as main component, wherein PtRu is urged DMFC electrode catalyst at present
Agent has stronger CO tolerance catalysts performance and Geng Gao catalytic activity than pure Pt, it is considered to be catalysis optimal DMFC at present
Agent, but due to its it is expensive, Ru is readily soluble the defects of, the utilization rate in DMFC does not reach commercialized requirement also.People
Carry out numerous studies and prepared multiplex catalyst to improve its catalytic activity, improve resisting CO poison ability.Such as have been reported that system
For PtRuTiOX/ C and Au/TiO2PtRu catalyst, TiO2The compound dosage that can reduce precious metals pt in catalyst, improve
Catalytic performance and resisting CO poison ability, but in these catalyst precious metals pt dosage it is still very high, and catalyst using C as carry
Body, C carriers are oxidizable in actual application, influence the stability of catalyst and the performance of battery.High conductivity it is porous
Sponge like polymer polyaniline-poly- (methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2) cladding RuNi/C@TiO2Catalyst synthesis, will
It is applied, studied in DMFC, without using anode diffusion layer, simplifies battery structure and has not been reported.
The content of the invention
The problem of in background technology, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new type direct methanol fuel cell.This
Invention applies a kind of new non-platinum anode catalysts, and that replacing anode diffusion layer (does not have anode diffusion layer, anode in battery
The effect of catalyst not only plays catalytic action and also acts as anode diffusion layer), catalyst cost is reduced, simplifies electricity
Pool structure.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of new type direct methanol fuel cell, it is characterised in that:
The battery includes battery case successively from outside to inside, and membrane electrode, anode tube, it is electrolyte liquor chamber that anode tube is interior, outside
It is air chamber between shell and membrane electrode, cathode terminal, anode tap in battery are connected setting with battery case by pad respectively
Cathode end, anode output end;
The membrane electrode bag is on the surface of anode tube;
The electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell sets charging aperture, and the air chamber position of shell sets air-through holes, the sky of shell
Air chamber bottom sets water discharge orifice, and the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell sets CO2Discharge orifice.
Further, the membrane electrode from the inside to the outside successively by anode catalyst layer, Nafion membrane, cathode catalyst layer,
The compound composition of cathode diffusion layer.
Further, the hollow TiO of porous nano that the anode catalyst is coated by C2Area load RuNi Nanoalloys
Porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2) composition of high conductivity is coated afterwards;
The hollow TiO of porous nano of the C claddings2It is expressed as C@TiO2, the hollow TiO of porous nano of the C claddings2Table
Face load RuNi Nanoalloys are expressed as RuNi/C@TiO2;
The C@TiO2Mass content be RuNi/C@TiO297~99%;
The mass content sum of RuNi Nanoalloys is RuNi/C@TiO23~1%;
Ru and Ni mol ratio n in RuNi alloysRu:nNiFor 7:3~3:7;
The mol ratio of aniline and the methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2 is 2 in polymer:1;
Aniline and TiO2Mol ratio be 3~1:1.
Further, the C is nanometer C.
Further, the anode tube is porous titanium tube.
Further, the cathode end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
Further, the anode output end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
Further, the battery also includes a charging closure, covers on charging aperture;
The charging sealing cover material uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Further, the battery appearance is cylindrical or plate shaped.
The present invention is relative to the beneficial effect of prior art:
The present invention is wrapped with porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2) of high conductivity
Cover the hollow TiO of porous nano for the C claddings for having loaded RuNi Nanoalloys2The multicomponent catalyst of formation is that DMFC is anode-catalyzed
Agent.C Surface coating and RuNi alloy depositions can improve TiO2Electric conductivity, C cladding and RuNi alloy depositions is to TiO2
Synergy greatly improve TiO2To the catalytic oxidation performance of methanol.The mandruka shaped polymer of Surface coating high conductivity
Polyaniline-poly- (methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2) can further improve the electron conduction and catalytic activity of catalyst, together
When, the intermediate product such as CO is more easy to be adsorbed, is transferred to RuNi/C@TiO caused by methanol oxidation2Surface, and by direct depth oxygen
Turn to final product CO2, it is diverted by loose structure.RuNi price is far below precious metals pt, and in the catalyst its
Dosage is smaller.
In addition, the porous spongy polymer polyanaline of surface coated high conductivity-poly- (methyl-prop of 2- acrylamides -2
Sulfonic acid) anode diffusion layer can be substituted, simplify battery structure.Therefore the cost of catalyst and battery can be substantially reduced, is improved
The catalytic activity and resisting CO poison ability of catalyst, improve the performance of battery.The battery can be used as mobile phone, notebook computer,
The electrokinetic cell of the mancarried devices such as mobile phone and motorcycle, automobile etc., realizes commercial application.Can be according to actual use
Requirement, can both make micro fuel cell and battery pack, large-scale electricity fuel cell can also be made.According to practical application need
Will, battery can be made into variously-shaped.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the battery top view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the battery main view planing surface figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the section of structure of the membrane electrode of the present invention.
In figure, 1- battery cases;2- air chambers;3- cathode ends;4- membrane electrodes;5- anode output ends;6- anode tubes;
7- electrolyte liquor chambers;8- cathode diffusion layers;9- cathode catalyst layers;10-Nafion films;11- anode catalyst layers;12- air streams
Through hole;13- water discharge orifices;14- charging apertures;15- charging closures;16-CO2Discharge orifice.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention are made with detailed elaboration.These are specific
Embodiment is only not used for limiting the scope of the present invention or implementation principle for narration, and protection scope of the present invention still will with right
Ask and be defined, including obvious changes or variations made on this basis etc..
Fig. 1 is the battery top view of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the battery main view planing surface figure of the present invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, new type direct methanol fuel cell of the invention, including battery case 1, in battery case
Membrane electrode 4 is set, is air chamber 2 between shell and membrane electrode, is anode tube 6 in membrane electrode, electrolyte liquor chamber is set in anode tube
7, membrane electrode is from outside to inside cathode diffusion layer 8, cathode catalyst layer 9, Nafion membrane 10, anode catalyst layer 11, and negative electrode expands
Scattered layer is connected with battery case by pad is arranged to cathode end 3, and anode tube is connected with battery case by pad
Anode output end 5 is arranged to, the electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell sets charging aperture 14, and feed closure 15, the air chamber portion of shell
Position sets air-through holes 12, and the air chamber bottom of shell sets water discharge orifice 13, and the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell sets CO2
Discharge orifice 16.
Membrane electrode 4 is spread by anode catalyst layer 11, Nafion membrane 10, cathode catalyst layer 9, negative electrode successively from the inside to the outside
8 compound composition of layer, as shown in Figure 3.
Cathode end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material, and anode output end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.Charging
Sealing cover material uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The hollow TiO of porous nano that its researches on anode catalysts is coated by C2(C@TiO2) area load RuNi Nanoalloys
(RuNi/C@TiO2) afterwards coat high conductivity porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (methyl-prop sulphur of 2- acrylamides -2
Acid) composition;C@TiO2Content be RuNi/C@TiO297~99%, wherein C be nanometer C, RuNi Nanoalloy content it
With for RuNi/C@TiO23~1%, above-mentioned content is mass percent, RuNi mol ratio nRu:nNiFor 7:3~3:7;Polymerization
The mol ratio of aniline and the methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2 is 2 in thing:1, aniline and TiO2Mol ratio be 3~1:1.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of above-mentioned anode catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) porous hollow nano-TiO2Preparation use sol-gel process.The butyl titanate of amount of calculation is dissolved in a certain amount of
Absolute ethyl alcohol, add a certain amount of Surfactant PEG -600 and Vulcan XC-72, stir and lower absolute ethyl alcohol, ice is added dropwise
The mixture of acetic acid and deionized water, continue to stir after hydrolyzing to form colloidal sol, 2-3 days are stood after gel to be formed, 80 DEG C of vacuum
Dry after 8-10 hours after obtained powder mull in Muffle furnace 400-600 DEG C of air roasting 3 hours, porous hollow is made
TiO2Nanosphere.Butyl titanate, absolute ethyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, the dosage mol ratio of deionized water are when preparing colloidal sol:nButyl titanate:
nAbsolute ethyl alcohol:nGlacial acetic acid:nDeionized water=1:20~40:1~2.5:2~6.PEG-600 dosages are butyl titanate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionization
The 1% of water and glacial acetic acid cumulative volume.Vulcan XC-72 dosage is that butyl titanate complete hydrolysis ultimately produces TiO2Theoretical amount
30%.
(2) the porous hollow nanometer C@TiO of C claddings2Preparation:0.9g glucose be dissolved in 60mL deionized waters formed it is molten
Liquid, weigh the hollow TiO of 1.0g porous nanos2Stirring is lower to be added in glucose solution, and ultrasonic disperse moves into high pressure after 30 minutes anti-
Kettle (volume 100mL) is answered, is heated to 160 DEG C, 12h is reacted, is cooled to room temperature, is filtered, obtained black powder deionization washing
Wash, after 80 DEG C of vacuum drying, tube furnace N2Protect lower 500 DEG C of roastings 3h that the porous hollow nanometer C@TiO of C claddings are made2。
(3) by porous hollow nanometer C@TiO2Nano-carrier is added in ethylene glycol in the ratio of 50-100 mg/mls,
Ultrasonic disperse is uniform, forms porous hollow porous hollow nanometer C@TiO2Dispersion liquid;
(4) by RuCl3It is dissolved into ethylene glycol, forms the RuCl of 5-10 milligram Ru/ milliliters3/ ethylene glycol solution;
(5) by NiSO4It is dissolved into ethylene glycol, forms the NiSO of 2-4 milligram Ni/ milliliters4/ ethylene glycol solution;
(6) by the RuNi/C@TiO of synthesis2Middle WRuNi=1%, mol ratio nRu:nNiFor 7:3 ratio measures RuCl3/ second
Glycol solution and NiSO4/ ethylene glycol solution is mixed, and porous hollow TiO is added drop-wise to after ultrasonic disperse is uniform2In@C dispersion liquids;
(7) NaOH is dissolved into ethylene glycol, is configured to the NaOH ethylene glycol solutions that NaOH concentration is 2mol/L;
(8) the NaOH ethylene glycol solutions of preparation are added drop-wise in the dispersion liquid that step (6) obtains, regulation pH value is 8.5-
12;
(9) by KBH4It is dissolved into ethylene glycol and is configured to KBH4Concentration is 0.2-0.5mol/L KBH4/ ethylene glycol solution;
(10) stir, inert gas shielding, at 80-90 DEG C, KBH is added dropwise into the mixing suspension that pH value is 8.5-124/
Ethylene glycol solution, react 2-6 hours;
(11) filter after completion of the reaction, deionized water is washed into filter liquor without chlorion and sulfate ion, and 80 DEG C true
Sky is dried, and RuNi/C@TiO are made2。
(12) by 100mg RuNi/C@TiO2It is added in 150mL 2mol/L HCl solutions, ultrasonic disperse 30min, 5
232.5mg aniline is added at DEG C, 135mg o-phenylenediamines, the methyl propane sulfonic acid of 1.035g 2- acrylamides -2 and 84mg are to acetophenone
Amine, after being stirred vigorously 30min, the lower 285mg ammonium persulfate solutions for instilling 50mL and being dissolved with 2mol/L HCl are stirred, triggers and polymerize
Reaction, reacts 6h, and product is washed colourless to filtrate repeatedly with 0.1mol/L HCl solution, and 60 DEG C of vacuum drying 8h, obtained height leads
Electrical porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2) cladding RuNi/C@TiO2Catalysis
Agent.
Embodiment 2:
The amount of glucose is 0.45g in step (2), and the RuNi/C@TiO of synthesis are pressed in step (6)2Middle WRuNi=2%,
RuNi mol ratios nRu:nNi=1:1,348mg aniline in step (12), 202.5mg o-phenylenediamines, 1.5525g 2- acrylamides-
2 methyl propane sulfonic acids and 126mg are to antifebrin, and the 427.5m g ammonium persulfates of 2mol/L HCl dissolvings, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The amount of glucose is 1.8g in step (2), and the RuNi/C@TiO of synthesis are pressed in step (6)2Middle WRuNi=3%, mole
Compare nRu:nNi=3:7,116.3mg aniline in step (12), 67.5mg o-phenylenediamines, the methyl-prop of 517.5mg 2- acrylamides -2
Sulfonic acid and 42mg are to antifebrin, and the 142.5mg ammonium persulfates of 2mol/L HCl dissolvings, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. new type direct methanol fuel cell, it is characterised in that:The battery includes battery case successively from outside to inside, membrane electrode, anode tube, be electrolyte liquor chamber in anode tube, shell and It is air chamber between membrane electrode, the cathode terminal, anode tap in battery are connected by pad with battery case set negative electrode respectively Output end, anode output end;The membrane electrode bag is on the surface of anode tube;The electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell sets charging aperture, and the air chamber position of shell sets air-through holes, the air chamber of shell Bottom sets water discharge orifice, and the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell sets CO2Discharge orifice.
- A kind of 2. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The membrane electrode is compound by anode catalyst layer, Nafion membrane, cathode catalyst layer, cathode diffusion layer successively from the inside to the outside Composition.
- A kind of 3. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The hollow TiO of porous nano that the anode catalyst is coated by C2High conductivity is coated after area load RuNi Nanoalloys Porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2) composition;The hollow TiO of porous nano of the C claddings2It is expressed as C@TiO2, the hollow TiO of porous nano of the C claddings2Bear on surface Carry RuNi Nanoalloys and be expressed as RuNi/C@TiO2;The C@TiO2Mass content be RuNi/C@TiO297~99%;The mass content sum of RuNi Nanoalloys is RuNi/C@TiO23~1%;Ru and Ni mol ratio n in RuNi alloysRu:nNiFor 7:3~3:7;The mol ratio of aniline and the methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamides -2 is 2 in polymer:1;Aniline and TiO2Mol ratio be 3~1:1.
- A kind of 4. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The C is nanometer C.
- A kind of 5. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The anode tube is porous titanium tube.
- A kind of 6. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The cathode end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
- A kind of 7. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The anode output end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
- A kind of 8. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The battery also includes a charging closure, covers on charging aperture;The charging sealing cover material uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- A kind of 9. new type direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The battery appearance is cylindrical or plate shaped.
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CN109449472A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-08 | 深圳职业技术学院 | A kind of methanol fuel cell shell and preparation method thereof |
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CN102024965B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 重庆大学 | Method for improving stability of fuel cell catalyst and utilization rate of catalyst |
CN104022292B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-11-23 | 南通大学 | A kind of preparation method of TiO2@C load P dAg anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell |
CN104022289B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-01-04 | 南通大学 | A kind of DMFC RuNi/TiO2nanotube electrode and preparation method |
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CN102024965B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 重庆大学 | Method for improving stability of fuel cell catalyst and utilization rate of catalyst |
CN102110834A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-06-29 | 南通大学 | Composite anode sol-gel mobile phase direct methanol fuel cell |
CN104022292B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-11-23 | 南通大学 | A kind of preparation method of TiO2@C load P dAg anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell |
CN104022289B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-01-04 | 南通大学 | A kind of DMFC RuNi/TiO2nanotube electrode and preparation method |
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CN109449472A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-08 | 深圳职业技术学院 | A kind of methanol fuel cell shell and preparation method thereof |
CN109449472B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-08-31 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Methanol fuel cell shell and preparation method thereof |
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