CN107394017B - 发光二极管及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种发光二极管结构及其制备方法,其特征在于利用MOCVD或是MBE在发光二极管p型限制层与GaP电流扩展层之间通过金属液滴外延的方法生长张应力量子点结构,这种结构可以有效的降低p型限制层与GaP电流扩展层间的界面非辐射复合,改善窗口层晶体质量,提升发光二级管的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光二极管及其制备方法,属发光二极管外延生长领域。
背景技术
四元系AlGaInP是一种具有直接宽带隙的半导体材料,发光波段可以覆盖可见光的红光到黄绿波段,由此制成的发光二极管受到广泛关注。
P-GaP因其较好的光学和电学特性常作为GaAs基四元系AlGaInP的电流扩展层,进行横向扩展后将电流注入发光区,但是由于GaP与GaAs衬底及AlGaInP有源层及限制层存在较大的晶格失配(其晶格失配度达3.5%);通过MOCVD在直接AlGaInP上生长失配的p-GaP电流扩展层,会在界面处形成大量的位错缺陷,造成严重的界面非辐射复合,影响LED的发光性能及老化性能等。
发明内容
本发明基于以上现象,通过金属液滴外延的生长方式,在形成p型限制层后,进行Ga液滴外延,通过钻孔效应,形成量子坑,再进行GaP电流扩展层的生长;这样可以在p型限制层上形成张应力GaP量子点,从而有效降低GaP/AlGaInP界面的非辐射复合;此外,由于张应力量子点的引入,可以有效提升GaP电流扩展层的晶体质量,降低位错密度,改善LED的老化性能和电学性能。
本发明的技术方案为:一种发光二极管,依次包括:n型限制层,量子阱有源区,p型限制层,GaP张应力量子点结构和GaP电流扩展层。
优选地,所述GaP量子点位于所述p型限制层内侧。
优选地,所述GaP张应力量子点密度大于1×108 cm-2。
本发明同提供一种发光二极管的制备方法,依次形成n型限制层,量子阱有源区,p型限制层,GaP张应力量子点结构和电流扩展层。
优选的,对于正装LED结构,可在GaAs衬底上进行GaAs缓冲层,DBR结构生长,再形成上述材料层;对于倒装LED结构,可在GaAs衬底上进行GaAs缓冲层、腐蚀截止层、及欧姆接触层和n型电流扩展生长,再形成上述材料层。
优选地,所述发光二极管的制备方法中,在形成p型限制层后,进行下面步骤:
(1)中断V族源的通入,进行Ga液滴生长;
(2)停止通入Ga源,中断Ga液滴生长,进行原位退火;
(3)生长电流扩展层。
优选地,通过控制生长温度及生长速率,在p型限制层形成高密度尺寸均匀的Ga液滴量子点,其密度大于1×108 cm-2。在一些实施例中,所述Ga液滴的生长速率为0.1ML/s~10ML/s,生长温度为450-620℃。
优选地,停止通入Ga源,中断Ga液滴生长,在MOCVD或MBE中进行原位退火,通过控制退火温度及退火时间,使Ga液滴在p型限制层上形成高密度量子坑结构。在一些实施例中,退火温度可控制在450℃~700℃之间,退火时间控制在10s~1000s之间。
优选地,在反应腔中通入V族PH3源,进行退火,阻止Ga液滴的进一步的钻孔,使其形成Ga-P键,并消除部分缺陷。
优选地,在上述结构上进行GaP电流扩展层及接触层生长,完成LED结构生长。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。此外,附图数据是描述概要,不是按比例绘制。
图1 是本发明第一个实施例涉及到的一种GaAs基发光二极管结构示意图。
图2是本发明第二个实施例涉及到的一种GaAs基发光二极管结构示意图。
图中:
100:GaAs衬底;
101:DBR结构
121:蚀刻截止层;
122:n型欧姆接触层;
102:n型电流扩展层;
103:n型限制层;
104:空间本征层;
105:有源层;
106:空间本征层;
107:p型限制层;
108:量子坑结构层;
109:GaP电流扩展层;
110:欧姆接触层。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是,只要不构成冲突,本发明中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合,所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
请参看图1,一种四元系发光二极管的外延结构,从下到上依次包括GaAs衬底100、蚀刻截止层121、n型欧姆接触层122、n型电流扩展层102、n型限制层103、空间本征层104、有源层105、空间本征层106、p型限制层107、GaP电流扩展层109和欧姆接触层110,其中p型限制层107靠近GaP电流扩展层109的一侧具有一系列量子坑结构108,GaP电流扩展层填充至该量子坑结构内形成GaP量子点结构。下面结合制作方法对其结构进行详细说明。
首先,通过MOCVD或是MBE在GaAs衬底100上形成GaAs缓冲层,再依次生长腐蚀截止层121,及n型欧姆接触层122,n型电流扩展层102, n型限制层103,空间本征层104,有源层105,空间本征层106及p型限制层107等LED基本结构。其中蚀刻截止层121可以为GaInP,N型欧姆接触层122可以选用GaAs,有源层105可为多量子阱结构,其材料可为AlGaInP、GaInP、AlGaAs、AlGaInAs、AlGaInAsP等,n型限制层102和p型限制层107的材料根据有源层105的带隙进行选择,对于发光波长为670nm以上的有源层,其带隙较低,覆盖层可以直接选用AlGaAs或AlGaInP即可,对于发光波长为670nm以下,特别是640nm以下的有源层,其带隙较大,一般为1.9eV以上,则覆盖层需要采用高带隙材料,一般选用AlbIn1-bP材料(0<b≤0.5)。
接着,中断V族源的通入,进行Ga液滴生长,控制生长温度为450℃~620℃、生长速率为0.1ML/s~10ML/s,在p型限制层107形成高密度尺寸均匀的Ga液滴量子点,其密度大于1×108 cm-2;然后停止通入Ga源,中断Ga液滴生长,在MOCVD或MBE中进行原位退火,控制退火温度为450℃~700℃、退火时间为10s~1000s,使Ga液滴在p型限制层107上形成高密度量子坑结构108;在上述结构上进行GaP电流扩展层109及欧姆接触层110生长,完成LED结构生长。生长GaP电流扩展层后,GaP能够填充Ga液滴形成的量子坑结构108,完成GaP张应力量子点的生长。
实施例2
请参看图2,本实施例公开了另一种四元系发光二极管的外延结构,从下到上依次包括GaAs衬底100、DBR结构101、n型电流扩展层102、n型限制层103、空间本征层104、有源层105、空间本征层106、p型限制层107、GaP电流扩展层109和欧姆接触层110,其中p型限制层107靠近GaP电流扩展层109的一侧具有一系列量子坑结构108,GaP电流扩展层填充至该量子坑结构内形成GaP量子点结构。下面结合制作方法对其结构进行详细说明。
首先,通过MOCVD或是MBE在GaAs衬底100上生长GaAs缓冲层,再依次生长DBR结构101、n型电流扩展层102、n型限制层103、空间本征层104、多量子阱有源层105、空间本征层106及p型限制层107等LED基本结构。
完成p型限制层107生长后,中断V族源的通入,进行Ga液滴生长,控制生长温度为450℃~620℃、生长速率为0.1ML/s~10ML/s,在p型限制层形成高密度尺寸均匀的Ga液滴量子点;接着,停止通入Ga源,中断Ga液滴生长,在MOCVD或MBE中进行原位退火,通过控制退火温度及退火时间,使Ga液滴在p型限制层上形成高密度量子坑结构108;然后,在反应腔中通入V族PH3源,进行退火;在上述结构上进行GaP电流扩展层及欧姆接触层110生长,完成LED结构生长。
在本实施例中,在完成Ga液滴生长后,先进行原位退火形成量子坑结构,接着通入V族PH3源进行二次退火,可以阻止Ga液滴的进一步的钻孔,使其形成Ga-P键,并消除部分点缺陷,可以有效提升GaP电流扩展层的晶体质量,降低位错密度,改善LED的老化性能和电学性能。
很明显地,本发明的说明不应理解为仅仅限制在上述实施例,而是包括利用本发明构思的所有可能的实施方式。
Claims (10)
1.一种发光二极管,依次包括:n型限制层,量子阱有源区,p型限制层,GaP张应力量子点结构和GaP电流扩展层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管,其特征在于:所述GaP张应力量子点位于所述p型限制层内侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管,其特征在于:所述GaP张应力量子点密度大于1×108 cm-2。
4.发光二极管的制备方法,依次形成n型限制层,量子阱有源区,p型限制层,GaP张应力量子点结构和GaP电流扩展层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的发光二极管的制备方法,其特征在于:在形成p型限制层后,进行下面步骤:
(1)中断V族源的通入,进行Ga液滴生长;
(2)停止通入Ga源,中断Ga液滴生长,进行原位退火;
(3)生长电流扩展层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的发光二极管的制备方法,其特征在于:Ga液滴的生长温度在大于Ga的熔点及Ga源的分解温度。
7.根据权利要求5所述的发光二极管的制备方法,特征在于:Ga液滴在p型限制层上形成Ga液滴量子点结构,其密度大于1×108 cm-2。
8.根据权利要求5所述的发光二极管的制备方法,特征在于:Ga液滴量子点在中断Ga液滴生长后,通过原位退火过程,在p型限制层上形成量子坑结构。
9.根据权利要求书8所述的发光二极管的制备方法,其特征在于:生长电流扩展层,其材料填充Ga液滴形成的坑,形成张应力量子点。
10.根据权利要求5所述的发光二极管的制备方法,其特征在于:在完成(2)后,在反应腔中通入V族P源,进行退火,然后进行步骤(3)。
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CN105934832A (zh) * | 2014-01-27 | 2016-09-07 | Qd激光公司 | 半导体发光元件 |
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