CN1073866C - 用于多组分混合物连续分馏的分壁式蒸馏塔 - Google Patents
用于多组分混合物连续分馏的分壁式蒸馏塔 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种利用蒸馏将一混合物分离成三种或更多种组分的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中,至少一个分隔壁被可拆卸地安装在蒸馏塔内,所述的分隔壁是由在纵向上细分液体和蒸汽流的,直接安装在蒸馏塔填料中与填料构成一体的或不固定连接的分隔元件构成,所述分隔元件呈屋顶形,该屋顶形分隔元件由分隔壁(3)和与其搭接的薄条带(5)、导流板(6)和分隔板(7)构成。
Description
本发明涉及一种利用蒸馏将一混合物分离成三种或更多种组分的新的分壁式蒸馏塔,以及一种利用蒸馏分离混合物的改进方法。
已有各种方法用于多组分混合物的连续分馏。在最简单的情况下,所供给的混合物被分馏成二种组分,一种低沸点的在上部馏出的组分和一种高沸点的在底部的组分。当所供给的混合物要分离成二种以上的组分时,在已有的各种方法中必须使用多个蒸馏塔。当分离多组分混合物时,为了减少设备的费用,如果可能,使用具有蒸汽或液体侧流被分出的蒸馏塔。然而,使用具有分出侧流的蒸馏塔的潜力由于作为侧流分出的产品绝不可能完全纯净而受到极大的限制。当侧流在浓缩区通常以液体形式被分出时,侧流产品仍含有低沸点的组分,这些组分将从上部被分出。相应地,在汽提区一般以蒸汽形式被分出的侧流仍含有高沸点组分。因此,具有分出侧流的蒸馏塔的使用受到限制,在这种蒸馏塔中,不纯的侧流产品是被允许的。
在下面的一些分壁式蒸馏塔提供了一种补偿方法。这种类型的蒸馏塔被描述在DE3302525A1和一些专业文献中,如chem.Eng.Technol.10(1987)第92-98页和chem.-Ing.-Tech.61(1989)No.2第104-112页。采用上述类型的蒸馏塔,所分出的侧流产品可以是纯净的。这就使在分离多组分混合物时所要求的蒸馏塔的总体数量可减少。由于这种类型的蒸馏塔为一种简化的热偶蒸馏塔,其能量消耗特别低,各种热偶蒸馏塔同样被描述在所说的专业文献中。与传统蒸馏塔相比,分壁式蒸馏塔的能量消耗和投资费用是其30%,因此,被越来越广范地在工业中使用。
由于分隔壁安装在蒸馏塔内,所使用的分壁式蒸馏塔的缺点是,它们与传统蒸馏塔相比具有不同的机械结构。对其结构改进要花费很大费用并需很长的停机时间。因此,到目前为此,分壁式蒸馏塔的使用主要限于重新配置。在结构改进时,经常使用一转换器来拆衷解决热偶蒸馏塔。
本发明的一个目的的是克服所说的缺点,并进一步简化现有分壁式蒸馏塔的改装和分壁式蒸馏塔新组合。
本发明的目的可以由一种分壁式蒸馏塔所实现,该蒸馏塔利用蒸馏将一混合物分离成三种或更多种组分,其中,至少一个分隔壁是可拆卸地安装在分壁式蒸馏塔内,所述的分隔壁是由在纵向上细分液体和蒸汽流的,直接安装在蒸馏塔填料中与填料构成一体的或不固定连接的分隔元件构成,所述分隔元件呈屋顶形,该屋顶形分隔元件由分隔壁(3)和与其搭接的薄条带(5)、导流板(6)和分隔板(7)构成。此外,本发明还提供了使用所说分壁式蒸馏塔通过蒸馏分离混合物的方法。
下面参照附图详细描述这种新颖的分壁式蒸馏塔。
图1表示一种至今一直在使用的具有一固定分隔壁(1)的分壁式蒸馏塔(2)。
图2表示一种新颖的具有一些可拆卸的上下叠置的分隔壁(3)的分壁式蒸馏塔(2)。
根据本发明,所提供的一种特别的结构布置不需要在蒸馏塔内安装分隔壁。这种新颖的带有或不带有填料的分壁式蒸馏塔在柱体内没有固定的,例如焊接的分隔壁。第一种可能的结构是,在纵向上的液体和蒸汽流的细分由直接安装在蒸馏塔填料(图3)中的分隔元件完成。分隔壁3为与填料4构成一体的结构元件,并固定在填料上,连接在填料上的板3的壁厚大约为0.1至3mm,优选是1至2mm,它比在塔体中带固定分隔壁情况下的壁厚明显地小,在那种情况下优选壁厚为5-10mm。这些填料,特别是在改装现有蒸馏塔中的填料使成本降低,并缩短了再装配次数。
为了密封上下叠置的填料层,与填料构成一体的呈屋顶形分隔壁是合适的,图3表示了一种简单的结构方案,在该方案中,在顶部和底端与填料4构成一体的分隔壁3比填料4长1至10mm,在底端,壁具有附加的薄条带5,该薄条带5大约10至20mm宽,0.1至2mm厚。当各填料层被组装时,一屋顶形的搭接被形成,这种搭接可防止液体穿过,并且还可有效地密封,防止蒸汽穿过。其它在工程中通常采用的密封结构也可以替换这种特别简单的结构方案。
另外较简单的可能方案是,分隔壁不与填料构成一整体,而是在各填料4之间构成不固定的连接,该未固定的壁3的厚度大约为0.5至3mm,优选为1至2mm(图4)。填料可用于相同的设计,该设计具有通常固定连接在分隔壁上的液体导流板6和分隔板7。在这种情况下,安装用于密封的薄条带5也是有利的。每个壁3的高度与填料层的高度相应,或者大于后者的高度。
由用于工业制造好的蒸馏塔可看出,有足够的圆度的大直径蒸馏塔,和要求中等沸点(medium-boiler)的馏分有中等纯度的情况下,不需要由密封元件提供的横向密封。只在塔截面十分不圆以及中等沸点馏分的产品规格大于约99.8%的情况下才有这种要求。在整体构成的分隔壁和蒸馏塔壁之间的间隙不应大于1至2mm。如果要有横向密封,一种简单的方法是,安装一由薄片制成的弹性密封唇8,该密封唇用于蒸馏塔壁9的密封。
更为有效的是,由于连接到填料层上的分隔壁不能完全密封,由较低或较高沸点组分造成的中等沸点馏分的污染可由沿蒸馏塔高度分布的压力所避免,该压力以这种方式受纵向分段的两侧所影响,使在排出侧的压力总是稍高或等于供入侧的压力。该压力可以用简单的方式由填料的末端升高来实现,即在排出侧比在供入侧有一较大的填料高度或有较高的压力降,例如这是由于填料具有较窄的流通横截面。
使用通常的不带构成一体的分隔壁的填料层,以及将分隔壁分开地优选是非固定地安装在塔体内也是可能的。特别简单的是,在蒸馏塔壁上安装U形导轨10,分隔壁3被推入该导轨中(图6)。在这种情况下,分隔壁可制得较长,例如1至2m,以使分隔壁的数量减小,该壁的厚度大约为3至10mm,以使其达到足够的刚度。
采用这种分隔壁的设计,可以使用不规则填料,例如鲍尔环。如果这种非固定的分隔壁远离蒸馏塔截面中心安装,由于其它的横向密封不能被足够地保证,一导向件总是必要的。
在各填料层之间的液体收集器和液体分配器的区域内,在每个区域中提供一个用作纵向细分的单板件是非常合适的。
在板式塔中,用双流塔板构成纵向细分部件是最简单。在这种情况下,采用矩形平板就足够了,该板被推入U形导轨中,该导轨被安装在蒸馏塔壁、塔板的上部和/或下部上。
由于降液管也必需细分,筛板、浮阀塔板和泡罩塔板要求具有更复杂的纵向细分几何结构。当各纵向细分都垂直于溢流堰布置时,结构是最简单的。
当使用本发明的分壁式蒸馏塔进行分离混合物的蒸馏时,该分壁式蒸馏塔优选以这样的方式工作,即在排出侧的压力大于或等于供入侧的压力。
Claims (9)
1、一种利用蒸馏将一混合物分离或三种或更多种组分的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中至少一个分隔壁是可拆卸地安装在该分壁式蒸馏塔内,所述的分隔壁是由在纵向上细分液体和蒸汽流的,直接安装在蒸馏塔填料中与填料构成一体的或不固定连接的分隔元件构成,所述分隔元件呈屋顶形,该屋顶形分隔元件由分隔壁(3)和与其搭接的薄条带(5)、导流板(6)和分隔板(7)构成。
2、根据权利要求1所述的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中该分隔壁或各分隔壁被非固定地安装在导轨上,导轨设在蒸馏塔壁上。
3、根据权利要求1至2任一项所述的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中各纵向细分的分隔壁安装在填料层的一侧,并且是厚度为0.1至3mm板。
4、根据权利要求3所述的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中所述各板在上部或下部超过填料层1至10mm,并且在板的底部有一宽10至20mm,厚0.1至2mm的薄条带,该薄条带仅在其顶边与分隔壁相连。
5、根据权利要求3至4任一项所述的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中分隔壁是被非固定地安装在各填料之间厚度为0.5至3mm的板。
6、根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中由弹性密封唇构成各分隔壁的横向密封。
7、根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的分壁式蒸馏塔,其中该蒸馏塔为板式蒸馏塔。
8、一种利用蒸馏将一混合物分离成三种或更多种组分的方法,其中使用权利要求1至7任一所述的一种分壁式蒸馏塔。
9、根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中该分壁式蒸馏塔以这样的方式工作,即在排出侧的压力大于或等于供入侧的压力。
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DE19617210A DE19617210A1 (de) | 1996-04-30 | 1996-04-30 | Trennwandkolonne zur kontinuierlichen destillativen Zerlegung von Mehrstoffgemischen |
DE19617210.1 | 1996-04-30 |
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EP (1) | EP0804951B1 (zh) |
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KR (1) | KR100445277B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1073866C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2203821C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19617210A1 (zh) |
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- 1997-04-22 DE DE59708164T patent/DE59708164D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-22 EP EP97106627A patent/EP0804951B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-22 ES ES97106627T patent/ES2183038T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-25 CA CA002203821A patent/CA2203821C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-29 KR KR1019970016097A patent/KR100445277B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-29 MY MYPI97001859A patent/MY119558A/en unknown
- 1997-04-30 JP JP9112555A patent/JPH1033901A/ja active Pending
- 1997-04-30 CN CN97113020A patent/CN1073866C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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CA2203821C (en) | 2005-04-05 |
KR100445277B1 (ko) | 2004-11-16 |
JPH1033901A (ja) | 1998-02-10 |
DE19617210A1 (de) | 1997-11-06 |
CN1177513A (zh) | 1998-04-01 |
US5914012A (en) | 1999-06-22 |
EP0804951A2 (de) | 1997-11-05 |
CA2203821A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
EP0804951B1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
ES2183038T3 (es) | 2003-03-16 |
EP0804951A3 (de) | 1998-04-08 |
MY119558A (en) | 2005-06-30 |
DE59708164D1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
KR970069072A (ko) | 1997-11-07 |
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