CN107403940B - A kind of direct methanol fuel cell - Google Patents
A kind of direct methanol fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107403940B CN107403940B CN201710403007.1A CN201710403007A CN107403940B CN 107403940 B CN107403940 B CN 107403940B CN 201710403007 A CN201710403007 A CN 201710403007A CN 107403940 B CN107403940 B CN 107403940B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9008—Organic or organo-metallic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The present invention relates to fuel cell field more particularly to a kind of new type direct methanol fuel cells.The battery successively includes battery case from outside to inside, membrane electrode, anode tube, it is electrolyte liquor chamber in anode tube, is air chamber between shell and membrane electrode, setting cathode end, anode output end is connect by pad with battery case respectively in cathode terminal, the anode tap of battery;The membrane electrode packet is on the surface of anode tube;Charging aperture is arranged in the electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell, and air-through holes are arranged in the air chamber position of shell, and water discharge orifice is arranged in the air chamber bottom of shell, and CO is arranged in the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell2Discharge orifice.The present invention reduces the manufacturing cost of battery, structure is simplified, catalyst is high to the catalytic performance and mithridatism of methanol, battery performance improves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell field more particularly to a kind of direct methanol fuel cell.
Background technique
Direct methanol fuel cell (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC) has less energy consumption, energy density
Height, methanol abundance, cheap, system is simple, runs convenient, low noise advantages, it is considered to be future automobile power
With the most promising electrochmical power source of other vehicles, cause the extensive concern of people.The material of DMFC most critical first is that electricity
Electrode catalyst, it directly affects performance, stability, service life and the manufacturing cost of battery.Precious metals pt is under cryogenic
(less than 80 DEG C) have excellent catalytic properties, and the electrode catalyst of DMFC is using Pt as main component at present, and wherein PtRu is urged
Agent has stronger CO tolerance catalysts performance and higher catalytic activity than pure Pt, it is considered to be the optimal catalysis of DMFC at present
Agent, but due to the defects of it is expensive, Ru is readily soluble, commercialized requirement is also not achieved in the utilization rate in DMFC.People
It has conducted extensive research and prepares multiplex catalyst to improve its catalytic activity, improve resisting CO poison ability.Such as have been reported that system
For PtRuTiOX/ C and Au/TiO2PtRu catalyst, TiO2The compound dosage that can reduce precious metals pt in catalyst improves
Catalytic performance and resisting CO poison ability, but in these catalyst precious metals pt dosage it is still very high, and catalyst with C be carry
Body, C carrier is oxidizable in actual application, influences the stability of catalyst and the performance of battery.High conductivity it is porous
Sponge like polymer polyaniline-poly- (- 2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide) coats RuNi/C@TiO2Catalyst synthesis, will
It is applied, studies in direct methanol fuel cell, and anode diffusion layer is not used, and simplifies battery structure and has not been reported.
Summary of the invention
For the problems in background technique, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of direct methanol fuel cell.The present invention
Apply a kind of novel non-platinum anode catalysts, that replace anode diffusion layer (there is no anode diffusion layer in battery, it is anode-catalyzed
The effect of agent not only plays catalytic action and also acts as anode diffusion layer), catalyst cost is reduced, battery knot is simplified
Structure.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of direct methanol fuel cell, it is characterised in that:
The battery successively includes battery case from outside to inside, and membrane electrode, anode tube, interior anode tube is electrolyte liquor chamber, outside
It is air chamber between shell and membrane electrode, setting is connect by pad with battery case respectively in cathode terminal, the anode tap of battery
Cathode end, anode output end;
The membrane electrode packet is on the surface of anode tube;
Charging aperture is arranged in the electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell, and air-through holes, the sky of shell is arranged in the air chamber position of shell
Water discharge orifice is arranged in gas chamber bottom, and CO is arranged in the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell2Discharge orifice.
Further, the membrane electrode from the inside to the outside successively by anode catalyst layer, Nafion membrane, cathode catalyst layer,
The compound composition of cathode diffusion layer.
Further, the hollow TiO of porous nano that the anode catalyst is coated by C2Area load RuNi Nanoalloy
Porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (- 2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of the 2- acrylamide) composition of high conductivity is coated afterwards;
The hollow TiO of porous nano of the C cladding2It is expressed as C@TiO2, the hollow TiO of porous nano of the C cladding2Table
Face load RuNi Nanoalloy is expressed as RuNi/C@TiO2;
The C@TiO2Mass content be RuNi/C@TiO297~99%;
The sum of mass content of RuNi Nanoalloy is RuNi/C@TiO23~1%;
The molar ratio n of Ru and Ni in RuNi alloyRu:nNiFor 7:3~3:7;
The molar ratio of aniline and -2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide is 2:1 in polymer;
Aniline and TiO2Molar ratio be 3~1:1.
Further, the C is nanometer C.
Further, the anode tube is porous titanium tube.
Further, the cathode end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
Further, the anode output end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
Further, the battery further includes a charging sealing cover, is covered on charging aperture;
The charging sealing cover material uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Further, the battery appearance is cylindrical or plate shaped.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology is:
The present invention is with the porous spongy polymer polyanaline-of high conductivity poly- (- 2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide) packet
Cover the hollow TiO of porous nano for having loaded the C cladding of RuNi Nanoalloy2The multicomponent catalyst of formation is that DMFC is anode-catalyzed
Agent.The surface of C coats and RuNi alloy deposition can improve TiO2Electric conductivity, the cladding and RuNi alloy deposition of C is to TiO2
Synergistic effect greatly improve TiO2To the catalytic oxidation performance of methanol.The mandruka shaped polymer of surface cladding high conductivity
Polyaniline-poly- (- 2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide) can be further improved the electron conduction and catalytic activity of catalyst, together
When, the intermediate products such as CO that methanol oxidation generates are easier to be adsorbed, are transferred to RuNi/C@TiO2Surface, and by direct depth oxygen
Turn to final product CO2, it is diverted by porous structure.The price of RuNi be far below precious metals pt, and in the catalyst its
Dosage is smaller.
In addition, poly- (- 2 methyl-prop of 2- acrylamide of the porous spongy polymer polyanaline-of surface coated high conductivity
Sulfonic acid) anode diffusion layer can be replaced, simplify battery structure.Therefore the cost of catalyst and battery can be substantially reduced, is improved
The catalytic activity and resisting CO poison ability of catalyst, improve the performance of battery.The battery can be used as mobile phone, laptop,
The power battery of the mancarried devices such as mobile phone and motorcycle, automobile etc. realizes industrial application.It can be according to actual use
Requirement, both can be made micro fuel cell and battery pack, and also can be made large-scale electricity fuel cell.According to practical application need
It wants, battery can be made into various shape.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is battery top view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is battery main view planing surface figure of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the structure of membrane electrode of the invention.
In figure, 1- battery case;2- air chamber;3- cathode end;4- membrane electrode;5- anode output end;6- anode tube;
7- electrolyte liquor chamber;8- cathode diffusion layer;9- cathode catalyst layer;10-Nafion film;11- anode catalyst layer;12- air stream
Through-hole;13- water discharge orifice;14- charging aperture;15- charging sealing cover;16-CO2Discharge orifice.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, detailed elaboration is made to specific embodiments of the present invention.These are specific
Embodiment is only not supposed to be a limitation to the present invention for narration or implementation principle, protection scope of the present invention are still wanted with right
Subject to asking, including obvious changes or variations etc. made on this basis.
Fig. 1 is battery top view of the invention, and Fig. 2 is battery main view planing surface figure of the invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, new type direct methanol fuel cell of the invention, including battery case 1, in battery case
Membrane electrode 4 is set, is air chamber 2 between shell and membrane electrode, is anode tube 6 in membrane electrode, electrolyte liquor chamber is set in anode tube
7, membrane electrode is cathode diffusion layer 8, cathode catalyst layer 9, Nafion membrane 10, anode catalyst layer 11 from outside to inside, and cathode expands
Scattered layer, which is connect with battery case by pad, is set as cathode end 3, and anode tube is connect with battery case by pad
It is set as anode output end 5, charging aperture 14 is arranged in the electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell, and feed sealing cover 15, the air chamber portion of shell
Water discharge orifice 13 is arranged in position setting air-through holes 12, the air chamber bottom of shell, and CO is arranged in the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell2
Discharge orifice 16.
Membrane electrode 4 is successively spread by anode catalyst layer 11, Nafion membrane 10, cathode catalyst layer 9, cathode from the inside to the outside
8 compound composition of layer, as shown in Figure 3.
Cathode end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material, and anode output end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.Charging
It seals cover material and uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Its researches on anode catalysts is by the hollow TiO of porous nano that C is coated2(C@TiO2) area load RuNi Nanoalloy
(RuNi/C@TiO2) afterwards coat high conductivity poly- (- 2 methyl-prop sulphur of 2- acrylamide of porous spongy polymer polyanaline-
Acid) composition;C@TiO2Content be RuNi/C@TiO297~99%, wherein C is nanometer C, the content of RuNi Nanoalloy it
With for RuNi/C@TiO23~1%, above-mentioned content be mass percent, the molar ratio n of RuNiRu:nNiFor 7:3~3:7;Polymerization
The molar ratio of aniline and -2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide is 2:1, aniline and TiO in object2Molar ratio be 3~1:1.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of above-mentioned anode catalyst includes the following steps:
(1) porous hollow nano-TiO2Preparation use sol-gel method.The butyl titanate of calculation amount is dissolved in a certain amount of
Dehydrated alcohol, be added a certain amount of Surfactant PEG -600 and Vulcan XC-72, stir and lower dehydrated alcohol, ice is added dropwise
The mixture of acetic acid and deionized water continues to stir after hydrolyzing to form colloidal sol, stands 2-3 days after gel to be formed, 80 DEG C of vacuum
After the powder mull obtained after dry 8-10 hour in Muffle furnace 400-600 DEG C air roasting 3 hours, obtained porous hollow
TiO2Nanosphere.Butyl titanate when preparing colloidal sol, dehydrated alcohol, glacial acetic acid, deionized water dosage molar ratio are as follows: nButyl titanate:
nDehydrated alcohol: nGlacial acetic acid: nDeionized water=1:20~40:1~2.5:2~6.PEG-600 dosage is butyl titanate, dehydrated alcohol, deionization
The 1% of water and glacial acetic acid total volume.The dosage of Vulcan XC-72 is that butyl titanate complete hydrolysis ultimately produces TiO2Theoretical amount
30%.
(2) the porous hollow nanometer C@TiO of C cladding2Preparation: 0.9g glucose be dissolved in 60mL deionized water formed it is molten
Liquid weighs the hollow TiO of 1.0g porous nano2It is added with stirring in glucose solution, it is anti-that high pressure is moved into after ultrasonic disperse 30 minutes
Kettle (volume 100mL) is answered, is heated to 160 DEG C, 12h is reacted, is cooled to room temperature, is filtered, obtained black powder deionization washing
It washs, after 80 DEG C of vacuum drying, tube furnace N2Protect lower 500 DEG C of roastings 3h that the porous hollow nanometer C@TiO of C cladding is made2。
(3) by porous hollow nanometer C@TiO2Nano-carrier is added in ethylene glycol in the ratio of 50-100 mg/ml,
Ultrasonic disperse is uniform, forms porous hollow porous hollow nanometer C@TiO2Dispersion liquid;
(4) by RuCl3It is dissolved into ethylene glycol, forms 5-10 milligrams Ru/ milliliters of RuCl3/ ethylene glycol solution;
(5) by NiSO4It is dissolved into ethylene glycol, forms 2-4 milligrams Ni/ milliliters of NiSO4/ ethylene glycol solution;
(6) by the RuNi/C@TiO of synthesis2Middle WRuNi=1%, molar ratio nRu:nNiRuCl is measured for the ratio of 7:33/ second
Glycol solution and NiSO4The mixing of/ethylene glycol solution, is added drop-wise to porous hollow TiO after ultrasonic disperse is uniform2In@C dispersion liquid;
(7) NaOH is dissolved into ethylene glycol, is configured to the NaOH ethylene glycol solution that NaOH concentration is 2mol/L;
(8) the NaOH ethylene glycol solution of preparation is added drop-wise in the dispersion liquid that step (6) obtains, adjusting pH value is 8.5-
12;
(9) by KBH4It is dissolved into ethylene glycol and is configured to KBH4Concentration is the KBH of 0.2-0.5mol/L4/ ethylene glycol solution;
(10) it stirs, inert gas shielding, at 80-90 DEG C, KBH is added dropwise into the mixing suspension that pH value is 8.5-124/
Ethylene glycol solution reacts 2-6 hours;
(11) it filters after completion of the reaction, deionized water is washed into filter liquor without chloride ion and sulfate ion, and 80 DEG C true
Sky is dry, and RuNi/C@TiO is made2。
(12) by the RuNi/C@TiO of 100mg2It is added in the 2mol/L HCl solution of 150mL, ultrasonic disperse 30min, 5
232.5mg aniline is added at DEG C, 135mg o-phenylenediamine, -2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 1.035g 2- acrylamide and 84mg are to acetophenone
Amine after being vigorously stirred 30min, stirs the lower 285mg ammonium persulfate solution for instilling 50mL 2mol/L HCl and dissolving, causes and polymerize
6h is reacted in reaction, and product is washed colourless to filtrate repeatedly with the HCl solution of 0.1mol/L, and 60 DEG C of vacuum drying 8h, obtained height is led
Electrical porous spongy polymer polyanaline-poly- (- 2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide) coats RuNi/C@TiO2Catalysis
Agent.
Embodiment 2:
The amount of glucose is 0.45g in step (2), and the RuNi/C@TiO of synthesis is pressed in step (6)2Middle WRuNi=2%,
RuNi molar ratio nRu:nNi=1:1,348mg aniline in step (12), 202.5mg o-phenylenediamine, 1.5525g 2- acrylamide-
2 methyl propane sulfonic acids and 126mg are to antifebrin, and the 427.5mg ammonium persulfate of 2mol/L HCl dissolution, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The amount of glucose is 1.8g in step (2), and the RuNi/C@TiO of synthesis is pressed in step (6)2Middle WRuNi=3%, mole
Compare nRu:nNi=3:7,116.3mg aniline in step (12), 67.5mg o-phenylenediamine, -2 methyl-prop of 517.5mg 2- acrylamide
Sulfonic acid and 42mg are to antifebrin, and the 142.5mg ammonium persulfate of 2mol/L HCl dissolution, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell, it is characterised in that:
The battery successively includes battery case from outside to inside, membrane electrode, anode tube, is electrolyte liquor chamber in anode tube, shell with
It is air chamber between membrane electrode, setting cathode is connect by pad with battery case respectively in cathode terminal, the anode tap of battery
Output end, anode output end;
The membrane electrode packet is on the surface of anode tube;
Charging aperture is arranged in the electrolyte liquor chamber position of shell, and air-through holes, the air chamber of shell is arranged in the air chamber position of shell
Water discharge orifice is arranged in bottom, and CO is arranged in the anode diffusion layer bottom of shell2Discharge orifice;
The membrane electrode is successively compound by anode catalyst layer, Nafion membrane, cathode catalyst layer, cathode diffusion layer from the inside to the outside
Composition;
The anode catalyst is by the hollow TiO of porous nano that C is coated2Coated porous sponge after area load RuNi Nanoalloy
Shaped polymer polyaniline-poly- (- 2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide) composition;
The hollow TiO of porous nano of the C cladding2It is expressed as C@TiO2, the hollow TiO of porous nano of the C cladding2Surface is negative
It carries RuNi Nanoalloy and is expressed as RuNi/C@TiO2。
2. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The C@TiO2Mass content be RuNi/C@TiO297~99%;
The sum of mass content of RuNi Nanoalloy is RuNi/C@TiO23~1%;
The molar ratio n of Ru and Ni in RuNi alloyRu:nNiFor 7:3~3:7;
The molar ratio of aniline and -2 methyl propane sulfonic acid of 2- acrylamide is 2:1 in polymer;
Aniline and TiO2Molar ratio be 3~1:1.
3. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The C is nanometer C.
4. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The anode tube is porous titanium tube.
5. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The cathode end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
6. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The anode output end uses stainless steel, copper or titanium material.
7. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The battery further includes a charging sealing cover, is covered on charging aperture;
The charging sealing cover material uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
8. a kind of direct methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The battery appearance is cylindrical or plate shaped.
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Citations (4)
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CN102110834A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-06-29 | 南通大学 | Composite anode sol-gel mobile phase direct methanol fuel cell |
CN102024965B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 重庆大学 | Method for improving stability of fuel cell catalyst and utilization rate of catalyst |
CN104022292B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-11-23 | 南通大学 | A kind of preparation method of TiO2@C load P dAg anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell |
CN104022289B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-01-04 | 南通大学 | A kind of DMFC RuNi/TiO2nanotube electrode and preparation method |
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2017
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102024965B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 重庆大学 | Method for improving stability of fuel cell catalyst and utilization rate of catalyst |
CN102110834A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-06-29 | 南通大学 | Composite anode sol-gel mobile phase direct methanol fuel cell |
CN104022292B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-11-23 | 南通大学 | A kind of preparation method of TiO2@C load P dAg anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell |
CN104022289B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-01-04 | 南通大学 | A kind of DMFC RuNi/TiO2nanotube electrode and preparation method |
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