CN107372653B - Medicament and the application of snail are prevented and treated in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production - Google Patents
Medicament and the application of snail are prevented and treated in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of medicament for prevention and treatment snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, and the medicament is one of Chinese ash seed, buttercup, sheep hoof, fructus ulmi or multiple combinations；Each drug is compounded according to arbitrary proportion in combination.The medicament that the present invention prevents and treats snail is significant to snail control efficiency, according to experimental observation, reaches as high as 100% to the preventive effect of snail, prevents and treats period longest up to 30 days.Control method of the present invention is simple, efficient, pollution-free, environmentally protective.The present invention prevents and treats the medicament of snail, is particularly suitable for facility plastic greenhouse plantation or dendrobium candidum organic farming, and application method is simple, easy to operate, is particularly suitable for using in large-scale planting.For dendrobium candidum organic farming, to reach without the use of chemical agent, green, organic, safe target.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural pests Control Technology field, in particular to snail is prevented and treated in a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation production
Medicament and application.
Background technique
Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) is orchid family dendrobium perennial grass
This plant is the traditional rare medicinal herbs in China.It occupies first of Chinese nine big mesonas, has reinforcing stomach reg fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat, clearing liver bright
Mesh, strengthen immunity and other effects.
Dendrobium candidum is applied more and more extensive in medicinal and healthcare field in recent years, and dendrobium officinale resource long-term is unlimited
Amount excavation, is on the verge of exhaustion, thus, country encourages seedling breeding and artificial cultivation technique research energetically.Nearly 10 years in zhejiang and other places
Artificial growth area increases sharply, and artificial cultivation technique is substantially achieved solution.Artificial growth dendrobium candidum Main Patterns have facility
Two kinds of greenhouse gardening, imitating wild planting, since two ways belongs to intensive cropping, in cultivation, if mismanagement,
The often insect pest of occurrence of large-area causes dendrobium candidum to drop in production over a large area even and has no harvest.
Dendrobium candidum plantation is upper easily to occur pest and disease damage, such as snail, red spider, luxuriant and rich with fragrance armored scale, root rot, anthracnose.Iron sheet
Dendrobium nobile likes the environment of warm and moist weather and half yin and half yang, and the subterranean pest-insects such as snail like dark environment, therefore, dendrobium candidum
It is subject to the insect pest based on snail, slug and snail.Such pests plant tender shoots, tender leaf, even fleshy stem, after causing harm
It is slow to often result in plant strain growth, is seriously then short of seedling dead, underproduction total crop failure；And their left white mucus and excrement pair when creeping
The growth of dendrobium nobile and its unfavorable, has seriously affected the quality of dendrobium nobile.Moreover, such harmful mollusk can also hide in seedbed
Or raise up seed in matrix, serious extent, period are long, it is difficult to thoroughly prevention and treatment.
Currently, prevention and treatment snail, slug and the harmful molluscan method of snail have chemical prevention and cultural control.Chemistry is anti-
It controls and is mainly killed using chemical agent, the main component of this kind of medicament is the methaldehyde.But four are largely spread fertilizer over the fields for a long time
Metacetaldehyde is easily adsorbed by dendrobium nobile root system in matrix, is influenced fresh product safety, is especially in dendrobium candidum organic farming
Do not allow using.Usually way is exactly to have certain prevention and control using harmful molluscan walking path is blocked in terms of cultural control
Effect.But this control method implements relatively complicated, and effect is often bad.Therefore, new, environmentally protective snail is developed
Ox control method is the task of top priority for guaranteeing dendrobium candidum yield and quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide medicament and applications that snail is prevented and treated in a kind of production of officinal dendrobium stem plantation, effectively
Solve pesticide residue caused by existing chemical prevention snail and the ineffective problem of cultural control.Control method letter of the present invention
It is single, efficient, it is pollution-free, environmentally protective.
For this purpose, one aspect of the present invention, provides a kind of for preventing and treating the medicament of snail, the medicine in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production
Agent is one of Chinese ash seed, buttercup, sheep hoof, fructus ulmi or multiple combinations；Each drug is compounded according to arbitrary proportion in combination.
Preferably, the medicament is buttercup and fructus ulmi, according to any proportion compounding.
It is highly preferred that the medicament is the combination of Chinese ash seed, buttercup and fructus ulmi, according to any proportion compounding.
Most preferably, the medicament be Chinese ash seed, buttercup, fructus ulmi according to 1:4:8 weight ratio compound.
The preparation method and application method of the medicament of snail are prevented and treated in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production of the present invention: by medicinal material drying
Afterwards, profit is sprayed with the vinegar of medicinal material weight 1-2%, is crushed to 80-120 mesh, medicinal powder is made.Direct Uniform is spread fertilizer over the fields in matrix, and
Drench suitable quantity of water.Medicinal powder dosage is that every square metre of matrix spreads fertilizer over the fields 50-100g.
It is used alternatively, extract is made in said medicine, the preparation method of extract is: weighing traditional Chinese medicinal components, 10- is added
75% ethyl alcohol of 40 times of amounts impregnates, and in 60 DEG C of -80 DEG C of extracting 2h-4h, extracts 3 times, merging filtrate, is concentrated and dried, is extracted
Object.Application method: extract is dissolved in the water according to the concentration of 0.1%-5%, the vinegar of 0.1%-0.2% is added, uniformly
It is sprayed onto matrix.Extract dosage is every square metre of matrix 1-5g.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of dendrobium officinale culture medium, and the matrix contains the medicine of above-mentioned prevention and treatment snail
Agent.Medicament additional amount is the 0.1-1.5% of matrix weight.It is uniformly mixed i.e. after above-mentioned medicament is added in routine culture matrix
Can, which can effectively prevent the pest and disease damages such as snail.
The present invention prevents and treats the medicament of snail, is particularly suitable for facility plastic greenhouse plantation or dendrobium candidum organic farming, application side
Method is simple, easy to operate, is particularly suitable for using in large-scale planting.For dendrobium candidum organic farming, it is without the use of to reach
Chemical agent, green, organic, safe target.
The present invention can get it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the medicament of present invention prevention and treatment snail is significant to snail control efficiency, according to experimental observation, to the preventive effect highest of snail
Up to 100%, period longest is prevented and treated up to 30 days.To dendrobium candidum, other pest and disease damages also have certain inhibition or preventive and therapeutic effect.
2, the present invention prevention and treatment snail medicament be it is pure natural, there is no any adverse effect to Growth of Dendrobium candidum, very greatly
Degree reduces chemical classes pesticide spraying.It ensure that the edible safety of dendrobium candidum.
3, the raw material that the present invention selects is common, preparation method is simple and at low cost, is easy to grasp and promote and apply.Especially
It is suitble to dendrobium candidum large-scale planting region.Medicament of the present invention can be mixed with matrix in advance, and being made has prevention and treatment snail etc.
The matrix of pest and disease damage, using more convenient.
4, dendrobium candidum yield and dendrobium candidum quality are improved.Statistical result shows trial zone yield (g/m2) it is 321.3
± 10.6, control zone 287.5 ± 21.7, volume increase 11.75%, and be averaged thick stem length, stem, the number of blade and polyoses content
It is improved, improves quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is each test group (A-I) of table 2 of the present invention and the dendrobium candidum plant that control group (CK) in July, 2017 harvests
Comparison.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention and its generated technical effect are carried out below with reference to specific test method and attached drawing
Further elucidated above, the following description is only intended to explain the invention, but the present invention is limited in any way, based on this
It is any made by invention introduction to transform or replace, it all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a kind of medicament for prevention and treatment snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, the medicament is Chinese ash seed powder
End.By Chinese ash seed it is dry after, after the vinegar spray profit of medicinal material weight 1%, be crushed to 80 mesh, directly spread fertilizer over the fields in matrix, then spray
With suitable quantity of water.Every square metre of dosage is 100g.
Embodiment 2, a kind of medicament for prevention and treatment snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, the medicament is Chinese ash powder of seeds
With buttercup powder.After Chinese ash seed and buttercup drying, it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, after the vinegar spray profit of medicinal material total weight 2%,
According to Chinese ash powder of seeds: buttercup powder=1:1 (weight ratio) mixing is directly spread fertilizer over the fields in matrix.Every square metre of dosage is 50g.
Embodiment 3, a kind of medicament for prevention and treatment snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, the medicament is Japanese Dock Root.
After sheep hoof drying, 120 mesh are crushed to, after the vinegar spray profit of medicinal material weight 2%, are directly spread fertilizer over the fields in matrix.Every square metre
Dosage is 100g.
Embodiment 4, it is a kind of for officinal dendrobium stem plantation production in prevent and treat snail medicament, the medicament be fructus ulmi powder and
Buttercup powder.After fructus ulmi, buttercup drying, it is crushed to 90 mesh respectively, it is mixed according to fructus ulmi powder, buttercup powder 1:3 (weight ratio)
It closes, after the vinegar spray profit of medicinal material weight 1.5%, directly spreads fertilizer over the fields in matrix.Every square metre of dosage is 80g.
Embodiment 5, a kind of medicament for prevention and treatment snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, the medicament is fructus ulmi, buttercup
With Chinese ash powder of seeds.After fructus ulmi, buttercup, the drying of Chinese ash seed, it is crushed to 90 mesh respectively, Chinese ash seed: buttercup: fructus ulmi=1:4:8
(weight ratio) mixing is directly spread fertilizer over the fields after the vinegar spray profit of medicinal material weight 2% in matrix.Every square metre of dosage is 80g.
Embodiment 6, a kind of medicament for prevention and treatment snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, the medicament is fructus ulmi, buttercup
With Chinese ash seed extract.10-40 times of 75% ethyl alcohol measured is added in traditional Chinese medicinal components, impregnates, and in 60 DEG C of -80 DEG C of extracting 2h-4h, takes out
It mentions 3 times, merging filtrate, is concentrated and dried, obtains extract.According to Chinese ash seed extract: ranunculus japonicus extract: fructus ulmi extract=1:
The ratio of 2:3 compounds.Application method: extract is dissolved in the water according to 0.5% concentration, 0.1% vinegar is added, uniformly
It is sprayed onto matrix.
Embodiment 7, a kind of dendrobium officinale culture medium, use edible mushroom waste residue, peanut shell for raw material；Peanut shell adds water logging
Bubble 20-24 hour or edible fungi residue crush after, carry out accumulation processing, with plastic film seal cover, fermentation cure 20~
40 days, obtain curing matrix.Above-mentioned edible mushroom waste residue is cured 6 parts of matrix, is uniformly mixed with 8 parts of peanut shell curing matrix, so
Afterwards, the medicament powder of the preparation of embodiment 5 is added to get the dendrobium candidum that can prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as snail according to weight ratio 1.0%
Cultivation matrix.
Embodiment 8, a kind of dendrobium officinale culture medium, 20 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of peanut shell, 20 parts of sawdust, pine bark 20
Part and 3 parts of manure of livestock and poultry, 100~110 DEG C of steam treatments of high temperature, bank up fermentation 20 days~50 days.After fermentation, according to weight ratio
0.1% is added the medicament of prevention and treatment snail prepared by embodiment 6 to get the officinal dendrobium stem plantation base that can prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as snail
Matter.
Test example 1, the effect of chemical control research for preventing and treating dendrobium candidum snail
In May, 2017 in Dezhou Qingyun officinal dendrobium stem plantation base, carries out snail controlling experiment, chooses the iron of early squaring
Skin dendrobium nobile chooses the consistent growing area of growing state, is randomly divided into each test group and control group, each group test area is identical.Examination
Test group medication a design such as table 1.Preparation method is: after medicinal material drying, after the vinegar spray profit of medicinal material weight 1-2%, being crushed to
The medicinal powder of 80-120 mesh.When wherein test group medication is that multicomponent compounds, ratio is to wait than mixing.Each group formulation rate is often flat
Square rice 100g, spraying time are 16:00 on May 10th, 2017.Control group is without any processing.
Investigation method: insect population is investigated before application, each experimental plot is selected, and 2 square metres every, every square meter is put at 4 points
6 fresh cucumber slices are set, with the snail quantity on absolute-value scheme statistics cucumber slice.Snail survival number, meter are investigated after application
Calculate control efficiency.
Table 1
The present invention carries out the research of snail preventive effect by a large number of experiments early period, selected 4 taste Chinese medicine.4 kinds of component pharmacology are as follows: hair
Gelsemium, it is acrid in flavour and warm in nature, it is toxic；There is removing jaundice, preventing malaria is relievingd asthma, analgesic, the effect of detumescence.To Grain-positive and negative bacteria, Candida albicans
Bacterium has inhibiting effect.Sheep hoof is bitter；It is cold in nature.Return heart；Liver；Large intestine channel.Clearing away heat and loosing the bowels；Cooling blood and hemostasis；Desinsection is antipruritic.The major functions: big
Constipation knot；Hematemesis and epistaxis；Hematochezia；Hemorrhoid blood；Metrorrhagia and metrostaxis；Scabies；It is white bald；Ulcerative carbuncle pyogenic infections；Traumatic injury.Bald scabies is disturbed, except heat,
Woman's erosion of vulva.Fructus ulmi, nature and flavor are pungent, bitter, put down.Major function disperse accumulation desinsection.For infantile malnutrition, roundworm disease, enterobiasis.Chinese ash
(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC), alias: white poplar, great Ye willow, great Ye poplars etc..Chinese ash is recorded according to existing literature
Medicinal part be branch, leaf or bark, have wind-expelling pain-stopping, desinsection, sore and other effects.It can be used for treating toothache, acute icteric
Hepatitis, painful swelling of joints, leptospirosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, skin eczema, treatment swollen, wound, suppurative ulcer, scabies etc..And it closes
In the medicinal aspect of Chinese ash seed (seed wing is gone to dry after seed), relevant report and document there is no to record.
From above-mentioned test result as it can be seen that four kinds of Chinese medicine selected by the present invention: Chinese ash seed, buttercup, sheep hoof, fructus ulmi have very
The effect of good prevention and treatment snail.Application initial stage Chinese ash seed, buttercup, the preventive effect of sheep hoof are extremely significant (reaching as high as 100%), prevention and treatment effect
Fruit weakens with the lengthening of spraying time.And the control efficiency of fructus ulmi enhances with the lengthening of spraying time, after being administered 1d
Preventive effect 66.2%, and preventive effect reaches 88.3% after being administered 8d, this exceeds the present inventor's expectation.
Any combination of two of 4 kinds of components or three or three combinations or four kinds are subjected to preventive effect research afterwards together, show Chinese ash seed+hair
Gelsemium, fructus ulmi+sheep hoof, Chinese ash seed+fructus ulmi, buttercup+fructus ulmi, Chinese ash seed+buttercup+fructus ulmi combined method preventive effect are better than single group
Point.The processing group of combination of two has collaboration to imitate better than the superposition of each only using effect of taste prescription after illustrating said medicine compatibility
Fruit.Especially Chinese ash seed+buttercup+fructus ulmi combination, not in discovery snail within the 8 day time of application of test, preventive effect continues 8 days
All keep 100%.
Test example 2, optimum proportioning test and long term effect test
The combination Chinese ash seed+buttercup+fructus ulmi for choosing above-mentioned best preventive effect carries out different ratio test and long term effect test,
Test method is identical as test example 1, and the test period extends to 30 days, and formulation rate is every square metre of 100g, spraying time 2017
On May 21,16:00.
Table 2
As can be seen from the above table, the combination of Chinese ash seed, buttercup, fructus ulmi three, arbitrary proportion are attained by anti-well
The effect of snail is controlled, and preventive effect is up to 30 days.Wherein optimal proportion is Chinese ash seed: buttercup: fructus ulmi=1:4:8.To reach most
The purpose of good long control snail repeats to be administered once for 15-20 days after being administered in first time, and formulation rate halves.
Meanwhile a situation arises for other pest and disease damages in statistical test group and control group, statistical test region and control respectively
Region inner sense incarnadines spider, aleyrodid, xylotrupes dichotomus, slug, luxuriant and rich with fragrance armored scale, black spot, anthracnose, the diseased plant number of soft rot, as a result sees
Table 3.Wherein, test area statistical result is the average value of each test group of above-mentioned table 2.
Table 3
| Red spider | Aphid | Xylotrupes dichotomus | Slug | Luxuriant and rich with fragrance armored scale | Black spot | Anthracnose | Soft rot | |
| Test area | 7 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Control zone | 59 | 8 | 76 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
From table 3 it can be seen that the present invention prevents and treats the medicament of dendrobium candidum snail, also have in terms of preventing and treating other pest and disease damages aobvious
Effect is write, it is especially obvious to red spider and xylotrupes dichotomus's preventive effect, there are not black spot, anthracnose, soft rot in test area substantially
Etc. diseases occur.
The influence of test example 3, medicament of the present invention to dendrobium candidum yield and quality
Count the dendrobium candidum yield in each test group region of above-mentioned test example 1 and test example 2 in July, 2017, and it is normal
Comparing in the control zone of the dendrobium candidum of rule method management.As a result as shown in Fig. 1 and table 4.
Fig. 1 shows the dendrobium candidum that each test group (A-I) of table 2 of the present invention and control group (CK) in July, 2017 harvest
Plant pair ratio.There it can be seen that control group plant is less than each test group, the quantity of stem and blade is less than test group.
Statistical weight, average stem long (cm), average stem thick (cm), average leaf number (piece) etc., and detect polysaccharide and contain
Amount, the results are shown in Table 4:
Table 4
4 statistical result of table shows trial zone yield (g/m2) it is 321.3 ± 10.6, control zone 287.5 ± 21.7 increases
11.75% is produced, and average stem is long, stem is thick, the number of blade and polyoses content are also improved, and improves quality.
Claims (5)
1. preventing and treating the medicament of snail in a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation production, characterized in that the medicament is Chinese ash seed, buttercup and grassland
The combination of sprout；
The medicament the preparation method comprises the following steps: by after above-mentioned medicinal material drying, spray profit with the vinegar of medicinal material weight 1-2%, be crushed to 80-
120 mesh, are made medicinal powder；It is used alternatively, extract is made in above-mentioned medicinal material, the preparation method of the extract is: weighing Chinese medicine
10-40 times of 75% ethyl alcohol measured is added in component, impregnates, and in 60 DEG C of -80 DEG C of extracting 2h-4h, extracts 3 times, merging filtrate, concentration
It is dry, obtain extract.
2. preventing and treating the medicament of snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production as described in claim 1, characterized in that each in the combination
Drug is compounded according to arbitrary proportion.
3. preventing and treating the medicament of snail in officinal dendrobium stem plantation production as described in claim 1, characterized in that the medicament is maple
Poplar seed, buttercup, fructus ulmi are compounded according to the weight ratio of 1:4:8.
4. a kind of dendrobium officinale culture medium, characterized in that the matrix contains any dendrobium candidum of claim 1-3
The medicament of snail is prevented and treated in cultivation production.
5. dendrobium officinale culture medium as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the medicament additional amount is the 0.1- of matrix weight
1.5%.
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| CN107827602A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-23 | 浙江东来天然生物制品有限公司 | A kind of selenium-enriched officinal dendrobium stem dedicated fertilizer of pre- preventing disease and pest and preparation method thereof |
| CN109769616A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州市林业科学研究院（杭州市林业科技推广总站） | The control method of Allomyrina dichotoma in a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation |
| CN109769600A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州市林业科学研究院（杭州市林业科技推广总站） | Using the method for mountain window firefly prevention and treatment dendrobium candidum flat folliculus spiral shell worm evil |
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| CN104472578A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 安徽智联投资集团有限公司 | Insect-repelling fragrant ball for cabinet as well as preparation and application methods |
| CN105707133A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-29 | 史运江 | Botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling pests and preparation method |
| CN106305797A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-11 | 管天球 | Biological pesticide with camellia oleifera roots and method for preparing biological pesticide |
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2017
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472578A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 安徽智联投资集团有限公司 | Insect-repelling fragrant ball for cabinet as well as preparation and application methods |
| CN105707133A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-29 | 史运江 | Botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling pests and preparation method |
| CN106305797A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-11 | 管天球 | Biological pesticide with camellia oleifera roots and method for preparing biological pesticide |
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